多域Rankine-Kelvin源法计算浮体水动力方法研究

文章采用无限长无网格圆柱面作为控制面将流体域分为内域与外域,内域使用简单Green函数(Rankine源),外域使用满足自由表面Green函数(Kelvin源),圆柱控制面上的速度势与速度势法向导数采用Laguerre-Fourier级数进行展开。将两种水动力方法的结合既可以保持两种方法的优点又可以减少自由面上网格划分面积且内域只需要计算一次。无限长圆柱绕射势存在解析解,利用该解析解对Laguerre-Fourier级数展开速度势的精度进行验证。采用半球作为浮体,将附加质量与阻尼系数的数值解和解析值进行对比,验证该算法的精度。     

有限水深三维脉动源格林函数数值算法研究

由于柯西主值积分的奇异性和贝塞尔函数的振荡性,有限水深情况下复杂格林函数及其导数的精确数值求解一直是浅水中波浪水动力计算的难点,因此寻找格林函数的精确数值解显得非常重要.通过对格林函数奇异项进行变形推导,文中给出了一种去掉了奇点的新积分形式.另外通过改进前人推导的Gauss-Laguerre积分方法,给出了一种改进的新Gauss-Laguerre积分方法.格林函数及其导数的数值结果显示文中给出的两种新方法可以有效地计算复杂格林函数及其导数值.最后对这两种方法、级数解以及传统的Gauss-Laguerre积分方法的计算精度和效率进行了比较研究,结果显示文中给出的两种方法的计算精度高于传统的Gauss-Laguerre积分方法,但其计算效率低于级数解.但在接近于0的近场附近级数解失真,而文中提出的改进的新Gauss-Laguerre积分方法可以获得正确结果.同时当频率和水深均较大时级数解失真,而文中提出的方法也可以获得正确结果.最后针对这些方法的优缺点,该文提出了建议的策略用于计算有限水深格林函数.     

应用OpenGL动态模拟波浪对结构物的绕射

应用高阶边界元法计算了波浪对任意三维结构物的绕射。通过选取合适的格林函数,避免了在广阔海域中积分,仅需要在物体表面积分。此外,应用OpenGL技术在计算机上动态显示波浪的绕射过程。显示程序可以调节视角、显示模式、背景颜色和光照等参数。最后,应用文中程序计算了波浪对单个圆柱、单个方箱以及工程实例中的Snorre平台的绕射,通过对计算结果的动态显示,直观地显示了波浪与结构物作用的结果。     

基于边界元方法的气泡脉动诱导壁压特性

针对圆柱壳结构在水下爆炸气泡脉动载荷作用下的诱导壁压特性,采用Geers-Hunter模型得到气泡脉动运动,在势流假设下采用边界元方法建立了水下爆炸气泡脉动载荷壁压计算方法,通过对不同水下爆炸工况进行计算分析发现:圆柱壳表面的气泡诱导壁压有明显的绕射现象,在爆距较小时迎爆面气泡脉动诱导压力峰值要远大于背爆面压力;在圆柱壳轴向上随距中心点距离的增大绕射特性逐渐减小,壁压向自由场压力逼近。所得到的方法和规律可为潜艇抗冲击设计和评估人员提供参考。     

大直径圆柱上的二阶波浪力

三维物体的非线性波浪绕射问题已有不少研究,但即使是对于单根垂直固置于水底且伸出水面的大直径圆柱这样简单的结构物,二阶绕射势与相应的二阶力的严密求解仍存在不少值得进一步探讨之处。本文在分析二阶绕射势产生机理的基础上,提出了二阶绕射势的解析解,从而得到了作用于大直径圆柱上二阶波浪力的协调表达。应用本方法对水平二阶波浪力的数值计算结果与实验结果吻合良好。     

规则波中船舶波浪增阻理论和经验法预报分析与比较

针对规则波中迎浪下有航速集装箱船船型阻力增加预报,采用一种改进的三维移动脉动源面元法求解船舶运动,进而通过理论方法求解辐射和绕射增阻.速度势求解引入了格林函数空间线段积分和面元积分方法,辐射增阻采用三维辐射能量法计算,绕射增阻通过二阶波浪力中绕射速度势获得.通过与试验数据对比证明了该理论预报模型在精度和效率方面有明显优势.在此预报结果基础上对经验预报模型提出了改进公式,计算结果表明了改进模型对工程设计具有较好的适用性.     

