Lancaster sound regional study: Coastal and marine resource planning in the Canadian high arctic

Abstract

The Lancaster Sound Regional Study serves as a pilot project for regional planning in the Arctic. Probably the most biologically productive area of all arctic regions, Lancaster Sound represents a unique Canadian heritage. And since it occupies the strategic eastern entrance to the Northwest Passage, the Sound has long been a summer shipping route. Now, proposals are under review that would permit year‐round shipping of oil and gas from the Beaufort Sea by means of ice‐breaking tankers. Also proposed are the exploration and development of possible hydrocarbon reservoirs within the Sound. Actual decisions for the area's use must respect the interests of the native Inuit who have lived there for centuries as well as the preservation of the environment. This paper describes the preliminary phase of the regional planning for the region: the preparation of a public discussion paper to elicit informed comment and opinion on future uses of the Sound. It is a first step toward recommending suitable management and use options for the region.     

Spatially Prioritizing Seafloor Mapping for Coastal and Marine Planning

Coastal and marine areas provide vital services to support the economic, cultural, recreational, and ecological needs of human communities, but sustaining these benefits necessitates a balance between growing and often competing uses and activities. Minimizing coastal zone conflict and reducing human-induced impacts to ecological resources requires access to consistent spatial information on the distribution and condition of marine resources. Seafloor mapping provides a detailed and reliable spatial template on the structure of the seafloor that has become a core data need for many resource management strategies. The absence of detailed maps of the seafloor hinders the effectiveness of priority setting in marine policy, regulatory processes, and marine stewardship. For large management areas, the relatively high cost of seafloor mapping and limited management budgets requires careful spatial prioritization. In order to address this problem, a consensus based approach, aided by decision-support tools, and participatory geographic information systems (GIS), was implemented in Long Island Sound to spatially prioritize locations, define additional data collection efforts needed, and identify products needed to inform decision-making. The methodology developed has utility for other states and regions in need of spatially prioritizing activities for coastal planning, and organizations charged with providing geospatial services to communities with broad informational needs.     

实地测试WAAS最新海图测绘系统

两款分别来自Maptech和Garmin公司的新型海图测绘系统问世．其中配置了最新的集成系统,极大地提升了它们作为WAAS产品的性能。[编者按]     

拆船公约新导则出台后中国的履约策略研究

国际海事组织海上环境保护委员会第64届大会通过了《2009香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约》的最后两个导则,即《2012船舶检验和发证导则》和《2012船舶检查导则》,65届大会又对有害物质的阈值进行了修订,加快了公约生效进程。通过对上述导则的分析研究,结合国内外拆船业发展现状,为我国就拆船公约的履约提出了相关策略。     

Measurement and computation of the acoustic field in a cavitation tunnel

Sound pressure distribution around a monotone sound source was measured inside a marine propeller cavitation tunnel and compared with the calculated result by a two-dimensional boundary element method. The measured sound pressure distribution showed some peaks due to the reflection effect of the tunnel test section boundary. As the frequency increased, the sound pressure distribution became more complicated, showing more peaks. The tunnel reverberant effect should be taken into account when the noise data measured in the tunnel are converted into full-scale values. In the boundary element method calculation, the boundary condition at the acrylic observation window of the tunnel was examined in detail. The calculated sound pressure distribution pattern in the tunnel transverse section agreed well with the measured distribution when a reasonable boundary condition was adopted. The boundary element method is an effective method for theoretically predicting the acoustic field inside the cavitation tunnel if the precise boundary condition is adopted.     

Advancing Coastal Habitat Resiliency Through Landscape-Scale Assessment

Coastal areas are among the most biologically rich regions in the world. They provide tremendous benefit to people through ecological services like pollution filtration, carbon sequestration, and storm protection. However, human activity has decreased the ability of ecosystems to provide these services, and in many coastal areas, restoration is not as effective as it could be. Limited success is largely attributed to vague goals and a lack of holistic, science-informed planning. Quantifying coastal habitat health can aid in setting better restoration goals and lead to greater restoration success. The Long Island Sound Study National Estuary Program conducted the first comprehensive look at coastal habitat health for the Long Island Sound Estuary. In this study we also reviewed landscape-scale habitat assessment progress within other coastal programs. Results can be applied to establish ecosystem health-oriented goals that improve habitat function and resilience across coastal areas.     

