Analysis of bus rollover protection under legislated standards using LS-DYNA software simulation techniques

A bus rollover is one of the worst vehicle accidents that can occur. Because of the large numbers of passengers, the casualties in a bus rollover are often high and severe. The compliance with rollover safety standards for buses and coaches is mandated by law. This paper presents a comparative analysis of the physical meanings of regulation number 66 of the Economic Commission for Europe (ECE R66) and standard number 220 of the American Federal Motor Vehicle Safety Standards (FMVSS 220). This comparison was carried out using a LS-DYNA finite-element analysis. After performing a comparative analysis following ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 assessments, the investigation further demonstrated the distortion configuration of the vehicle superstructure through the absorbed energy and its distribution over the vehicle and in sections of vehicle superstructure as well as the violation of the passenger compartment under the rollover testing conditions of both ECE R66 and FMVSS 220. Great differences were found between ECE R66 and FMVSS 220 in distortion configuration, reflecting differences in capability and rollover testing conditions. These findings provide a means of evaluating bus superstructure strength and provide guidelines useful in the assessment of regulations applied to the evaluation of bus rollover strength.     

大客车翻滚安全性有限元分析

利用LS-DYNA软件建立了包括前、后蒙皮和挡风玻璃且以壳单元为主的整车有限元模型,以及翻转平台、撞击面和乘员生存空间有限元模型。分别进行了左翻和右翻两种情况的数值模拟计算。结果表明,该客车车身骨架和生存空间没有发生相互穿透,其翻滚安全性符合ECER66法规中的规定。     

客车蒙皮对侧翻碰撞仿真结果的影响

参照ECE/R66法规和我国GB/T17578-1998法规中的相关试验要求,建立了某6120型高床大客车车身骨架有限元模型和带蒙皮的整车车身有限元模型,通过车身立柱变形量和能量吸收情况两项指标,对比分析客车蒙皮对侧翻碰撞仿真分析结果的影响程度.仿真分析结果表明:客车蒙皮在侧翻碰撞仿真分析中对车身前后端立柱的变形量影响...     

Optimization of bus rollover strength by consideration of the energy absorption ability

Buses are an integral part of the national transportation system of each country. A rollover event is one of the most important hazards that concerns the safety of the passengers and the crew in a bus. In the past, it was observed after the accident that the deforming superstructure seriously threatens the lives of the passengers. Thus, the stiffness of the bus frame is the first thing that needs to be considered. The unfortunate side of strengthening the bus superstructure is that it usually causes the bus weight to increase. This paper presents an efficient and robust analysis method with which to design the bus superstructure for a reduction in occupant injuries from rollover accidents while the weight of the strengthened bus is maintained at the same level. First, the absorbed energy of the bus frame and its components during a rollover were investigated by using a LS-DYNA numerical study. The highest energy absorption region, which is the side section of the bus frame, was found and focused on for the investigation of a means to re-distribute the energy-absorption ability of the side frame component. Then the thickness parameters that were obtained from the re-distribution of the energy-absorption ability were used in the analysis to optimize the design. Finally, a prototype of the bus with a reasonable thickness for the window pillars and the side wall bars, which was based on the optimized parameters, was verified to ensure it satisfied ECE R66. In this paper, an effective usage of materials and an efficient and robust analysis method were presented to design the bus superstructure. Although the optimization process for increasing the stiffness is simple, this study improves the upper displacement by 39.9% and the lower displacement by 49.3% (versus the bus survivor space) while maintaining the bus weight at the existing level.     

基于车身段的客车侧翻仿真的研究

建立某大型客车车身段模型,依据ECER66进行车身段侧翻仿真,分析了乘员生存空间的侵入情况和加速度变化情况,并提出有效的改进措施。     

基于ECER66法规的某大客车上部结构强度

以某全承载大客车作为研究对象,应用有限元分析理论,建构了客车有限元模型和客车上部结构强度的数值模拟研究环境.根据ECE R66的等效认证方法,进行了整车质心位置计算以及车体截段实车侧翻试验,评价了其上部结构的变形及其侵入乘员生存空间的状况.将车体截段试验结果与数值仿真结果对比,研究发现两者具有较好一致性.在此基础上,研...     

