一对当红小生——汽油机缸内直喷和涡轮增压技术

长期以来，汽车发动机就由两大主要燃料驱动——汽油和柴油。这两种燃料理化性质的差异使得汽油发动机和柴油发动机也有着很大差别，例如点火方式、燃料供给系统等都有很大不同。     

生物柴油的排放特性试验研究

对一台轿车用柴油机燃烧低比例生物柴油的排放污染物进行了试验研究,分析了不同配比的生物柴油燃烧污染物随发动机转速、发动机负荷的变化规律.试验结果表明:生物柴油可以有效地降低柴油机的排气污染物,尤其是烟度污染物;随着生物柴油掺混比例的增加,烟度和THC污染物的排放呈线性下降,而CO和NOx排放物的变化受发动机的转速和负倚影响很大.     

车用柴油机燃用生物柴油PAHs排放特性试验研究

在发动机台架上对一台车用直喷式增压柴油机燃用生物柴油和柴油PAHs的排放特性进行试验,排气巾颗粒相和气相PAHs分别用玻璃纤维滤膜和PUF/XAD-2/PUF吸附管采集,用色谱-质谱联用仪对PAHs进行定量分析.结果表明:发动机燃用生物柴油时PAHs排放浓度较燃用柴油时下降了30.4%～57.8%;燃用生物柴油时PAHs排放中对人体极为有害的苯并(a)芘浓度较燃用柴油时下降了56.6%～94.9%.     

车用柴油机润滑油的不同分类及其合理应用

随着柴油机技术的不断发展完善,我军许多重型运输车辆处在由用汽油发动机改用柴油动机的过度时期。可以预见,今将有更多的柴油车辆装备部。军用柴油车辆必须能够适应劣的运行环境,因此对车用柴机润滑油的要求非常高。目前,用柴油机润滑油生产商为了满不同柴油车辆的需要,不断推     

天然气-柴油双燃料发动机RCCI燃烧性能研究

将YN38CRD2柴油机改装为天然气-柴油双燃料发动机,相对原机改动不大。与原机相比,改装后的双燃料发动机动力性基本保持不变,燃油经济性得到改善。双燃料发动机可以实现反应可控压缩着火(RCCI),排气温度也相对较低,纯柴油模式和双燃料模式转换方便,并具有良好的可操作性,使得天然气-柴油双燃料发动机的性能基本达到了设计目标。     

英国CV12TCA柴油机性能试验与结构初步分析(续二)

<正> 三、性能对比试验 本文着重介绍改变CVl2TCA柴油机的进、排气条件时,对柴油机性能的影响。下面主要介绍的试验有改变中冷温度试验;进、排气阻力对发动机性能影响试验;不同柴油进油温度试验;储备功率对发动机加速性影响试验;以及增压器对比试验等。     

柴油S含量与净化装置对柴油机排放的影响

论述了柴油S含量对柴油机烟度排放的影响,对62辆柴油车辆燃用S含量高的市售柴油与特配的低S柴油进行了自由加速滤纸式烟度排放对比试验,证实S含量低,烟度排放低。研究了柴油机排气净化器对排气PM中硫酸盐含量的影响,通过发动机试验方法,得出Pd/γAl2O3 催化净化剂促进了排气中的SO2 向硫酸根的转化,使排气PM中硫酸盐含量增加的结论。     

柴油—生物柴油—乙醇发动机烟度与微粒排放特性研究

通过发动机台架试验,研究了燃用柴油—生物柴油—乙醇混合燃料(BE-D)、柴油时的烟度和微粒的排放规律。结果表明:BE-D燃料相比柴油自由加速烟度低18%,中高转速全负荷下的排气烟度低36%~56%;BE-D燃料相比柴油的微粒排放在中高转速、大负荷下低43%~58%,但低速下由于有机碳氢微粒的排放量增加,BE-D燃料的排气微粒浓度较柴油高。     

含醇类燃料非常规排放污染物甲醛的实验研究

进行了RON93汽油、甲醇汽油(M15、M25、M85)、乙醇汽油(E10、E25)、-10#柴油和乙醇柴油(ED10)在一定工况下的非常规排放物--甲醛的检测.结果表明:发动机燃用汽油、柴油或醇燃料时,排气中都会产生醛类排放物,随着混合燃料中的醇含量增加,排气中醛类排放物也相应增加,汽油的甲醛排放要高于柴油;同一种燃料进行测试时,甲醛排放随着功率的增加呈先增大后减小的趋势;双三元催化转化器对甲醛有一定的催化作用.     

