高锰酸盐指数影响因素研究

影响高锰酸盐指数测定结果的因素较多,导致测定结果的准确度较差。为提高高锰酸盐指数测定结果的准确性,本文对影响测定结果的三个主要因素包括取样量、加热时间和高锰酸钾标准滴定溶液的浓度进行了实验和研究。结果表明,实验过程中必须严格控制以上各实验条件,如取样量为100mL,加热时间尽量准确控制在30min,高锰酸钾标准滴定溶液的浓度控制在0.0098mol/L～0.0100mol/L之间等。     

进气压力对柴油微引燃乙醇发动机的影响

基于单缸四冲程柴油机,对在船舶上具有应用前景的柴油微引燃乙醇发动机进行燃烧、性能及排放特性研究。以所采用发动机中能实现压燃着火的最小柴油量为固定引燃柴油喷射量,比较进气压力分别为0.15 MPa和0.20 MPa的工况组,通过改变柴油喷射时刻来进行工况扫描。结果显示:进气压力更大的工况,着火滞燃期更短,燃烧持续期更长,指示热效率更低;存在两阶段着火的工况点,第一阶段放热的占比更大;进气压力增大时,氮氧化物(NOX)排放更低,但未燃碳氢(UHC)与一氧化碳(CO)排放更高。     

工业废料皂化渣加固吹填软土的研究

皂化渣是一种含有C a(OH)2的工业废弃物,目前已大量堆积未得到利用。为了给皂化渣的利用找到出路,对皂化渣加固吹填软土地基的可行性进行了研究。研究表明皂化渣土强度较高,且强度随着龄期增长,塑性指数较大,属于中压缩性土,具有良好的工程性质。以扫描电镜为手段,对皂化渣土微观结构和其强度形成机理进行了研究。重金属含量和放射性检测表明,皂化渣土满足环保要求。现场试验表明经皂化渣加固后的软土地基承载力可以满足设计要求。     

Effect of fatigue strain range on properties of high-strength structural steel

Ship hulls are built with stiffened steel plates and experience continuous fatigue load cycles when in service. Mechanical properties of the steel are expected to change due to the application of these cyclic loads. Therefore, the mechanical properties of the material at various levels of fatigue damage need to be understood. This paper presents two test series that were conducted to determine the effect of two different strain ranges (2000 and 3000 micro strains) of fatigue cycles on the mechanical properties of high-strength structural steel. The test results indicate that the cycle-dependent behaviours of the material can cause a slight increase or a significant decrease in the yield strength when compared to its virgin state. However, the ductility of the steel does not change much as the strain cycle increases.     

耙吸式挖泥船黏土耙头刀齿形态及排布方式

借助LS-DYNA数值模拟方法研究耙吸式挖泥船耙头刀齿的形态及刀齿的排布方式对挖掘过程的影响,分析不同结构耙齿的宏观切削效果和切削过程中的微观动态响应特性。结果表明:相比平齿刀具,尖齿刀具的切削阻力有所降低,切削土体的效果较好;多齿刀具在切割土块时,土体更易破碎,切削效率更高;在相同条件下,尖齿错排刀具的切削效率要强于平齿错排刀具。由此可见,实际工程中,进行耙头刀齿设计时遵循多尖齿错排的原则在一定程度上可提高耙吸式挖泥船对黏土的破碎效率。     

辽东湾典型场地吹填土性质研究

针对辽东湾地区吹填土理论研究较少的现状开展野外勘察研究,初步查明辽东湾吹填土分布特征和工程性质概况,发现吹填物源、固结时间、场地渗透条件等影响因素差异使得该地区吹填土性质多样。选定2个典型场地,通过压缩固结试验、压汞分析、扫描电镜等进一步深入分析,研究A、B两类型吹填土工程性质及微观结构特征,并结合埋深变化总结其固结规律。结果表明:A地吹填土不同埋深固结度不同,但其固结阶段相同;B地不同埋深吹填土固结度和固结阶段均不同。     

混凝法在电厂燃油净化污水处理中的应用研究

分别试用几种国产常用的絮凝剂和作者开发的复合絮凝剂（ＰＦＴ）,处理电厂燃油净化污水,并将处理结果比较分析,得出的结论是：ＰＦＴ是一种比较经济有效的絮凝剂,如还采用聚丙烯酰胺（ＰＡＭ）作助凝剂则可以取得更好的效果。该工艺具有投药量少、混凝搅拌时间短、沉降速度快、污泥含量少、出水水质好等优点。     

Analysis of unsteady flow over Offshore Wind Turbine in combination with different types of foundations