近水面航行物体绕射问题的时域解

本文应用时域方法在线性自由面条件下讨论了水下任意三维物体在波浪中等速直线航行时的绕射问题,导出了作用在物体上的绕射力与相应的反向运动辐射势之间的关系式,从而不须求解绕射势便可得到绕射力,并且对于各种频率的入射波只须解算一次积分方程,大大减少了数值计算时间。时域Green函数的计算采用黄德波提供的快速插值方法,使计算能够在中小型计算机实现。 作为例子,本文计算了圆球和回转椭球体的波浪力,与现有理论计算和实验结果比较,证实了本方法的正确性和计算的准确性。此外,还对时域计算中的一些参数、定常波势以及航速的影响进行了分析讨论。     

船舶在波浪中航行时绕射问题的线性时域解

本文研究了水面船舶(物体)在波浪中航行时的绕射问题,求得了有航速船舶绕射问题线性时域解的理论模型.提出了计算波浪绕射力的公式.对于细长形的船舶.作者给出了计算波浪扰动力的公式,使得在时域中有航速船舶波浪扰动力的计算,可以用辐射势和入射波势来表示,而不须求解绕射势.利用本文所提出的波浪扰动力公式.在求解波浪扰动力时,对于任意多的入射波频率,只要解算积分方程一从而大大节省了计算工作量。本文还证明了在波浪中航行的一般三维物体,如果在自由面条件简化时,假设定常兴波势为有限量价,则在波浪绕射力公式中,不存在水线积分项。从数学上证明了水线积分项在物理上反映了自由面条件中定常兴波势和不定常势之间的耦合效应。在算例中,运用本文导出的波浪扰动力公式对 Wigley 船型进行了波浪扰动力的求解,与试验结果和现有理论方法的数值结果进行了比较,吻合良好.本文还对各种参数的影响进行了讨论,对计算结果所反映的物理现象作了分析。     

二阶绕射势外场解的新方法的研究

Stokes波中,为得到完整的二阶波浪力和波浪压力,直立圆柱的二阶绕射势的求解是关键。数值方法可以采用设置控制面,内场用简单Green函数方法,外场用解析表达式,本文重点寻求外场解析式的一种新的简便方法,从而可以得到一种求解二阶波浪力和波浪压力的简单方法。     

基于Laguerre积分法的随机有限元方法研究

将Laguerre积分法应用于随机结构的有限元分析,建立基于Laguerre积分法的随机有限元方程.在算例中,选择不同的Laguerre积分点数目进行计算,并与Monte-Carlo抽样法进行对比研究,检验该方法的正确性.计算结果表明该方法计算效率高,并且采用较少的积分点就能获得较高的计算精度.     

Second-order wave run-up on a vertical cylinder adjacent to a plane wall based on the application of quadratic transfer function in bi-directional waves

A numerical model was developed in this study to simulate the wave diffraction caused by an arbitrarily shaped structure in the presence of bi-directional incident waves based on a higher-order boundary element method (HOBEM). Based on the developed model, the wave elevation quadratic transfer function (QTF) in bi-directional waves, which is defined as the second-order wave elevation caused by two incident waves of unit amplitude from two directions, can be determined. The developed model was subsequently used to investigate the wave interaction with a cylinder situated near a vertical wall. The image principle was applied to transform the original problem into an equivalent one of wave diffraction caused by two symmetrical cylinders in open seas exposed to bi-directional incident waves. The second-order wave run-up on the cylinder can then be determined using the wave elevation QTF obtained from an analysis of the equivalent problem. A detailed numerical analysis was then conducted. Numerical results revealed that the presence of the vertical wall can apparently disturb the wave diffraction process from the cylinder, and lead to significantly amplified second-order wave elevation within the region between the wall and cylinder. In addition, the respective contribution from the first- and second-order components to the overall wave elevation around the cylinder was discussed.     

Vertical integration and its implications to port expansion

ABSTRACT

Over the years many shipping lines have established terminal operation companies, with some set up as independent firms. However, port authorities and local governments have not always welcomed external investment and control with open arms. The economic implications and each stakeholder’s best strategies remain unclear. This study develops an analytical model in order to study the effects of vertical integration, with a focus on shipping lines’ investment in ports’ capacity. Modelling results suggest that vertical integration between terminal operator and a shipping line leads to higher port capacity, port charge, market output and consumer surplus. It also reduces delay costs. All these results suggest that vertical integration can be an important source of synergy for the maritime industry. Although vertical integration increases the participating carrier’s output at the expenses of non-integrating rival shipping firms, our numerical analysis suggests that the overall social welfare is likely to increase. Preliminary empirical tests confirm that vertically integrated ports handle more traffic volumes and are associated with better infrastructure and equipment. Therefore, port authorities and government regulators should carefully review the market competition status as well as port expansion plans.     