法国“Uni”军用重型车辆发动机

法国Uni公司在其民用产品Poyaud 520系列柴油机上,采用增压、增压中冷及超高增压等技术并扩大缸径和冲程,发展了可用于军用、重型民用车辆的发动机系列。本文以其中七种军用车辆发动机为主,对其性能、结构特征做了简单介绍。文章结尾,作者就超高增压发动机用于坦克动力提出了一些针对性问题,供研究探讨。     

柴油-酒精混合燃料发动机的性能研究

在分析柴油—酒精混合燃料物理化学特性的基础上，研究了不同混合比例的柴油—酒精混合燃料发动机的性能。研究表明：柴油醇燃料发动机的有效燃油消耗率较柴油机的升高，而有效能耗率有一定程度的降低；发动机的碳烟排放明显降低，在保持同样排温的前提下，其功率有一定程度的升高，尾气排放明显降低；柴油机使用混合燃料后，滞燃期延长，燃烧持续期缩短。在采用推迟供油的条件下，柴油—酒精混合燃料发动机的尾气排放性能可以得到较大幅度的提高。     

Review on characterization of nano-particle emissions and PM morphology from internal combustion engines: Part 1

This paper is review of the characterization of exhaust particles from state-of-the-art internal combustion engines. We primarily focus on identifying the physical and chemical properties of nano-particles, i.e., the concentration, size distribution, and particulate matter (PM) morphology. Stringent emissions regulations of the Euro 6 and the LEV III require a substantial reduction in the PM emissions from vehicles, and improvements in human health effects. Advances in powertrains with sophisticated engine control strategies and engine after-treatment technologies have significantly improved PM emission levels, motivating the development of new particle measurement instruments and chemical analysis procedures. In this paper, recent research trends are reviewed for physical and chemical PM characterization methods for gasoline and diesel fueled engines under various vehicle certification cycles and real-world driving conditions. The effects of engine technologies, fuels, and engine lubricant oils on exhaust PM morphology and compositions are also discussed.     

Morphological Change and Number-Size Distributions of Particulate Matter (PM) from a Diesel Generator Operated with Wood Pyrolysis Oil-Butanol Blended Fuel

This report details our experimental study investigating particulate matter (PM) emissions from a diesel generator fueled with wood pyrolysis oil (WPO)–butanol blended fuel for electricity generation. Particle number-size distributions and PM mass concentrations from diesel, n-butanol, and WPO-butanol blended fuels were investigated via aerosol measurements using a fast mobility particle sizer and an aerosol monitor with three generator outputs (0, 3.3, and 6.6 kWe). For the n-butanol and WPO-blended fuels, the total number concentrations of exhaust particles were higher than that of conventional diesel combustion; however, the PM mass was observed to be nearly zero for all the engine operating conditions due to the higher number concentration in the nuclei mode. The morphology of the exhaust particles was investigated by analyzing transmission electron microscopy (TEM) micrographs. The morphology of the particles was drastically changed according to the test fuels and engine loads. Two types of particles were observed, including soot and coke shaped particles. These results were directly related to the immaturity of incipient soot particles due to the different physical properties and chemical compositions of the fuels.     

