船用复合材料螺旋桨水动力性能影响因素研究

采用流固耦合算法,就材料特性、纤维方向、桨叶侧斜和负荷大小对复合材料螺旋桨水动力性能的影响展开数值计算研究。研究结果表明,当材料的平面剪切模量较低、或桨叶侧斜角度较大、或桨叶负荷较大(低进速系数或者高转速)时,桨叶的扭转变形量及水动力变化较大。纤维方向显著影响复合材料螺旋桨的流固耦合性能。直接改变桨叶材料、纤维方向或侧斜角度时,复合材料螺旋桨在大部分工况下的敞水效率均低于具有同样几何形状的金属螺旋桨,其水弹性效率的提升有赖于更完备的设计方法。     

基于流固耦合相互作用的复合材料螺旋桨性能研究

开展复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合相互作用分析,为复合材料螺旋桨设计提供思路,有利于进一步提高螺旋桨的性能。文章进行了螺旋桨二维弹性剖面静力学分析,进而对不同几何复合材料桨叶的流固耦合作用特性做了数值计算比较研究,在此基础上,通过与对应的刚性螺旋桨的比较计算分析,研究了在多工况下的复合材料螺旋桨水动力性能影响,探索了在来流变化过程中复合材料螺旋桨的振动性能。文中研究得出了一些有意义的结论,为复合材料螺旋桨设计及应用奠定了基础。     

弹性螺旋桨流固耦合振动特性分析

[目的]研究弹性螺旋桨在水流中的振动响应特性。[方法]基于CFD/FEM流固耦合方法,利用Workbench平台中的ANSYS-CFX模块对螺旋桨进行双向流固耦合水动力求解,分析弹性螺旋桨变形及应力应变响应特性;考虑到流固耦合对固有特性的影响,利用ACT_Acoustic模块计算桨叶湿模态,结合弹性螺旋桨固有特性和流固耦合水动力结果进行弹性螺旋桨频谱分析。[结果]流固耦合水动力结果相较不考虑流固耦合的定常计算结果更接近试验回归曲线;与干模态相比,弹性螺旋桨前5阶湿模态固有频率减小19%～37%,且四阶和五阶干湿模态振型存在交错情况。频谱分析结果表明,水动力轴向推力和扭矩是弹性螺旋桨在流场中振动响应的主要影响因素,且主要引起弹性螺旋桨的一阶湿模态悬臂振动;桨叶面上,从叶梢处到导边和叶中部分,再到随边部分,最后到叶根处,结构响应逐渐降低。[结论]所做研究可为弹性螺旋桨流固耦合计算分析提供方法途径,也为螺旋桨流固耦合振动噪声分析打下了一定基础。     

复合材料螺旋桨双向流固耦合计算

为研究复合材料对螺旋桨水动力性能和结构特性的影响,在Workbench平台上,采用基于粘性流理论的计算流体力学方法与有限元软件实现流体载荷与结构变形的双向耦合传递。以DTMB4381为研究对象,首先考虑镍铝青铜(NAB)螺旋桨的微小变形,采用双向流固耦合方法计算不同进速系数下的水动力性能,并与敞水试验值进行对比,误差较小,验证了双向流固耦合方法的准确性。然后将复合材料考虑为各向同性,对玻璃纤维材料螺旋桨进行双向流固耦合求解,得到复合材料螺旋桨在不同进速系数下的水动力性能及结构特性,并将流体和结构计算结果与传统的金属螺旋桨比较分析,总结材料对螺旋桨性能的影响。双向流固耦合方法为今后各向异性复合材料螺旋桨的深入研究打下基础。     

考虑铺层的复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合计算及验证

为了验证考虑铺层的复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合算法的正确性,利用ANSYS/CFX软件,对±45°对称铺层的玻璃纤维增强材料螺旋桨建立流体模型和结构模型,实现双向流固耦合稳态求解,得到不同进速系数下的敞水性能,模型桨敞水试验结果表明,数值计算与试验吻合良好,均满足工程应用的要求,验证了采用ANSYS/CFX双向流固耦合算法计算复合材料螺旋桨的正确性。     

复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合分析方法研究

文章基于面元法和有限元法,开展了复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合数值方法研究,着重探讨了复合材料桨叶有限元建模以及水动力外载荷与结构变形位移的流固耦合交界面数据传递问题,最终集成为一项复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合分析技术,测试了其收敛性。该技术针对5474复合材料螺旋桨的分析结果与文献结果吻合良好,为复合材料螺旋桨性能分析提供了必要的工具。     

