海上搜救最优路线规划模型设计与仿真

随着人类海洋活动的频繁、气候环境的复杂多变,海上事故频发,而海上救援最关键的是要在最短时间到达搜救点。海上搜索最短路径还受到障碍物、地理环境、天气等条件影响,是一个多条件全局最优问题。本文研究了基于蚁群算法的Dijkstra求解方法,寻找多条件约束下的海上搜救最短路径的全局最优解,最后对算法进行了仿真并与其他路径规划算法做了比较。     

防治黑海潮

法国发生黑海潮的风险很大。为了防治黑海潮而开发了一些有效的工具,在全世界为人所称道,比如防火坝、海上漏油回收船、没有毒性的石油扩散剂等等。 世界上船舶航行最多的地方最容易发生黑海潮,比如拉芒什海峡或北海,或者博斯普鲁斯海峡;也包括一些大的河流,比如莱茵河或伏尔加河等等。自从1967年巨型油轮Torrey     

基于黄渤海域的商渔船碰撞事故分析

中国北部海域气候条件恶劣,是海雾多发区域;北方的寒潮之季正是在捕鱼期中,导致海上风浪较大,影响船舶的航行。另外海上交通混乱,最为典型的海域为渤海与黄海西北部,那里的传统渔区与商客船航线重叠交叉,是商渔船碰撞的高发海域。笔者根据实际地理情况,通过对天气、时间、空间等自然因素导致商渔船碰撞事故进行分析,挖掘出引发事故的原因。     

海上突发事故应急船舶调度的优化模型研究

当海上突发事故时通常选择距离事发地点最近的船舶进行调度,但是受到海上气象天文,海况,应急船舶的配置等因素的影响,距离事发地点最近的救助点到达事故地点的时间未必最短和最可靠,并且对于海上突发事件来讲,往往单一船舶的调度无法平息事故,需要跨区域甚至跨国进行合作。文中结合海上突发事故的突发性和随机性,提出了多部门调度多种船舶的组合优化模型。该模型以船舶应急时间最短为目标,给出了最短应急时间的求解方法,数值算例表明了算法的有效性和实用性。     

危险四伏的土耳其海峡

土耳其海峡是达达尼尔海峡、马尔马拉海峡和博斯普鲁斯海峡等三个海峡的统称,因为土耳其所属,所以国际上又称“土耳其海峡区”。土耳其海峡连接黑海与地中海以及印度洋、大西洋,也是沟通欧亚大陆的重要海上通道,是世界上最重要的交通枢纽之一,具有重要的战略意义,历来为兵家必争之地。历史上俄罗斯为抢夺到黑海的出海口多次不惜对土耳其用兵。在当今世界,土耳其海峡这条重要的战略通道对许多欧亚国家依然有着巨大的意义。但是,作为当今世界最繁忙海峡之一的土耳其海峡也是世界上最危险的海峡之一。特别是随着近年来欧亚往     

国际避碰规则真的要遵守!

纵观最近几年海上事故案例,船舶紧迫局面、紧迫危险和碰撞发生的根本原因在于船长、驾驶员在晾望上的疏忽,在避让操作上错误判断、错误行动,更多的是没有采纳《1972年国际海上避碰规则》一直强调的“安全航速”。     

土耳其海峡航行安全问题严重

土耳其海峡全长164海里，共分3段，包括博斯普鲁斯海峡（17海里）、马尔马拉海峡（110海里）和达达尼尔海峡（37海里）。博斯普鲁斯海峡被认为是其中最危险的一段。     

论我国海上污染事故应急机制改革

以我国有史以来最大规模的海上溢油污染事故——大连新港"7·16"原油管线爆炸事故为背景,对比美国海上污染应急指挥体系,主要分析我国应急体系的不足之处,结合我国国情,从国家政策、溢油应急计划的完善性、设备基础、人员基础及事故处理经验五个方面对海事部门在处理海上污染事故时的优越性进行简要分析,论证海事部门作为我国海上污染事故应急指挥部门的可行性及必要性。     

