鹰式波浪能发电装置外形优化设计

鹰式波浪能发电装置的外形对提高俘获效率有重要影响.该装置由鹰式吸波浮体、半潜驳载体和液压式能量转换系统这3部分组成.论文对半潜驳载体设计了4种外形方案,通过力学分析,建立运动方程,并开展了不同海况下的数值计算,获得各个方案下装置的最优俘获宽度比和能量转换系统阻尼.研究结果表明,根据鹰式波浪能发电装置投放地点珠海万山海域...     

鹰式装置“万山号”总体设计概述

100kW鹰式波浪能发电装置工程样机“万山号”为一基多体式设计,四个鹰式吸波浮体共享水下附体、能量转换系统及锚泊系统。通过一系列模型试验,获得最优负载。根据模型试验结果,确定了实海况装置的出力参数。为稳定地获得标准电力与试验数据,设计了涵盖蓄能、发电、变电模块、电气监控模块、电源模块、浮态监控模块和岸基模块等多个模块的电气系统。通过锚泊系统计算与分析,确定了锚泊系统的选型参数。     

“鹰式一号”波浪能发电装置研究

为了在波浪能流密度较低的中国海域开发利用波浪能,研发了具有半潜驳特征的鹰式波浪能转换装置。以成功实现了在实海况条件下的稳定运行的"鹰式一号"波浪能发电装置为实例,首先分别介绍了装置总体的三个组成部分,并指出了各部分的设计要点;其次,阐述了能量转换系统研究重点转换原理、液压自治控制器的功能;再次,通过对比传统锚泊系统与装置采用的蓄能型锚泊系统,表明后者可有效地避免锚链断裂和走锚;最后,展示了实海况试验的图片资料,分析了大量试验数据,结果表明,"鹰式一号"波浪能发电装置实现了将高频不稳定的波浪能转换为相对稳定的电能的目标。     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能的影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。通过对计算结果进行分析,发现在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave 型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。上述研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了新的参考和思路。     

含机械整流动力输出之多自由度波能转换装置的水动力性能

为提高波能俘获效率，提出了一种由固定平台、垂直轴对称浮体、管状结构和三个动力输出（PTO）机构组成的多自由度波能转换装置，其中管状结构与固定平台之间采用万向接头连接，浮体与管状结构间采用运动导向机构连接使两者具有相同的纵摇和横摇运动，浮体沿管状结构滑动的能量俘获采用机械整流PTO系统使与之连接的发电机实现单向旋转，其余两个PTO安装在铰接轴处；利用势流理论建立了该装置水动力分析的时域计算模型，其中静水力和Froude-Krylov力采用沿浮体静浮时湿表面积分的线性和沿瞬时湿表面积分的非线性两种方法分别计算；为考虑可能出现的大幅纵/横摇运动的影响，垂向机械整流PTO负载力分解到纵荡、横荡和垂荡方向时不作线性化处理；分析了随浪规则波作用下，波高、垂向PTO和纵摇PTO阻尼系数的影响。结果表明：在相同参数下采用非线性方法所得垂向PTO的波能浮获效率及装置总效率均小于线性方法所得结果，而纵摇PTO的波能浮获效率则大于线性方法结果；波高越大，两种方法所得结果之间的差值越大。     

极浅水多体波浪能发电装置锚泊系统设计

采用三维势流理论对多体波浪能发电装置进行频域水动力计算,分析极浅水效应和多体间相互作用对单体发电装置的水动力性能影响。利用Orcaflex软件建立多体波浪能发电装置数值模型,浮体间采用铰接进行连接,并利用弹簧单元模拟发电液压缸的弹性阻尼作用。为极浅水多体波浪能发电装置设计合理的锚泊方案,采用时域动态耦合方法进行分析,同时考虑极浅水效应、多体影响和二阶低频力,根据API规范对自存工况下的锚泊缆强度进行校核,并对确定选用的锚泊方案进行敏感性分析。分析计算结果发现:在进行浅水多浮体锚泊设计时,低频波浪载荷、多体相互作用和海底摩擦不可忽视;对于极浅水的锚泊系统设计,Lazy wave型锚泊形式优于传统悬链线式锚泊。研究工作为近海极浅水海域新型海洋能发电装置锚泊系统的设计提供了参考和新思路。     

波浪能发电装置水叶轮设计及试验

针对一种海洋波浪能轴流式叶轮波浪能发电装置,结合我国近海波浪特点,对该装置的叶轮进行结构设计、优化选型和实验验证。该海洋波浪能轴流式叶轮波浪能发电装置以水叶轮作为唯一的波浪能转化装置,能量转化效率是影响发电的重要因素。根据浮标的运动状态,结合我国近海水纹特征,得出不同设计参数下叶轮的轴向力、扭矩、相对出口压力、能量损失系数等关键数据。这些数据为制造样机提供力学及能量转化效率方面的指导作用。     