客车侧倾及侧翻安全性综合评价方法

对客车侧倾及侧翻的试验及评价方法进行介绍和分析,在此基础上提出一种主被动安全综合评价方法,为企业进行客车安全性的设计和评价提供参考。     

顶盖挤压的试验法规及有限元分析

在翻滚事故中,车辆的主要承载件是车顶及其支承结构。只有这些结构有足够的刚度才能保证翻滚事故中乘员必要的生存空间。我国将颁布顶盖挤压标准,对车顸刚度及检测方法提出要求。本文通过有限元分析法进行预测,物理实验结果表明,该方法是可行的。     

Load Transfer Analysis of a Bus Bay Section Under Standard Rollover Test Using <Emphasis Type="Italic">U</Emphasis>*<Subscript>M</Subscript> Index

Bus rollover accidents are receiving increasing attention due to the associated high fatality rate. In order to improve the bus structural performance during the rollover collision, it is necessary to investigate how the impact force is transferred within the bus superstructure. This paper introduced a method for studying the load transfer behavior of the bus superstructure during the standard rollover test by using the U * _M index. A bus bay section was used as the sample structure to demonstrate the proposed method. The result of the paper reveals that the load transfer analysis based on the U * _M index can provide engineers with the insight of the structural issues and the direction to improve the structural performance, which cannot be accomplished through the conventional finite element analysis.     

多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性能动态测试方法研究

对比分析了国内外车辆侧翻稳定性相关的标准法规的基本情况。研究了车辆发生侧翻的类型和机理,基于侧向加速度判断车辆侧翻状态的方法,通过整车道路试验对比了正弦停滞试验和鱼钩试验诱导车辆发生侧翻的效果,初步探讨了多用途乘用车侧翻稳定性动态测试方法和评价指标,为国内车辆侧翻稳定系统的开发和测评标准的制定提供了参考。     

乘用车顶部抗压强度试验及发展趋势

由于交通事故中侧滚翻事故的死亡率非常高,为达到车辆发生侧翻时对乘员的保护,充分考虑我国国情,2011年1月14日,我国正式发布GB26134--2010《乘用车项部抗压强度》国家强制性标准,明确对车身强度试验的准备和实施过程及要求,文章以标准规定的试验方法为主要内容,详细介绍了试验的准备和实施过程,并结合美国联邦机动车法规FMVSS216a提出了汽车顶部抗压强度法规的发展趋势。     

客车上部结构强度出口认证检测

对客车倾翻试验出口认证法规进行介绍；结合丰富的出口认证检测经验，为客车厂家进行倾翻试验提供参考；提出客车倾翻试验仿真分析的必要性。     

蒙皮对客车侧面碰撞仿真精度的影响

建立某大客车无蒙皮的客车骨架有限元模型和附带侧围及顶盖蒙皮的有限元模型,对该车与货车的侧面碰撞进行仿真分析.结果表明,在客车侧面碰撞过程中,蒙皮起到了加强整车结构耐撞性和缓冲吸收部分碰撞能量的作用.因此,为提高客车侧面碰撞仿真结果的精确度和可信度,不应忽略蒙皮的影响.     

Variable Cross-Section Rectangular Beam and Sensitivity Analysis for Lightweight Design of Bus Frame

Timoshenko beam element of variable cross-section rectangular tube is developed and applied in the lightweight design of bus frame in this paper. Firstly, the finite element formulations of variable cross-section beam (VCB) are derived under the loadsteps of axial deformation, torsional deformation and bending deformation. Secondly, bending deformation experiment and its detailed shell finite element model (FEM) simulation of variable cross-section rectangular tube were conducted; and the proposed VCB, detailed shell FEM and experimental results can be highly consistent. Thirdly, VCBs are used to substitute for parts of the uniform ones in a bus frame. An innovatively lightweight bus frame is obtained and all the performance responses are improved simultaneously. Finally, rollover analysis further shows the advantage of variable cross-section bus frame in crashworthiness design.     