Probabilistic time series prediction of ship structural response using Volterra series

This study targets to develop a computational procedure to predict the structural response of a ship voyaging through irregular seaways taking into account the relevant uncertainties from probability perspective. To achieve the goal, ship structural response under random wave excitation was assumed to be linear one and represented by linear Volterra series, which is expanded by linear combination of Laguerre polynomials. Then the unknown Laguerre coefficients were treated as random variables, the probability of which was sought by solving Bayesian linear regression model using prepared data sets. For the validation of the proposed methodology, a single DOF linear oscillator model with artificial damping uncertainties was introduced and time series of the system response was predicted probabilistically. For more practical and realistic application, 400,000 DWT VLOC model ship experimental data was analyzed and vertical bending moment time series were probabilistically predicted using the proposed method. On top of probabilistic time series prediction of model ship, the fatigue damage was also estimated based on the stochastic time series obtained using predicted probabilistic time series data.     

直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷特性数值模拟

以三类内孤立波理论(KdV、eKdV和MCC)的适用性条件为依据,将内孤立波诱导上下层深度平均水平速度作为入口条件,采用Navier-Stokes方程为流场控制方程,建立了两层流体中内孤立波对直立圆柱体强非线性作用的数值模拟方法.结果表明,数值模拟所得内孤立波波形及其振幅与相应理论和实验结果一致,并且直立圆柱体内孤立波水平力、垂向力及其力矩数值模拟结果与实验结果吻合.直立圆柱体内孤立波载荷由波浪压差力、粘性压差力和摩擦力构成,其中摩擦力很小,可以忽略;对于水平力,其波浪压差力与粘性压差力量级相当,流体粘性的影响显著;对于垂向力,粘性压差力很小,流体粘性影响可以忽略.此外,直立圆柱体对内孤立波的波形及其诱导流场的影响很小,因此采用Morison公式和傅汝德—克雷洛夫力分别计算其内孤立波水平力和垂向力是可行的.     

斜浪中二维潜体的二阶定常力

本文主要研究斜浪中作用于二维潜体（或看作为无限长的潜没柱体）上二阶定常波浪力的的力学机理和计算方法．研究表明．对圆柱而言，水平方向定常力在任意浪向中均可忽略．文中进而考察了潜没深度、浪向角和波浪频率对潜体垂向定常力的影响．同时，附带地证明了用于斜浪中二维绕射问题求解的格林函数在浪向角趋于横浪情况时可退化成横浪二维绕射问题中的格林函数．     

加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声特性研究

为掌握不同激励下加肋圆柱体水下低频辐射声频谱特征,揭示辐射声峰值对应的优势模态及弯纵耦合现象规律,该文利用三维水弹性声辐射计算方法,针对加肋圆柱体的梁模型和有限元壳模型,计算分析其水下不同激励的声源级传递函数,分析声源级曲线峰值与单个模态声源级分量的对应关系,得出垂向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于垂向弯曲模态;轴向激励时,辐射声峰值对应于轴向模态,同时运用壳模型计算结果发现梁模型所不能反映的弯纵耦合现象。比较了不同激励辐射声源级传递函数,得出所分析频带内,轴向单位力激励总声级比垂向略大。并比较不同模型的结果,指出梁模型的适用范围。     

规则波中半潜式平台水动力的时域数值模拟

能在时域内准确求解三维波物相互作用问题的水动力对不规则波问题中的时域数值模拟具有很大的吸引力,为了研究应用时域理论对三维波物相互作用问题,采用基于Rankine源的边界元法计算每一时刻的流场,在自由面上采用积分格式的自由面条件(Integral-Form of Free-surface Boundary Condition,IFBC);在远方控制面上采用多次透射边界条件(Multi-Transmitting Formula,MTF).文中讨论了基本参数对浮体受力的影响,同时对截断圆柱和半潜式平台的水波绕射问题进行了时域模拟,并将数值结果与频域结果进行了比较.结果表明,采用文中方法得到的数值结果准确、稳定和高效.     

作用在双圆柱桩上波浪力准确解和有限差分解的比较

The wave force exerted on vertical piles of offshore structures is the main criterion in designing them.In structures with more than one large pile,the influence of piles on each other is one of the most important issues being concerned in past researches.An efficient method for determining the interaction of piles is introduced in present research.First the wave force is calculated by the exact method using the diffraction theory,then in the finite difference numerical method the force is calculated by adding the velocity potentials of each pile and integration of pressure on their surface.The results showed that the ratio of the wave force on each of the double piles to a single pile has a damped oscillation around unity in which the amplitude of oscillation decreases with the increase in the spacing parameter.Also different wave incident directions and diffraction parameters were used and the results showed that the numerical solution has acceptable accuracy when the diffraction parameter is larger than unity.