多自由度轴对称型波能转换装置水动力性能研究

提出了由垂直轴对称浮体和铰接动力输出(PTO)管组成的多自由度波能转换装置,垂向动力输出机构安装在PTO管内,在波浪作用下浮体可沿PTO管滑动。应用线性势流理论建立该波能转换装置的水动力分析模型,并简化为浮体垂荡、浮体及PTO管相对于铰接点的纵摇和横摇3个单自由度运动方程。为了验证计算模型的正确性,在随浪工况下将各单自由度频域计算结果与基于AQWA-NAUT时域计算结果进行了比较。点吸收装置通常利用海浪作用下浮体相对于固定框架或水下物体的垂荡运动获取能量,其能量俘获带宽相对较窄,而论文提出的新型波能转换装置可俘获浮体多个自由度方向的能量。研究表明,相对于垂荡单自由度点吸收装置,新型多自由度轴对称型波能转换装置可提高波能俘获效率及能量俘获带宽。     

波浪能滑翔机理论和数值计算研究现状

波浪能滑翔机是一款基于波浪能驱动的自主海洋移动监测平台,将波浪作用于海面浮体的升沉运动转化为前进运动,可实时、大范围、长时间完成不同海况下的海洋监测.文中首先介绍波浪能滑翔机的结构组成、运动原理以及在海洋观测中的应用,接着主要论述近年来国内外波浪能滑翔机理论和数值计算研究内容,并基于国内外波浪能滑翔机多体系统动力学和水动力学研究现状的分析,提出我国在波浪能滑翔机水动力方面存在的不足及其今后重点研究的建议.     

多浮体铰接薄板结构运动响应研究

应用Newman的广义运动模态分解方法和拉格朗日乘子法,基于波浪辐射和绕射理论建立了铰接多浮体结构水动力响应的运动方程,应用预修正快速傅里叶变换(p FFT)的边界元方法对由15块板组成的铰接多浮体结构的运动响应进行了研究。数值结果表明该p FFT方法计算精度和计算速度均很高,可用于任意形状和约束状态的多体结构的水动力分析。板间距的改变对铰接点处垂荡和横摇影响较大。     

Bottom slamming on heaving point absorber wave energy devices

Oscillating point absorber buoys may rise out of the water and be subjected to bottom slamming upon re-entering the water. Numerical simulations are performed to estimate the power absorption, the impact velocities and the corresponding slamming forces for various slamming constraints. Three buoy shapes are considered: a hemisphere and two conical shapes with deadrise angles of 30° and 45°, with a waterline diameter of 5 m. The simulations indicate that the risk of rising out of the water is largely dependent on the buoy draft and sea state. Although associated with power losses, emergence occurrence probabilities can be significantly reduced by adapting the control parameters. The magnitude of the slamming load is severely influenced by the buoy shape. The ratio between the peak impact load on the hemisphere and that on the 45° cone is approximately 2, whereas the power absorption is only 4–8% higher for the 45° cone. This work illustrates the need to include slamming considerations aside from power absorption criteria in the buoy shape design process and the control strategy.     

Initial results from long-term measurements of atmospheric humidity and related parameters in the marine boundary layer at two locations in the Gulf of Mexico

Measurements of boundary layer moisture have been acquired from Rotronic MP-100 sensors deployed on two NDBC buoys in the northern Gulf of Mexico from June through November 1993. For one sensor, which was retrieved approximately 8 months after deployment, the post- and precalibrations agreed closely and fell well within WMO specifications for accuracy. The second sensor operated continuously from June 1993 to February 1997 (3.5 years). Buoy observations of relative humidity and supporting data were used to calculate specific humidity and the surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat. Specific humidities from the buoys were compared with observations of moisture obtained from nearby ship reports, and the correlations were generally high (0.7–0.9). Surface gravity wave spectra were also acquired. The time series of specific humidity and the other buoy parameters revealed three primary scales of variability, small (h), synoptic (days), and seasonal (months). The synoptic variability was clearly dominant and occurred primarily during September, October, and November. Most of the synoptic variability was due to frontal systems that dropped down into the Gulf of Mexico from the continental US followed by air masses which were cold and dry. Cross-correlation analyses of the buoy data indicated that: (1) the moisture field was highly coherent over distances of 800 km or more in the northern Gulf of Mexico; and (2) both specific humidity and air temperature served as tracers of the motion associated with propagating atmospheric disturbances. These correlation analyses also revealed that the prevailing weather systems generally entered the buoy domain from the South prior to September, but primarily from the North thereafter. Spectra of the various buoy parameters indicated strong diurnal and semidiurnal variability for barometric pressure and sea surface temperature (SST) and lesser variability for air temperature, wind speed and significant wave height. The surface fluxes of latent and sensible heat were dominated by the synoptic events which took place from September through November with the transfer of latent heat being primarily from the ocean to the atmosphere. Finally, an analysis of the surface wave observations from each buoy, which included calculations of wave age and estimates of surface roughness, indicate that major heat and moisture flux events coincide with periods of active wave growth, although the data were insufficient to identify any causal relationships.     