微型客车抗撞性改进的计算机仿真

在提出了微型客车抗撞性评价参数之后，结合微型客车抗撞性改进的具体实例进行了微型客车正面碰撞的计算机仿真。经试验验证表明，改进后的微型客车能够达到CMVDR294规定的正面碰撞乘员保护性能要求。     

Measurement of roof deformation caused by vehicle rollover

A vehicle rollover is a critical accident that could have many causes. This paper describes a novel vision-based system for measuring vehicle roof deformation due to a rollover accident. A vision-based measurement system offers an overall view of structural deformation simply at low cost. Our measurement system was constructed using a Kinect camera from Microsoft, a battery, and a remote-controlled recording computer. Color images and distance maps can be obtained using two sensors embedded in the Kinect along with customized software, and the distance from the camera lens to a specific object can be calculated with a simple equation. To test our proposed approach, actual vehicle rollover experiments were conducted and the resulting roof deformations were compared to those indicated by our system. Moreover, cross-sectional image of Apillar was analyzed to calculate bending moment of inertia. From the research results, it was able to show that deformation errors were within 13 mm, and roof deformation was correlated with vehicle type, or vehicle curb weight.     

客车车身侧翻刚度仿真研究

建立客车骨架的有限元模型,依照ECE R66法规,使用LS-DYNA软件对其进行侧翻仿真分析.在此基础上,分别改变客车顶盖、侧围和前后围的材料,并再次进行仿真计算.对比仿真结果发现.增强前后围刚度可有效提高整车的侧翻刚度.     

Bus mathematical model of acceleration threshold limit estimation in lateral rollover test

Vehicle safety is a major concerns for researchers, governments and vehicle manufacturers, and therefore a special attention is paid to it. Particularly, rollover is one of the types of accidents where researchers have focused due to the gravity of injuries and the social impact it generates. One of the parameters that define bus lateral behaviour is the acceleration threshold limit, which is defined as the lateral acceleration from which the rollover process begins to take place. This parameter can be obtained by means of a lateral rollover platform test or estimated by means of mathematical models. In this paper, the differences between these methods are deeply analysed, and a new mathematical model is proposed to estimate the acceleration threshold limit in the lateral rollover test. The proposed model simulates the lateral rollover test, and, for the first time, it includes the effect of a variable position of the centre of gravity. Finally, the maximum speed at which the bus can travel in a bend without rolling over is computed.     

某重型货车驾驶室侧翻碰撞仿真分析

通过对比分析ECE R29碰撞法规、瑞典国家碰撞法规和OICA修改意见,参考ECE R66法规中侧翻安全性的试验方法,建立了某款重型货车驾驶室有限元分析模型,并进行计算机模拟侧翻试验,验证其侧翻安全性并找出结构的薄弱环节.根据侧翻仿真分析试验结果提出了结构改进建议,以减轻在侧翻事故中货车驾驶室内乘员所受到的伤害.     

Effect of tumble-home on roof strength of a vehicle

This study reports on the effect of vehicle tumble-home (side body inclination) on roof strength. The steep inclination of the side body of a vehicle increases its roof strength. Comprehensive analysis of the impact of high roof strength driven by the steep inclination on dynamic roof strength in rollover is described. Here, we have developed a numerical model using the ADAMS, which is capable of characterizing both of the static and the dynamic roof strength. According to the FMVSS 216 protocol, we achieve the strength to weight ratio (SWR; static roof strength) by applying loading plates to the roof of a vehicle. The Controlled Rollover Impact System (CRIS) allows us to quantitatively characterize the displacements of the top end of A-pillar and B-pillar, thus determining the dynamic roof strength by comparing the results. We demonstrated that the roof intrusion was one of the most critical causes which lead to injuries of occupants fastening seat belts. Our analysis revealed that the increase of the side body inclination of vehicles enhanced the static roof strength whereas it could not reduce the roof displacement (intrusion) in the dynamic rollover.