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可预期灾害中紧急疏散效率关系着人民群众生命财产安全,应急疏散交通管理能力对疏散撤离效率有较大影响。本文从需求预测、路网供应、应急管理、灾害恢复四个层面,对现存的应急疏散交通管理现状存在的问题进行分析总结,并分别提出改善建议以提高灾害条件下应急交通疏散能力。 相似文献
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城市震灾后,疏散交通需求短时间内急剧骤增,高效、有序的交通疏散控制显得尤为重要。本文通过对调研与试验分析,对地震灾害条件下的城市交通疏散控制进行剖析,考虑安全与效率两个方面的因素,建立城市震灾后最优交通疏散路径。基于前述成果,结合成都市放射环状路网,提出城市震灾后最优交通疏散策略,提升城市应急能力。 相似文献
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为了解决目前广西旅游客船的大规模人群疏散问题,文章基于人类行为心理学特点建立了危急情况下人群的运动模型,分析了广西旅游客船大规模人群疏散方案的可行性,并采用智能算法进行乘客逃生的模拟仿真实验,验证了智能算法能够很好地解决广西旅游客船大规模人群疏散问题。 相似文献
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随着中国经济社会发展水平不断提高,体育赛事越来越受到重视,各类体育比赛日趋频繁。为应对比赛的各种要求,近些年来大部分城市在体育赛事场馆和配套的交通基础设施进行了大力投入。随着体育场馆的投入使用,对城市交通产生了较为明显的影响。本文分析了大型体育场馆交通组织的目标、内容及特点,并重点阐述了大型体育场馆交通影响因素,结合吉林省通化市体育馆的案例,分析了体育馆在赛事期和非赛事期的交通影响差异。本文认为,大型体育场馆对于城市土地利用和交通规划决策以及提升交通集散效率和交通安全等都具有重要意义。 相似文献
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长大隧道火灾工况下人员的安全疏散已成为工程设计的重要课题。介绍了长大隧道发生火灾的危害性及设置安全疏散通道的必要性;对目前国内外长大隧道疏散救援通道的设置情况进行了总结,并对不同的安全疏散方式进行了分析。 相似文献
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地铁车站客流量较大,行人流线复杂,在运营过程中往往存在着一系列的突发事件。为此,文章从城市轨道交通客流需求与运输能力着手,结合车站设备、构造、旅客行为特征,提出了基于MassMotion的城市轨道交通突发事件应急疏散仿真方法。通过确定仿真环境中所需要的基本参数,结合交通过程中行人行为特性,以三维模型空间为基础,对突发大客流进行仿真模拟研究,将车站的设施和行人抽象化。仿真结果显示,突发情况下车站内的所有人员能够在安全时间内迅速撤离到安全区,旅客的疏散速度、工作人员的疏散能力等行为特性对疏散效率有很大的影响。 相似文献
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Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD). An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip. It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links. 相似文献
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《Transportation Research Part A: General》1991,25(6):407-418
The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda. 相似文献
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明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。 相似文献
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介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。 相似文献
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天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本. 相似文献
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Joseph N. Prashker 《Transportation》1979,8(4):329-346
Reliability of travel modes was found to be the most important characteristic of transportation systems in several attitudinal investigations of individual travel behavior. This paper represents the first part of a research effort aimed at gaining a better understanding of the characteristics of reliability of transportation modes in urban travel. In this research, reliability characteristics are identified; their importance relative to each other is assessed, and an insight into possible structure of an objective reliability index is discussed. The research is based on perceived values of reliability, which were identified through a large attitudinal survey conducted in the Chicago metropolitan area. 相似文献
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