柴油车排放的碳颗粒物微结构和化学分析

利用XPS,XRD,TG和DSC技术,对收集到的几种柴油车排气管内沉积的碳颗粒固体物进行了微结构与化学分析。研究结果表明,在化学构成上,柴油车排放的碳颗粒物是由多种元素构成的复杂体系;在物理结构上,柴油车排放的碳颗粒物具有复杂多相的物理结构,不具有明显的晶型结构,属于具有严重结构缺陷的乱层石墨结构碳,是一种不稳定的结构。在氮气和空气气氛下的热分析表明,完全能够采用化学催化手段大幅减少柴油车排放颗粒物的数量。     

采用柴油添加剂降低柴油机排放的试验研究

在CA6110ZLA8增压中冷柴油机台架上进行0#柴油及0#柴油加5种不同添加剂的比较试验。给出了柴油机排放物(CO,HC,NOx,PM)及燃油消耗率的测试结果。分析了不同成分或不同量的添加剂对柴油机排放和燃油消耗率的影响。     

Effects of diesel fuel characteristics on spray and combustion in a diesel engine

Fuel properties play a dominant role in the spray, mixture formation and combustion process, and are a key to emission control and efficiency optimization. This paper deals with the influence of the fuel properties on the spray and combustion characteristics in a high-pressure and temperature chamber. Light diesel fuel spray and combustion images were taken by using a high-speed video camera and analyzed by their penetration and evaporation characteristics in comparison with current diesel fuel. Then, a single-cylinder DI engine was used to investigate combustion and exhaust characteristics. The mixture formation of the light diesel fuel is faster than that of the current fuel depending on physical properties like boiling point, density, viscosity and surface tension. Engine test results show that smoke is reduced without an increase in other emissions.     

直喷式柴油机燃用甲醇燃料的排放特性的研究

本文通过在１１３０单缸柴油机上燃用全甲醇的试验。     

柴油机排气微粒捕集器燃气再生可行性研究

提出了一种新的柴油机排气微粒捕集器的再生技术 ,即利用燃气与排气中的O2 燃烧清除微粒捕集器中沉积的微粒 (PM)。根据燃气的物化特性和排气中的含O2 量 ,对这种方法的可行性进行了理论分析和试验验证 ,为解决柴油机PM排放控制提供了一条新的技术途径     

Gaussian Process Regression Feedforward Controller for Diesel Engine Airpath

Gaussian Process Regression (GPR) provides emerging modeling opportunities for diesel engine control. Recent serial production hardwares increase online calculation capabilities of the engine control units. This paper presents a GPR modeling for feedforward part of the diesel engine airpath controller. A variable geotmetry turbine (VGT) and an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) valve outer loop controllers are developed. The GPR feedforward models are trained with a series of mapping data with physically related inputs instead of speed and torque utilized in conventional control schemes. A physical model-free and calibratable controller structure is proposed for hardware flexibility. Furthermore, a discrete time sliding mode controller (SMC) is utilized as a feedback controller. Feedforward modeling and the subsequent airpath controller (SMC+GPR) are implemented on the physical diesel engine model and the performance of the proposed controller is compared with a conventional PID controller with table based feedforward.     

Design of a compressor-power-based exhaust manifold pressure estimator for diesel engine air management

In accordance with the development of hardware configurations in diesel engines, research on model-based control for these systems has been conducted for years. To control the air management system of a diesel engine, the exhaust manifold pressure should be selected as one of the control targets due to its internal dynamic stability and its physical importance in model-based control. However, it is difficult to measure exhaust pressure using sensors due to gas flow oscillation in the exhaust manifold in a reciprocated diesel engine. Moreover, the sensor is too costly to be equipped on production engines. Hence, the estimation strategies for exhaust manifold pressure have been regarded as a primary issue in diesel engine air management control. This paper proposes a new estimation method for determining the exhaust manifold pressure based on compressor power dynamics. With its simple and robust structure, this estimation leads to improved control performance compared with that of general observers. To compensate for the compressor efficiency error that varies with turbine speed, some correction maps are adopted in the compressor power equation. To verify the control system performance with the new estimator, a HiLS (hardware in the loop simulation) of the NRTC mode is performed. Experimental verification is also conducted using a test bench for the C1-08 mode.