海工高性能混凝土在福州港罗源湾港区狮歧3万吨级码头工程中的应用

介绍海工高性能混凝土在福州港罗源湾港区码头建设中的应用情况,对CX-SUN外加剂的作用机理进行了分析。     

Evaluating seaport operation and capacity analysis—preliminary methodology

The marine terminal in general and the container terminal in particular is the physical link between ocean and land modes of transportation. Port capacity is commonly defined as the amount of cargo that can be handled by a port per time period, usually a year. For containers it is the number of processed containers per year, for bulk cargo-tons or pallets per year and for Ro-Ro cargoes-autos per year. As the number of ships and the amount of cargo passing through the port increase, a point is reached at which some elements of the port system are functioning near or beyond their maximum productivity rate. The concept that should direct the terminal capacity analysis is controlled by the terminal activity that determines the lowest capacity rate per unit of time, during one cycle of operation. Four performance measures are introduced in order to establish a recommended methodology that quantifies the port's quality of operation and also functions as a tool for decision makers to justify a required investment. The methodology should become a standard that might turn into a requirement for examining every port's level of service.     

Monitoring long-term environmental change: Some lessons from Sullom Voe,Shetland Islands

The impact on the marine environment of the operation of the Sullom Voe Oil Terminal and its major port facility in the Shetland Islands has been monitored continuously for more than twenty-five years. The site of this very large terminal straddles a peninsula and the separation of the impact of the port on the sheltered west side (Sullom Voe) and the aqueous discharge from the terminal to the east, into the strong tidal current of Yell Sound, has proven to be advantageous. There are two types of monitoring, statutory (to comply with relevant legislation) and voluntary (to establish good practice and to examine a wider range of impacts e.g. island-wide ornithology). The latter function is undertaken by an independent advisory committee (SOTEAG). Over time, the nature and amount of voluntary monitoring has decreased in response to the long term evidence that both terminal and port operations are having little or no impact on a wide range of habitats and species. Voluntary monitoring also acts as an independent check on both compliance and other forms of environmental assessment. Although the terminal is now operating at less than half its peak capacity, this does not mean that there has been apro-rata decrease in monitoring activity.     

发电机、主/配电盘故障下船舶动力装置性能分析（英文）

Power generation is one of the most essential functions of any plant for continuous functioning without any interruption. A marine power plant(MPP) is the same section. In the present paper, the authors have tried to find the various reliability characteristics of an MPP. A marine power plant which is a composition of two generators and in which one of them is located at the stern and another at the bow, both associated to the main switchboard(MSB). The distribution switchboards(DSB) receive power from the MSB through cables and their respective junctions. Given that arrangement, a working based transition state diagram has been generated. With the help of the Markov process, a number of intro-differential equations are formed and solved by Laplace transform. Various reliability characteristics are calculated and discussed with the help of graphs.     

波流联合作用下双船吊装系统的建模与仿真

参考国内外相关文献,结合双船起吊具体施工过程和力学特性,建立双船吊装系统模型。利用大型水动力分析软件OrcaFlex对双船吊装系统的运动响应进行时域求解,分析波流方向、波高、吊放速度以及吊缆拉伸刚度等因素对吊缆张力和吊物运动的影响。分析结果可作为双船吊装系统吊装作业安全性评估的理论依据,对双船吊装系统在海洋工程中的应用具有一定的参考价值。     

Nearshore Restoration in Puget Sound: Understanding Stakeholder Values and Potential Coalitions

Restoration of nearshore ecosystems presents many challenges for stakeholder involvement. Using surveys and interviews we examined stakeholder values, preferences, and potential coalitions surrounding nearshore restoration in the Whidbey sub-basin of Puget Sound. Most stakeholders in our study believe that Puget Sound nearshore problems are severe and urgent, and that it is worth investing in restoration. They do not agree on the causes of nearshore degradation, yet support stronger regulatory enforcement and increased public ownership as possible solutions to nearshore problems. Five potential stakeholder coalitions were identified based on shared values. These values reflect a varied spectrum of support for public sector solutions to nearshore problems and were labeled: No Government Intervention, Property Rights, Private Land Stewardship, Protect Undeveloped Areas, and Large Scale Restoration. The potential coalitions identified confirm the Advocacy Coalition Framework hypothesis that coalition members who share values do not necessarily share stakeholder demographics or preferences. This study demonstrates one method for understanding local stakeholders, and will help managers direct project resources, planning, and management, through reliance on both stakeholder and scientific input. In addition, managers can use information about stakeholder values and potential coalitions to more effectively frame communication products and stakeholder involvement activities.     

神经网络技术在船舶柴油机故障在线诊断中的应用研究

文章主要研究基于RBF神经网络理论为数学工具对柴油机故障进行计算机仿真诊断,建立船用柴油机征兆与故障样本集,作为神经网络故障诊断的专家知识库,以实现船用柴油机故障诊断。并对柴油机性能工况的故障在线自动诊断进行探索,以提高故障诊断的及时性和准确率,减少误诊。     

基于CATIA的舰船轴系自动化建模技术研究

针对传统舰船轴系建模过程复杂、效率低下的问题,研究了基于CATIA的舰船轴系自动化建模技术.分析了CATIA环境下的自动化建模方法,结合舰船轴系轴段的结构特点,研究舰船轴系自动化建模方法;分析了舰船轴系模型的装配关系,研究了CATIA环境下为轴系部件定义装配特征和根据特征进行装配的方法.通过论文的研究,能够为舰船轴系自动化建模提供有效的指导,同时也能为提高舰船轴系设计效率奠定一定的基础.     