Environmental effects have an important influence on Offshore Wind Turbine (OWT) power generation efficiency and the structural stability of such turbines. In this study, we use an in-house Boundary Element (BEM)—panMARE code—to simulate the unsteady flow behavior of a full OWT with various combinations of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads in the time domain. This code is implemented to simulate potential flows for different applications and is based on a three-dimensional first-order panel method. Three different OWT configurations consisting of a generic 5 MW NREL rotor with three different types of foundations (Monopile, Tripod, and Jacket) are investigated. These three configurations are analyzed using the RANSE solver which is carried out using ANSYS CFX for validating the corresponding results. The simulations are performed under the same environmental atmospheric wind shear and rotor angular velocity, and the wave properties are wave height of 4 m and wave period of 7.16 s. In the present work, wave environmental effects were investigated firstly for the two solvers, and good agreement is achieved. Moreover, pressure distribution in each OWT case is presented, including detailed information about local flow fields. The time history of the forces at inflow direction and its moments around the mudline at each OWT part are presented in a dimensionless form with respect to the mean value of the last three loads and the moment amplitudes obtained from the BEM code, where the contribution of rotor force is lower in the tripod case and higher in the jacket case and the calculated hydrodynamic load that effect on jacket foundation type is lower than other two cases.     

温度对空心薄壁高墩稳定性影响研究

以内蒙古G209线贾家湾大桥空心薄壁高墩为例,采用大型有限元软件MIDAS建立了有限元模型,并对其进行了4种不同温度工况下的线弹性和几何非线性稳定性分析,得到了考虑几何非线性影响的稳定性分析结果比线弹性情况低,且同一温度荷载作用下高墩的顺桥向较横桥向更容易失稳,故施工中有必要增加贾家湾大桥顺桥向的刚度。     

降低FPSO含裂纹焊接结构应力集中系数的焊接修理形状的研究

对焊缝处出现的裂纹进行焊接修理,以阻止其进一步的扩展,这一方法能够有效地延长FPSO焊接结构的疲劳寿命.考虑到应力集中而造成的疲劳寿命的降低,要谨慎选取焊接修理所采用的形状和尺寸,避免产生过高的应力集中.在本文中,研究了不同几何形状和尺寸的二维焊接修理切口的应力集中系数,如抛物线型和椭圆型等,并与相类似尺寸的U型切口进行了比较.当切口的表面半宽长于其深度时,椭圆型的裂纹修理切口具有更低的应力集中系数.将椭圆型的焊接修理形状用于补板与纵骨的连接处,以计算进行焊接修理消除裂纹后结构的最大主应力.结果表明,在消除产生的裂纹以后,含焊接修理切口的结构可以恢复到初始的应力状态.     

船舶控制设备用微连接器激光软钎焊电路设计

针对在船舶控制设备用微连接器手工焊接中出现的焊接质量问题,利用精密恒流技术与温度控制技术的功能,设计基于STC15W4K单片机控制的激光器软钎焊硬件电路系统,通过精密恒流驱动技术及半导体制冷技术,实现微连接器引脚与排线的准确焊接,试验结果表明,可实现微连接器的软钎焊自动焊接功能,提高焊接质量,提升生产效率.     

A simplified life estimation method for the spherical hull of deep manned submersibles

Creep and fatigue are involved in the loading of deep manned submersible, which is a rather complex variable amplitude pattern. Dwell effects resulting in lower life than pure fatigue are observed in the prior experimental research while no proper prediction methods are available to explain the phenomenon. Recently, the authors proposed a modified crack growth rate model to explain the creep effect under the cyclic loading which is validated for the crack growth of some titanium alloys under cyclic creep loading, however, its application is restricted to the condition where lots of parameters have to be determined based on many experiments and it is not very convenient in the material selection and primary design stage of a component. In this paper, a simplified prediction model for the load pattern of constant amplitude cyclic loading is proposed aiming at one of the most applicable materials for the pressure hull of submersibles, Ti–6Al–4V ELI. The method can be easily used to estimate the life of the pressure hull based on two series of basic mechanical properties of the material and validated by the modified crack growth rate model with parameters determined by large amounts of experimental data.     

过渡型艇微气泡减阻喷缝尺度影响数值计算(英文)

针对一优良过渡型艇,为喷气需要进行船底断阶,采用有限体积法、SIMPLEC算法和k-ε两方程湍流模型,不计自由面影响,计及气泡与水的相对运动,数值求解包含气液两相流的雷诺平均控制方程组。获得不同喷缝宽度、不同傅汝德数和相对喷气速度下的船舶的阻力特性和气泡浓度分布规律并与模型实验结果进行对比分析。结果显示:在获得高减阻率条件下,Cn随Fr增加而呈非线性增加,当Fr=0.779时,Cn达到最大值;在获得25%减阻率的条件下,Fr=0.973时相对喷缝宽度为0.112所需喷气量最小即喷气所消耗功率最小。计算结果可为高速气泡船喷缝参数设计提供参考。     

Variability of snow and ice thermal, physical and optical properties pertinent to sea ice algae biomass during spring

