对环青海湖公路沿线环保整治工程的分析及建议

环青海湖公路在历次的修建、改建及养护中,由于多方的原因,公路建设后遗留在公路两侧未恢复的大量取土坑及弃土堆对沿线景观造成了一定的影响.就环青海湖公路沿线环保整治工程实施的过程及其实施后产生的生态效果进行了阐述.对今后的公路建设和此类工程的施工等有着较多的借鉴意义.     

高速公路边坡生态防护技术分析

在高速公路建设中,生态防护既起到了工程防护的作用,又具有环保绿化、美化景观的作用。在介绍高速公路生态防护技术的概念及应用原则的基础上,详细阐述了生态保护植物的选择和配置及生态防护技术在高速公路工程中的应用。研究表明,生态护坡不仅能满足设计要求,还能恢复由于公路建设对生态环境造成的破坏,维护公路沿线的生态平衡。     

城市道路的空间及景观工程设计分析——以德化瓷都大道景观工程为例

为了发挥出道路交通的作用,同时使道路景观与城市建设相匹配,实现与城市发展和谐统一,通过分析道路景观工程设计原则,明确景观构成及设计要点,以案例的方式来研究具体的设计方案,为相关研究人员提供参考。     

公路景观生态重建设计研究

公路建设对路域生态系统造成了负面影响,景观生态重建是实现速公路建设可持续发展的重要途径之一。在对公路景观生态重建现状分析的基础上,文章立足中国国情,借鉴国外公路、矿区景观生态重建的经验,结合可持续发展的原则,论述了公路景观生态重建目标、原则、措施和程序,并提出了重建效果评价的标准。力求为国内公路的景观生态重建提供指导。     

天山公路小流域设计洪水分析与计算

以库车河流域水毁点的设计流量分析计算为例,介绍国内常用的几种方法,分析适合天山公路沿线小流域设计流量计算的方法.     

青藏公路茶卡至诺木洪段路域生态环境现状研究

为评估青藏公路建设对公路沿线生态环境的影响程度,借助遥感(RS)与地理信息系统(GIS),对青藏公路茶卡至诺木洪段公路两侧300m范围内的土壤类型、植被情况、野生动物分布、土地利用情况和土壤侵蚀情况进行调查和研究。结果表明,公路沿线区域河流数量很少,水热条件差,植被自我恢复能力较弱,植被覆盖度中等,荒漠化严重,生物多样性为一般水平。     

基于水土保持的公路景观规划设计——以图们至珲春高速公路为例

1概述公路建设特别是高速公路建设,对启动内需促进相关产业发展有着重要作用。同时,在高速公路建设过程中,项目区内的生态环境必然受到影响。项目施工期,由于大量机械施工,路堤填筑、路堑开挖、爆破、取土采石、架桥砌池、机械碾压等,破坏了公路沿线原有地貌和植被,扰动了表土结构,致使土体抗蚀能力降低,土壤侵蚀加剧,导致水土流失量增加。这就要求高速公路的景观规划设计必须把水土保持作为一个重要的影响因子加以考虑。     

天山公路路域生态恢复方法探讨

本文针对天山公路沿线的生态环境特点,综合分析了公路改扩建对生态环境造成的影响,运用生态恢复的理念,根据边坡所属的不同地貌类型和不同的地质条件,对公路沿线的气候特征、植被状况、土壤情况进行详细分析的基础上,对天山公路沿线的边坡和取弃土场,因地制宜的采取相适应的恢复措施进行了方法和理论探讨。     

广西公路地质灾害智能监测系统研究

为实现智能化管理与监控预警,文章对广西干线公路典型地质灾害数据进行空间数据库建设整理,并应用ArcGIS的空间数据统一管理和组织功能,拓展系统预警和敏感性分析模型的应用范围,建立了一个比较完善的、面向公路沿线的地质灾害监测预警管理系统,为及时了解公路地质灾害的发生与发展情况、针对性地采取防治及预警对策、降低损失和保障公路安全营运提供技术支持手段.     

扎（木）墨（脱）公路病害分析与处治

文章结合扎墨简易公路便道整修工程实践,介绍了扎墨公路沿线地质的工程特性、分类以及该路线上的公路病害情况,提出了相应的病害处治措施及在扎墨公路沿线区域进行公路工程施工应注意的问题。     

Analysis of factors affecting the choice of route of pedestrians

Pedestrians as compared to vehicular traffic enjoy a high degree freedom of movement even in heavily congested areas. Consequently, there are more alternative links available to pedestrians between a given origin‐destination (O‐D) pair. This paper describes a study done by the University of Calgary to evaluate the factors affecting the choice of route on intra‐CBD trips or trips within the Central Business District (CBD).

An origin destination survey conducted in downtown Calgary, Alberta enabled the identification of the most significant factors influencing the choice. These factors were analyzed in relation to the physical characteristics of the location, personal characteristics of the trip maker and the type of the trip.

It appears that most people chose the shortest link and factors such as the level of congestion, safety or visual attractions were only secondary. This suggests that the length should be made a major consideration when planning and designing pedestrian links.     