海上船舶碰撞事故原因探讨——侥幸心理的剖析

引起事故的原因有很多,如设备的因素、环境的因素、人的因素等,其中人的因素除了生理因素,还有心理因素,而心理因素则往往是造成事故的主要原因.人的行为是受其心理状态支配的,事故发生前人的心理状态是复杂多样的,其中侥幸心理侥幸心理是引发事故的普遍原因.通过几起典型的船舶碰撞事故案例,对船舶驾驶人员的侥幸心理进行了剖析,引导人们要培育积极的心理状态,以减少人为差错而导致的船舶碰撞事故.     

绿色拆船——中国海事监管对策研究与分析

分析《2009年香港国际安全与无害环境拆船公约》的制定背景与公约的框架内容,结合国内相关行业的现状,通过对比现行海事部门对拆船作业的管理与公约的要求,研究公约生效后,海事部门如何对拆船作业进行管理,提出合理化对策。     

低振动噪声船用离心泵的水力设计

随着现代船舶对运行环境舒适性要求的提高,船用泵设备的振动噪声控制已显得越来越重要.泵内水流脉动是船用离心泵的最主要振动噪声源,故降低泵内流动脉动是低噪声泵设计的关键之一.该文基于CFD性能预报的叶片泵现代设计方法,对某型船用立式离心泵进行了低振动、低噪声的改型设计.改型设计方案采取了一系列有利于降低泵内流动脉动措施,包括应用双流道蜗壳、增加泵叶梢与蜗舌的间隙、适当增加叶片数、叶片侧斜等.改型设计方案的CFD性能预报结果表明,泵内流动的不稳定性得到了明显改善.进一步的实泵试验台架对比试验结果表明,改型泵的水力性能优于原泵,而一阶叶频流噪声较原泵有大幅降低,获得了6dB以上的改善.     

Impacts of Terrestrial and Shoreline Stressors on Eelgrass in Puget Sound: An Expert Elicitation

We used expert elicitation to examine potential responses of eelgrass to several restoration strategies in Puget Sound. Restoration strategies included shoreline armor removal and modification, removal and modification of overwater structures, and efforts to improve water clarity via reductions in anthropogenic nutrient and sediment loadings. Expert responses indicated a general belief that reducing stressors would increase eelgrass cover; however, responses varied greatly among stressors. Our analyses revealed that removal of overwater structures, nutrient loading and shoreline armoring will have significantly larger effects on eelgrass recovery than would removal of sediment loading, with removal of overwater structures having the largest effect. We then used a probabilistic model to estimate what actions, singularly or in combination, could yield a large increase in eelgrass cover. Reducing single stressors could, in theory, result in recovery of eelgrass in Puget Sound; however, the magnitude of actions required would be so great that it is likely not practical. In contrast, we identified combinations of smaller reductions of stressors that could achieve significant eelgrass recovery. For example, a 40% reduction in overwater structures, combined with 20% reductions in shoreline armor, and nutrient and sediment loadings, was predicted to be one of the more feasible combinations of actions for meeting the target. The importance of eelgrass to Puget requires prompt input of scientific advice, and this work fills an important knowledge gap in the face of rapidly approaching legislative deadlines. While coded expert opinion of the sort we use here is a weak substitute for data, our work clarifies the current extent of scientific uncertainty that can guide management action in the near term and scientific research in the long term.     

基于声相关测速的舰船旋回航迹参数研究

舰船在做旋回航行时,可能造成GPS、平台罗经和惯导等导航设备出现较大误差,甚至导致不能给出正常导航参数,这对处于复杂航道行驶或处于高度机动作战的舰船可能带来灾难。针对这种情况,文章通过对声相关测速理论的研究、分析,论证设计了舰船在做旋回航行时的航迹参数的确定方法,来弥补这些不足,并进而简化声相关测速设备的设计。     

舰船冲击试验及大型振动冲击台的应用

针对舰船用设备抗冲击试验的实现手段,对目前进行试验研究的主要方式进行总结.对各种试验方式的优缺点进行对比,并以船用主汽轮机汽缸为试验对象,对大型振动冲击平台的应用进行分析.分析表明,大型振动冲击平台是实现舰船用设备抗冲击试验的一种新型而先进的手段.振动冲击平台克服了传统试验手段的不足,发展了传统手段的优点,是以后进行冲击试验的发展趋势.