Changes in the thermal, physical and optical properties of the snow–sea ice system and feedbacks between various temporal and spatial scales affect accumulation of microalgae at the sea ice bottom and are the focus of this research. During the spring transition period, May 4 to June 9, 2002, we closely monitored atmospheric conditions and properties of the snow–sea ice system, including thermal, physical and optical properties of the snow cover (e.g., temperature, grain size, light attenuation), ice thickness and salinity, and biomass of bottom ice algae. Results show that snowdrift size averaged 31.2 by 10.6 m with a depth range of 2 to 45 cm. Snowpacks also varied in age, distinguished by coincident peaks of snow salinity and grain size and a lower PAR extinction coefficient. Spatial variability of the snowpack was superimposed by temporal variability associated with seasonal snow–ice melt and wind redistribution of snow. Maximum biomass of ice algae was observed under intermediate snow covers. Under thin snow covers, algae biomass declined steadily coincident with seasonal warming and desalination of the ice cover. Under thick snow covers, algae biomass was negatively correlated with snow depth. These results suggest that thin snow covers were associated with a thermal effect causing sloughing of algae, whereas under deep snow, algae were still light limited and thermally insulated from the warming atmosphere. Our results highlight the importance of snow cover history on the sea ice system operating below. Furthermore, in the context of current climate change scenarios, shifts in snow depth would result in decreases of ice algae biomass.     

沙溪口水电站船闸下引航道口门区通航水流条件研究

船闸引航道口门区水流条件的好坏直接关系到船舶进出船闸的安全。针对沙溪口水电站船闸引航道口门区水流条件差、水深不足、横流较大等问题,建立电站河段整体物理模型,并结合船模航行试验,对船闸下引航道口门区通航水流条件进行试验研究,并提出优化工程方案。优化方案2试验表明:通过筑坝、新建明渠和底部透空式隔流堤工程,下引航道口门区通航水流条件得到明显改善,通航水流条件基本满足规范要求。船模航行试验验证船舶可以安全平稳地通过口门区,且船舶操纵参数均在要求范围以内。     

基于MEMS的GPS/SINS组合导航技术发展现状

对比了GPS、捷联式惯导系统、微电子机械系统(MEMS)惯性传感器各自的优缺点.针对目前以惯性技术为基础的组合导航系统得到了重视和发展,介绍了基于MEMS的GPS/捷联式惯导组合过程中存在的各种技术问题和解决这些技术难题的技术途径.     

钴的氧化物对氧烛药块分解的催化机理研究

氧烛是一种使用方便、贮存容易、安全可靠的氧源。本文选用化学试剂Co2O3、Co3O4与自制催化剂CoOx作为氧烛药块分解的催化剂。通过性能试验得出,只有自制催化剂CoOx能使氧烛药块完全分解。并通过比表面积(BET)、透射电子显微镜(TEM)、X射线粉末衍射(XRD)和X光电子能谱(XPS)等手段对各催化剂的组成、物相和形貌及颗粒度的表征,分析了自制催化剂能有效降低氧烛药块分解温度的原因。     

橡胶-碳纤维复合水润滑轴承材料的研究

为探究橡胶-碳纤维复合橡胶水润滑轴承材料的摩擦学性能,在SSB-100型船舶艉轴承试验机上,对复合橡胶轴承材料和普通橡胶轴承材料进行台架上的摩擦、磨损试验结果表明：复合橡胶轴承材料的力学性能、摩擦、磨损性能均优于普通橡胶,即碳纤维的加入可以改善普通水润滑橡胶轴承的综合性能。     

采用微气泡缩减高速船拖曳阻力(英文)

Ship hull form of the underwater area strongly influences the resistance of the ship.The major factor in ship resistance is skin friction resistance.Bulbous bows,polymer paint,water repellent paint(highly water-repellent wall),air injection,and specific roughness have been used by researchers as an attempt to obtain the resistance reduction and operation efficiency of ships.Micro-bubble injection is a promising technique for lowering frictional resistance.The injected air bubbles are supposed to somehow modify the energy inside the turbulent boundary layer and thereby lower the skin friction.The purpose of this study was to identify the effect of injected micro bubbles on a navy fast patrol boat(FPB) 57 m type model with the following main dimensions:L=2 450 mm,B=400 mm,and T=190 mm.The influence of the location of micro bubble injection and bubble velocity was also investigated.The ship model was pulled by an electric motor whose speed could be varied and adjusted.The ship model resistance was precisely measured by a load cell transducer.Comparison of ship resistance with and without micro-bubble injection was shown on a graph as a function of the drag coefficient and Froude number.It was shown that micro bubble injection behind the mid-ship is the best location to achieve the most effective drag reduction,and the drag reduction caused by the micro-bubbles can reach 6%-9%.     

小区生活污水回用技术与策略

概述了小区中水处理站的常用工艺流程,详细介绍了以生物接触氧化为主体的中水回用工艺,该工艺出水经过消毒处理即可达到中水回用的标准,为小区污水处理及回用提供了一种可供选择的工艺及配套设备。