输油管道中原油乳状液的流变性研究

原油乳状液的流变性是原油开采后在管道中输送的重要研究方面,为了更好地研究这一性质,采用电动搅拌机、偏光显微镜以及流变仪等仪器来测定不同含水率的原油乳状液在不同条件下的黏度,观测不同含水率的原油乳状液在偏光显微镜下的形态。并且分别对原油乳状液的黏度与含水率之间的关系以及与剪切速率之间的关系进行研究,初步确定了所测区块原油乳状液的转相点以及该区块原油乳状液的流变特性,为生产中的油气集输提供了理论依据。     

Preliminary results of an analysis of areas of influence in Shanghai

The main deficiency of most current modeling approaches to transportation can be identified as neglect of the integration of existing geographical knowledge in regard to the ex ante transport/land use modeling approaches, with its focus on territorial dynamics and theory development. This paper addresses this aspect of the problem by introducing a theoretical and methodological framework for the analysis of the interrelationship between land uses. The analysis attempts to determine to what extent the functional land use in a city can be considered an ordered pattern. The order sought does not rely on purely spatial configurations, but on the correlation of transportation and land use. The first section of this paper focuses on theoretical considerations. It stresses the fact that conventional approaches do not apply in the present context. It then suggests an alternative based on areas of influence and measured in terms of level of attractance of land uses. The second describes a procedure based on this alternative following the remarkable contribution of Hanjoul, Beguin and Thill. An application of this procedure to the analysis of Shanghai is then examined. Finally, an evaluation of the strategies for optimizing the interrelationship between land uses is presented. The paper concludes with a possible research agenda.     

城市轨道交通杂散电流监测系统概述

介绍了城市轨道交通工程中杂散电流不同的监测系统的构成,分析了集中式、分散式和智能型等监测系统的配置和功能,以及智能型实时在线监测系统的重要意义,为轨道交通工程杂散电流监测系统的选择与应用提供参考。     

埋地管道防腐保温层失效评价

明确埋地管道防腐保温层的技术评价标准,对埋地钢质管道的安全运行,延长管道使用寿命具有重要意义。为了对埋地管道防腐保温层做出有效评价,从间接检测与开挖检测2个方面,结合现场检测数据,提出了基于防腐保温层的电流衰减率、绝缘电阻率、质量状况与厚度的分级评价标准及基于4种评价指标的综合评判方法。工程实践表明,该评价标准对防腐保温层是否存在失效能做出有效判断。     

Applicability of disaggregate models of behaviour: A question of methodology

The paper considers the possibility of quantitative analysis of behaviour, with particular reference to travel behaviour, from a methodological standpoint. The chief conclusion is that the nature of the subject implies that disaggregate statistical analysis is the most useful technique. The relationship of this methodology to theoretical issues is discussed, concluding that general theoretical issues are not susceptible to empirical resolution. The theoretical framework essential to analysis or forecasting of behaviour must therefore be established a priori The paper concludes with a discussion of the practical problems and achievements of disaggregate analysis.     

实现多组态计量软件集中监控的可行性分析

天然气自动计量系统有多种组态软件,由于软件的不相通性,造成了计量系统数据采集的通用性差、数据传输与入库的时效性差、数据利用的可靠性低.结合各组态软件的实际情况,从设计上充分利用Oracle大数据处理能力以及Partition(分区表)的特性,实现历史数据的存储,应用WebService与COM+数据访问组件提供多层数据访问架构,采用OPC与DDE工业数据交换协议,实现了各站场计量数据的实时上传,为连续数据采集和实时监控提供了可能,节约了改造成本.     

注汽管道承压能力评估和实物试验验证

基于失效评估图技术对某注汽管道进行了承压能力评价,给出了管线在不同腐蚀壁厚情况下的极限承压能力和极限裂纹尺寸。并利用实物爆破试验验证了评价方法的安全性和有效性,通过对爆破断口进行宏观和微观分析,发现管段的开裂属于脆性开裂。     

Non-parametric analyses of efficiency of airports

This paper estimates the efficiencies and productivity changes of 12 international airports in the Asia-Pacific region based on data from 1998 to 2006. We apply stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) to compute efficiency estimates and use the Malmquist productivity index (MPI) to analyze productivity changes. We use the SFA model with a translog-type production function after testing the statistical hypotheses. According to the results of the SFA hypothesis tests, airports have experienced a technological regression; the deviations from the efficiency frontier are caused more by technical inefficiency than random noise. However, the inefficiency was found to decrease. The MPI reveals a declining trend resulting more from technological change than from efficiency change, with a decrease in inefficiency. Taken together, both the hypothesis tests and the MPI not only provide consistent conclusions, but also suggest that airports should concentrate on technological progress.     

波纹管应力分析研究进展

评述了波纹管应力理论研究方法的进展情况，围绕解析法、工程近似法和数值法，对波纹管理论研究中的一些主要成果作了较详细的回顾和总结，对各种研究方法作出了评价，展望了亟待解决的一些问题。