CCTV在安全管理中的实践应用

近年来,随着航海技术的发展,越来越多的先进助航设备在船舶上得以应用,促进了海上航行安全。如ECDIS（电子海图）减轻了驾驶人员负担,AIS增强了船舶间避免碰撞的措施,加强了船舶交通管理系统功能和海事通信功能,BNWAS（驾驶台值班报警系统）防止驾驶员在航行值班时不能履行值班职责而使船舶处于无人操纵的危险局面发生。助航设备在硬件和软件上的不断应用和改善,为船舶海上航行安全创造了更有利的条件,也有效地减少了海上交通事故的发生。遗憾的是,虽然海上通航环境和船舶安全状况得到了有效改善,但人为因素仍是导致事故的最主要原因。     

舟山海域船舶事故对海警舰船航行安全的启示

近年来,舟山海域水上交通事故依然严峻,给海警舰船海上执勤、执法与实施海上救助等带来了风险。为此,本文首先分析了舟山海域的地理、自然环境,对事故多发原因进行了简单分析,并对舟山海域海警舰船航行安全提出了若干建议。     

Analytical investigation of marine casualties at the Strait of Istanbul with SWOT–AHP method

The Strait of Istanbul is one of the most dangerous and busiest sea passages, according to its narrowness, sharp turns, currents, heavy traffic and many other important factors. Despite the latest precautions, marine incidents still occur, especially in narrow seaways. This study shows that a management tool that is specifically applied for reducing marine casualties and consequently enhancement of safety and ship management performance can be used to prevent accidents and casualties in maritime transportation. In this study, factors which affect marine casualties examined and determined with SWOT (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) analysis method and weighting of the factors determined by using the AHP (analytic hierarchy process) method. With this approach, strategic action plans were developed for minimizing shipping casualties at the Strait of Istanbul, taking into account the weighting factors and previously happened accidents.     

散货船国际安全措施

本文简要分析了九十年代以来散货船海损事故及原因，回顾了几年来ＩＭＯ和Ｉ－ＡＣＳ寻求散货船安全措施的历程和合作，并提出还需解决的遗留问题及有关建议。     

多点系泊定位FDPSO船体水动力性能数值模拟和模型试验研究(英文)

由于中国南海海域海况十分恶劣,浮式钻井生产储油轮(FDPSO,Floating,Drilling,Production,Storage and Offloading vessel)定位方式的研究是海洋工程界值得关注的课题。文章采用数值模拟和模型试验的方法对多点系泊FDPSO水动力性能开展研究。数值模拟包括FDPSO船体频域水动力性能计算和船体/锚链时域耦合分析。船体频域水动力性能计算得到了水动力系数,波浪力和运动幅值响应算子;时域耦合数值分析得到了中国南海海域一年一遇海况和百年一遇海况下船体六自由度运动时历。模型试验在上海交通大学海洋工程深水池开展,包括静水衰减试验,白噪声试验和不规则波试验。对数值计算结果和模型试验结果进行了比较,验证了数值结果的准确性,并对多点系泊FDPSO在中国南海海域的水动力性能进行了研究。     

Multigrid state vector for data assimilation in a two-way nested model of the Ligurian Sea

A system of two nested models composed by a coarse resolution model of the Mediterranean Sea, an intermediate resolution model of the Provençal Basin and a high resolution model of the Ligurian Sea is coupled with a Kalman-filter based assimilation method. The state vector for the data assimilation is composed by the temperature, salinity and elevation of the three models. The forecast error is estimated by an ensemble run of 200 members by perturbing initial condition and atmospheric forcings. The 50 dominant empirical orthogonal functions (EOF) are taken as the error covariance of the model forecast. This error covariance is assumed to be constant in time. Sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface height (SSH) are assimilated in this system.     

