基于VC、ANSYS和Access的含缺陷管道安全评定系统

含缺陷管道安全评定技术研究是油气管道施工与生产管理中的一个重要内容。系统分析了油气管道主要力学条件并综合考虑管道表面体积型缺陷等影响因素,利用ANSYS有限元分析软件的二次开发功能,运用VS2005、Access、ANSYS及其APDL语言,开发了含缺陷管道安全评定系统。该系统实现了数据库管理,含任意形貌的外缺陷、内缺陷和凹痕缺陷管道的参数化建模,非线性有限元分析以及安全评定,能够对多条管线全部缺陷的单一分析、组合分析进行全自动批量处理和控制,能够用于在役管线安全评定分析,为含缺陷管线的分析研究提供了有力工具。     

含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法研究的现状与发展

含缺陷压力管道安全评定的方法较多,主要有极限载荷控制的塑性失效准则、断裂力学J积分的评定方法、英国R6双判据准则评定方法、美国ASME规范评定方法、参数不确定性缺陷的安全评定方法等.文章对这些方法加以简要的概括和评述,并分析了有些方法之间的区别与联系,同时指出工程化、可靠性和智能化是当前含缺陷压力管道安全评定方法的发展趋向.     

环焊缝含未焊透缺陷的压力管道安全评定

运用国家标准GB／T19624--2004《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》对在用含缺陷压力管道进行安全评定,在国内业界还很少开展。通过对2组环焊缝含未焊透缺陷压力管道的安全评定,提供了对在用含缺陷且载荷复杂的压力管道进行安全评定的方法和步骤,介绍了运用GB／T19624--2004对带环向未焊透缺陷压力管道进行安全评定的方法,为广泛开展在用含缺陷压力管道安全评定提供参考,以保证压力管道运行的安全性和经济性。     

铁路运营隧道衬砌安全等级的评定

为了加强铁路运营隧道专业技术管理和确保隧道运营安全,在充分总结以往研究成果的基础上,铁道部发布了<铁路运营隧道衬砌安全等级评定暂行规定>.文章阐述了制订<暂行规定>的必要性,详细介绍了<暂行规定>的主要内容及量化标准,对隧道衬砌安全等级做出了准确的评定.最后,以漳龙线、京九线的病害等级划分实例作了示范.<暂行规定>提出了"运营隧道安全状态等级评定"科学的和可操作的技术标准.     

基于物联网的中小桥梁结构安全监测系统架构研究

通过物联网技术实现中小桥梁安全状况数据采集与处理、安全状况综合评估以及桥梁安全监测实时预警,构建了基于物联网的中小桥梁结构安全监测系统,从而为中小桥梁养护管理降低难度与成本,提高中小桥梁的安全运营管理的水平和效率,并为养护决策提供依据。     

城市智能交通系统的工控系统安全风险研究

工业控制系统信息安全事关国民经济的生产与安全。文章介绍了城市ITS的工控系统构成及安全风险分析方法,并针对城市ITS的工控系统信息安全状况及安全威胁来源、种类和发生频率,从管理、技术、法律等方面对其进行安全评估与风险研究,为政府部门相关工作提供参考。     

综合

密钥与安全认证服务将覆盖行业2月7日,国家密码管理局正式发文,交通运输行业密钥管理与安全认证系统通过国家安全性审查,可以正式面向全行业提供密钥和安全认证服务。这将进一步加强交通运输行业信息化应用领域的系统安全和数据安全,提高交通运输服务和管理中各参与方身份认证的可靠性和可信性,并为不停车收费、公交一卡通、车辆和船舶跟踪与认证、物联网应用中的标识识别等提供相关服务。这套系统的开通运行和服务将为行业信息化和智能化保驾护航,为各种服务提供安全保障。     

国家标准《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》的特色和创新点综述

压力容器和压力管道的安全评定是工程性很强的综合技术。经过多年的不懈努力,以国内压力容器和压力管道的科技研究成果和工程实践经验为基础,编制了国家标准《在用含缺陷压力容器安全评定》(GB/T19624—2004)。文中简要综述了该标准的特点和创新点。该标准充分体现了技术先进性与工程实用性的有机结合,其推广应用具有重大的社会效益和经济效益。     

高速公路桥梁加固质量检验评定标准探讨

在高速公路桥梁工程建设施工的过程中,桥梁加固质量检验评定是其中重要环节之一,其与检验评定标准的符合与否会对桥梁的质量和安全造成最为直接的影响。因此,需要重视高速公路桥梁加固质量检验评定标准的研究工作,对其进行不断的完善,以便桥梁的质量和安全提供可靠的保障。鉴于此,对此评定标准的现状和问题进行详细的阐述,并对其具体的内容进行科学的研究,希望能够为相关研究人员提供一些参考与建议。     

天然气缓冲罐焊接裂纹的安全评定

根据BS7910-99<焊接结构缺陷验收评定方法指南>和<压力容器缺陷评定>,对一台天然气缓冲罐筒体焊缝中的裂纹进行了安全性评定.首先,通过超声波和X射线探伤确定了4条焊接裂纹的位置,然后根据缺陷规则化原则对焊接裂纹进行了规则化处理,得出等效裂纹值.在计算焊接裂纹应力并对比材料性能数据的前提下,以Lr为横坐标δr为纵坐标绘制了平面缺陷筛选评定失效评定图,发现所有的点均在安全区内,并且有一定的安全余量.由此评定得出,在正常操作条件下,该缓冲罐是安全的.但考虑到裂纹可能继续扩展,建议尽快更新或返修.     