海漂型浮标干扰设备

对国外常规使用的海漂型声呐探潜浮标特征、参数及工作方式进行了介绍,分析了海漂型声呐探潜浮标干扰机的干扰途径、作用范围及工作原理,并依据最佳性价比的原则给出了一种海漂型浮标干扰设备的原理设计.     

Validation of a dynamic mooring model coupled with a RANS solver

Standard design procedures and simulation tools for marine structures are aimed primarily for use by the offshore oil and gas. Mooring system restoring forces acting on floating offshore structures are obtained from a quasi-static mooring model alone or from a coupled analysis based on potential flow solvers that do not always consider nonlinear mooring-induced restoring forces, fluid structure interactions, and associated hydrodynamic damping effects. This paper presents the validation of a dynamic mooring system analysis technique that couples the dynamic mooring model with a Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) equations solver. We coupled a dynamic mooring model with a RANS equations solver, and analyzed a moored floating buoy in calm water, regular and irregular waves and validated our motion and mooring force predictions against experimental measurements. The mooring system consisted of three catenary chains. The analyzed response comprised decaying oscillating buoy motions, linear and quadratic damping characteristics, and tensile forces in mooring lines. The generally favorable comparison of predicted buoy motions and mooring forces to experimental data confirmed the reliability of our implemented coupling technique to predict system response. Additional comparative results from a potential flow solver demonstrated the benefits of the coupled dynamic mooring model with RANS equations. The successful validated tool of coupling the dynamic mooring model with the RANS solver is available as open source, and it shows the potential of the coupled methodology to be used for analyzing the moored offshore structures.     

海上导航浮标的远程监测

介绍新近研发的海上导航浮标(以下简称航标)信息的远程监测系统的软硬件设计整体方案。海上航标与陆上控制中心之间的信息交换以GSM方式实现。本系统可以监测航标的经纬度、电气参数和日光阀，判断航标是否被撞等。另外，控制中心也可以设置航标闪烁频率、航标灯的开或关及GSM工作方式等。整个系统经海上现场调试运行，证明是可行的。     

基于AQWA的波浪能发电装置主浮体水动力特性研究

利用水动力计算软件AQWA对双浮体式振荡浮子波浪能发电装置主浮体进行仿真分析,对不同尺寸垂荡板的主浮体进行建模仿真,并就各自RAOs、激振力、附加阻尼和附加质量进行频域分析。结果表明,在波浪频率低于0.3 Hz时,垂荡板尺寸对其影响尤为明显;当波浪频率分别大于0.2 Hz、0.36 Hz和0.35 Hz时,垂荡板尺寸分别对RAOs、激振力和附加阻尼失去影响;对于同一吃水线、不同垂荡板尺寸的主浮体,波浪频率对其附加质量有较大影响,且垂荡板尺寸越大影响越严重。     

Assimilation of buoy and satellite data in wave forecasts with integral control variables

The quality of numerical wave forecasts can be improved significantly by assimilating wave observations prior to the forecast. In the present study a technique for such assimilation is developed that exploits (a) the efficiency of a limited number of integral control variables, and (b) the effectiveness of variational (model-consistent) assimilation. The formal procedure is independent of the type of control variables and of the wave model (moreover, no adjoint wave model is required). In the present study, integral control variables are chosen to represent large-scale errors in the driving wind fields and uncertainties in the wave model. The assimilation technique is validated with observations of the ERS-1 satellite altimeter and two waverider buoys in two consecutive storms in the Norwegian Sea. The assimilation of the observations reduced the errors in the forecasted significant wave height at the buoy locations typically from 25% to 12%. For low-frequency waves the effect of the assimilation is similarly significant at one buoy location but marginal at the other buoy location.     

DGPS在港口浮标监测管理中的应用设计

全球定位系统ＧＰＳ的应用是近年来卫星导航的热门课题，尤其在船舶导航和港口助航设施的监测管理上更显突出。本文通过对差分ＧＰＳ应用于港口浮标监测管理系统作一详细分析探讨，对系统的设计、数据调制、解调器给出了详尽的参数选择表达式、对浮标系统和岸基准台的设计给出了全面的系统网络结构示意图，同时给出了详细的软件流程图。