复合材料螺旋桨水动力特性的流固耦合数值模拟

为了分析复合材料螺旋桨变形对其水动力性能的影响,利用FLUENT和ANSYS结构模块建立了一种流固耦合的方法。基于此方法分析了桨叶变形对敞水曲线,桨叶附近流场及其表面压力的影响。研究结果表明,初始几何为无侧斜无纵倾的螺旋桨变形后纵倾发生改变,使推力和扭矩系数变大,且推力系数和扭矩系数的增值随进速系数减小而增大。变形后的螺旋桨桨叶表面压力增大,压力系数变化最大值可达40%,螺旋桨轴向诱导速度变化最大值可达18.7%。     

螺旋桨流固耦合多目标优化设计

本文提出将NSGA-Ⅱ多目标优化算法应用于螺旋桨多目标优化设计,并通过面元法和有限元法实现螺旋桨流固弱耦合.通过计算安装在Seiun-Maru(一艘日本散货船)上的HPS大侧斜螺旋桨压力系数分布和压力脉动,考虑了流固耦合效应的计算精度要高于不考虑流固耦合效应,验证了考虑流固耦合的必要性.本文以螺旋桨效率、非定常力和重量作为目标函数,在满足水动力性能、结构响应和空泡性能等约束条件下,选取描述螺旋桨外形的6个参数作为设计变量,以此建立优化函数.在不同近似最优解和非设计点为初值的算例中,其结果均改善了所有目标函数,验证了本文方法的有效性、适用性和鲁棒性.本文提出的多目标优化方法将有助于提高设计效率,节省计算资源,可成为未来螺旋桨设计的有效工具.     

纤维铺层对复合材料桨变形规律的影响

采用面元法和有限元法相结合的流固耦合算法,针对4382桨利用有限元软件ABAQUS进行多种材料纤维铺层,迭代进行水动力性能分析,并总结了复合材料螺旋桨的变性规律。当纤维主要铺层方向与侧斜方向一致时,桨叶易发生扭转,复合材料螺旋桨的变形规律是侧斜增大,纵倾和螺距减小,以迎合进流角,进而提高螺旋桨的水动力性能。     

大侧斜对转螺旋桨水动力及桨叶应力数值计算

对转桨采用大侧斜形式能降低螺旋桨的线谱噪声,但同时也会降低叶片的强度和刚度,工程应用中需要对其强度进行校核。本文基于不可压缩流体"雷诺时均N-S方程+RSM湍流模型",采用多重参考系模型处理多旋转区域耦合问题,得到了螺旋桨表面压力分布;应用有限元(FEA)分析方法对叶片进行分析,得到叶片应力分布与变形量等参数。通过对大侧斜对转螺旋桨水动力及桨叶应力数值计算,为螺旋桨设计提供理论依据,具有一定的工程意义。     

Fatigue predictions for flexible marine propellers using FSI analysis considering Euler force in the rotating frame

Analysis of flexible marine propellers in terms of their structural response and stress is the key to accurate fatigue prediction. At present, finite element method (FEM) analyses of flexible propellers have been performed as a part of the fluid–structure interaction (FSI) analysis using a numerical method for the flexible structures, which is identical to that used for their rigid counterparts. In this study, the Euler force in a rotating frame is employed as an additional external force on the blades of the marine propeller during the FSI analysis. The Euler force is an inertial force component in the rotating frame due to angular acceleration. Acceleration of the rotating frame arises from large deformations of the propeller due to its flexible characteristics. The angular acceleration of the propeller is obtained for each time step, and the resulting Euler force is accounted for as a body force. The FSI analysis results are compared to experimental results in terms of the structural response, stress, and fatigue. It is clear that the Euler force has a major effect on the fatigue characteristics of the propeller because it amplifies the main response components. In conclusion, incorporating the Euler force in FSI analyses of flexible marine propellers is necessary for adequate prediction of the propeller fatigue.     