关于南海海洋平台选型及研究方向探讨

本文简述了国内外深海油气勘探开发现状以及海洋平台发展情况,分析各类平台的结构特点及应用状况,根据我国南海深水油气生产需要和海况,对我国南海区油气开发选取海洋平台类型以及重点研究方向,提出几点浅见。     

The requirement for the publication of detailed global marine casualties statistics

Today, ships' seaworthiness, naigation and safety and the protection of the marine environment rank very highly among shipping political issues. Yet, the available published statistical data concerning marine casualties relate ony to 'total losses'. Obviously, total losses are just the tip of a gigantic iceberg of marine incidents and a far more complete analysis of th causes, circumstances and consequences of all the major casualties recorded world-wide appears to be a prerequisite to the study of measures intended to improe the safety and cleanliness of shipping operations. Published statistics and existing databases in the field of marine casualties are examined and a number of remarks concerning the methodology underlying the current available statistical sources are presented. Some improvements are proposed and suggestions for combining the efforts of the various interested parties, probably under the aegis of IMO, in order to prepare and publish yearly statistical tables providing a comprehensive global analysis of major marine casualties are made.     

从几起海难事故看船舶应急演习的问题

文中结合几起海上事故，分析了在海上事故中船员自救成功率低下的主要原因，同时指出了船舶在救生演习中存在的一系列问题是导致船员自救成功率低的深层次原因，并提出了相应的对策。     

利用电子海图技术应用事故案例经验教训的建议

事故案例经验教训与气象、海况和航标异常等其他航行安全信息有着很大的相似性,及时获取上述信息有利于船舶航行作业安全。以电子海图为平台,将事故经验教训信息按发生位置标示在电子海图上可以直接提醒航经该水域的船员,警示船员掌握该水域险情事故特点,汲取相关海难事故经验教训。参照航行通警告管理模式管理事故经验教训信息便于事故经验教训信息在电子海图上更新维护。文中认为利用电子海图技术将为事故经验教训应用于保障船舶航行作业安全提供新的实现路径。     

Hydrography and biogeochemistry of the north western Bay of Bengal and the north eastern Arabian Sea during winter monsoon

The north eastern Arabian Sea and the north western Bay of Bengal within the Indian exclusive economic zone were explored for their environmental characteristics during the winter monsoons of 2000 and 2001 respectively. The two regions were found to respond paradoxically to comparable intensities of the atmospheric forcing. There is an asymmetry in the net heat exchange of these two basins with atmosphere because of the varying thickness of barrier layer. During winter, the convective mixing in the Arabian Sea is driven by net heat loss from the ocean, whereas the Bay of Bengal does not contribute to such large heat loss to the atmosphere. It appears that the subduction of high saline Arabian Sea water mass is the mechanism behind the formation of a barrier layer in the northeast Arabian Sea; whereas that in the Bay of Bengal and the southeast Arabian Sea are already established as due to low saline water mass. The weak barrier layer in the Arabian Sea yields to the predominance of convective mixing to bring in nitrate-rich waters from the deeper layers to the surface, thereby supporting enhanced biological production. On the other hand, the river discharge into the Bay of Bengal during this period results in the formation of a thick and stable barrier layer, which insulates vertical mixing and provide oligotrophic condition in the Bay.     

Maritime safety and the ISM code: a study of investigated casualties and incidents

In 1993, the International Maritime Organization adopted the International Safety Management (ISM) Code which requires all shipping companies operating certain types of vessels to establish safety management systems. Nevertheless, two decades later, maritime safety remains a concern. This article studies 94 maritime cases investigated by the Maritime Accident Investigation Branch in the UK. By providing an analysis of reported casualties and incidents, it highlights current challenges in maritime safety. For each casualty and incident, the study reviews the underlying causal factors. These causal factors are then coded according to the functional sections of the ISM Code, covering various aspects of safety management. To investigate human and organizational factors involved in the casualties and incidents, the human factor analysis and classification system (HFACS) is applied to code the same data. Finally, the relative seriousness of casualties and incidents is considered to discuss the findings from ISM Code and HFACS reviews. The study found that the main challenges pertain to the development of plans for shipboard operations, local shipboard management, and the ability of the company to verify when such practices deviate from best practices or required standards.