Survey of R&D in PRT systems

A survey of research and development in advanced transit has been made by Chalmers University of Technology in Gothenburg in cooperation with Trans21 in Boston. Summary findings are reported for fourteen academic research programs and ten development programs for PRT. An earlier version of this paper was presented at the International Conference of PRT and other Emerging Systems held in Minneapolis in 1996.     

The Impact of Container Type Diversification on Regional British Port Development Strategies

Abstract

Despite a concentration of container traffic in the southeast of the UK over the last few decades, regional ports are attempting new development strategies to capture or retain specific traffic segments. These include intra-European short-sea traffic and a potentially increasing feeder market. These trends are reflected in the movement of different container types, which result in a number of planning challenges related to changing infrastructural and operational requirements. This paper uses highly disaggregated data on container type movements to address three issues that can inform these planning challenges. First, the imbalance of trade resulting in empty container repositioning; second, the requirement for gauge-cleared rail routes to cater for the increasing proportion of high-cube containers; and third, the specialisation of European short-sea traffic at secondary UK ports. The results reveal the disproportionate repositioning of empty containers at Scottish ports and the importance of 45?ft, high-cube and pallet-wide containers at regional ports, highlighting their focus on intra-European short-sea traffic and raising difficulties relating to their lower quality of landside infrastructure (particularly rail) in comparison to the large south-eastern ports. The potential repercussions on hinterland infrastructure development raise questions about both public and private sector responses to regional port development.     

管道风险分析指数评分法中分值调整初探

管道风险分析指数评分法中重要步骤之一就是确定影响管道事故因素的权重,各个管道风险因素在整个管道事故中所占的权重是不相同的。针对目前管道风险分析指数评分法基本假设之一（各因素的分值范围都是0～100分）,为了更加客观、准确、合理地反映各个风险因素对于管道事故的影响程度,提出并论述了依据层次分析法的数学逻辑性进行综合计算得出管道风险因素的权重,然后对评分法中各个因素的最高分值,根据其权重不同进行相应调整,从而增强评价者对风险因素的认识和评判能力,提高管道风险评价结果的准确性。     

A century of evolution of the accessibility concept

The concept of accessibility has acquired numerous meanings along multiple dimensions during the century of its evolution. This essay argues for the salience of two dimensions: application-based and definition-based. In its application, accessibility has incorporated positive and normative dimensions which have varied in prominence over time. In its definition, accessibility has varied between a mode of evaluation incorporating measured mobility and proximity, on the one hand, and a predefined market basket of urbanist improvements to transportation and land use systems, on the other. Advocates of the accessibility shift should emphasize both the measured approach to accessibility and accessibility’s normative side.     

天然气站往复式压缩机活塞失效分析

针对天然气站往复式压缩机活塞的断裂事故,运用失效分析方法,开展了活塞断口扫描电镜分析、能谱和金相分析。根据断口形貌的电镜和金相观察结果,结合理论知识,分析确定了该活塞发生断裂事故的主要原因,即在特定工况下该活塞的材料缺陷是造成断裂的主要因素。     

中国城市道路规划方位性问题研究

文章结合中国的传统建筑文化理念和现代科学原理,从历史文化、能源节约、环境保护、房地产定价、交通安全等多方面分析研究了城市道路在规划和设计时所应遵从的定向规则。     

Predicting queue variability to enable analysis of overload risk

ABSTRACT

Predicting the risk of traffic demands and delays exceeding critical limits at road junctions, airports, hospitals, etc., requires knowing how both mean and variance of queue size vary over time. Microscopic simulation can explore variability but is computationally demanding and gives only sample results. A computationally efficient approximation to the mean is used in many modelling tools, but only empirical extensions for variance in particular situations have been available. The paper derives theoretical formulae for time-dependent and equilibrium variance, believed to be novel and to apply generally to queues covered by the Pollaczek–Khinchin mean formula, and offering possible structural insights. These are applied in an extended approximation giving mutually consistent mean and variance estimates with improved accuracy. Tests on oversaturated peak demand cases are compared with Markov probabilistic simulation, demonstrating accuracy (R^2?>?0.99) for typical random, priority-like (M/M/1) and traffic-signal-like (M/D/1) queues. Implications for risk analysis, planning and policy are considered.     

Planning guidelines for metro–bus interchanges by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model

The big paradigm for cities nowadays is to study the movement of pedestrians at the interface between metro and bus systems – metro–bus interchanges. When these interchanges are not well designed, walking is inefficient and can be unsafe for pedestrians. This paper analyses, by means of a pedestrian microsimulation model, metro–bus interchange spaces in order to propose planning guidelines for the city of Santiago de Chile. Specific objectives are (1) to identify the variables that provide efficiency and safety in those spaces; (2) to simulate different scenarios using the pedestrian simulation model LEGION; (3) to propose planning and design guidelines for pedestrian spaces at metro–bus interchanges; and (4) to contrast the recommendations in the recently opened terminal station on Line 1 of Metro de Santiago: Los Dominicos Station.     

生命大过天

文章介绍了广西壮族自治区公路管理局开展专项行动,治理以桥梁为重点的交通基础设施安全隐患的情况,针对在役桥梁、在建桥梁和农村公路桥梁存在的安全隐患提出了相应的治理措施。