非均匀船舶尾流中工作的常规和大侧斜船用螺旋桨的水动力和水声计算预报（英文）

Despite their high manufacturing cost and structural deficiencies especially in tip regions, highly skewed propellers are preferred in the marine industry, where underwater noise is a significant design criterion. However, hydrodynamic performances should also be considered before a decision to use these propellers is made. This study investigates the trade-off between hydrodynamic and hydroacoustic performances by comparing conventional and highly skewed Seiun Maru marine propellers for a noncavitating case.Many papers in the literature focus solely on hydroacoustic calculations for the open-water case. However, propulsive characteristics are significantly different when propeller-hull interactions take place. Changes in propulsion performance also reflect on the hydroacoustic performances of the propeller. In this study, propeller-hull interactions were considered to calculate the noise spectra.Rather than solving the full case, which is computationally demanding, an indirect approach was adopted; axial velocities from the nominal ship wake were introduced as the inlet condition of the numerical approach. A hybrid method based on the acoustic analogy was used in coupling computational fluid dynamics techniques with acoustic propagation methods, implementing the Ffowcs Williams-Hawkings(FW-H) equation. The hydrodynamic performances of both propellers were presented as a preliminary study.Propeller-hull interactions were included in calculations after observing good accordance between our results, experiments, and quasi-continuous method for the open-water case. With the use of the time-dependent flow field data of the propeller behind a nonuniform ship wake as an input, simulation results were used to solve the FW-H equation to extract acoustic pressure and sound pressure levels for several hydrophones located in the near field. Noise spectra results confirm that the highest values of the sound pressure levels are in the low-frequency range and the first harmonics calculated by the present method are in good accordance with the theoretical values. Results also show that a highly skewed propeller generates less noise even in noncavitating cases despite a small reduction in hydrodynamic efficiency.     

基于流固耦合的螺旋桨水动力性能数值仿真

根据螺旋桨理论,将基于粘流理论的计算流体动力学方法与结构有限元分析方法相结合,构建螺旋桨的流固耦合数值仿真方法。运用该方法对螺旋桨进行计算分析,并与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。证明了利用构建的FSI方法与传统的CFD方法计算同一金属材料螺旋桨时,在低进速下计算所得结果较传统CFD方法更为准确。从多角度阐明所建立的流固耦合数值方法在复合材料螺旋桨研究方面的独特优势,为复合材料螺旋桨性能分析提供了必要的工具。     

流固耦合下的复合材料螺旋桨变形特性研究

为了研究易变性复合材料螺旋桨在水动力作用下的变形特性,通过流体计算控制方程和结构有限元方程,建立复合材料螺旋桨流固耦合算法,并利用Ansys／AnsysCFX软件计算流固耦合下指定材料的系列螺旋桨水动力性能,将NBA材料桨计算结果与试验结果进行对比,验证了流固耦合算法的准确性。分析了指定复合材料螺旋桨变形前后水动力性能变化,在此基础之上,进一步分析了复合材料桨叶在特定进速下的应力分布,以及不同进速下各桨叶的变形规律。     

船舶复合材料螺旋桨模型试验的特殊性分析

[目的]船舶复合材料螺旋桨比传统金属合金螺旋桨刚度低,在流固耦合作用下桨叶变形会对水动力和噪声性能带来显著影响,在开展复合材料螺旋桨模型试验时需予以特殊考虑.[方法]采用量纲分析方法,建立复合材料螺旋桨水动力与噪声性能的特殊相似关系及其换算方法.根据复合材料螺旋桨模型加工实物及其作用特点,分析可满足模型试验要求的特殊测...     

Numerical Calculation of Marine Propeller Hydrodynamic Characteristics in Unsteady Flow by Boundary Element Method

In this paper, a low-order potential based on surface panel method is used for the analysis of marine propellers in unsteady flow.A linear propeller wake model is employed and its geometry is assumed to be independent of the time.The calculation in time domain is carried out from a moment when the rotation of the propeller becomes steady instead of from the moment when the rotation strats from stationary condition.At every time step a linear algebraic equation established on a key blade is solved numerically combined with the Kutta pressure conditon.The calculated results by developed code indicate good convergency and effrctiveness of present algotithm for conventional propellers and highly skewed propellers.     

Prediction of Hydrodynamic Performance of Marine Propellers by Surface Panel Method

The potential based low order surface panel method is used to predict the hydrodynamic performance of marine propellers. In present method the hyperboloidal quadrilateral panels are employed to avoid the gap between the panels. The influencecoefficients of panels are calculated by Morino's analytical formulations for increasing numerically calculating speed.The pres-sure Kutta condition is satisfied on the trailing edge of propeller blade by Newton-Raphson iterative procedure.Therefore the     

双机双桨船舶螺旋桨设计实践

在双机双桨船舶螺旋桨设计一般原理的基础,应用螺旋桨设计软件对某渔船进行了实例计算,结果表明,该设计方法简单、行之有效,可供多机多桨的渔船推进装置设计参考。