开孔平板水下振动及声辐射特性

采用有限元与间接边界元相结合的方法,以开有圆孔、四边简支、无障板的钢制平板为对象,开展开孔板水下振动及声辐射特性研究。首先,计算开孔板在空气中和水中的固有频率。在空气中,开孔板的固有频率较无孔板低,随着开孔面积增大,大部分固有频率降低;在水中,由于开孔可明显降低平板水下振动的附连水质量,开孔板的固有频率升高,且随开孔面积的增大,固有频率升高。然后,开展单位力激励下开孔板的水下振动声辐射研究,相同激励下,开孔板大部分频段的辐射噪声和辐射效率明显降低,且随着开孔面积的增大,降低量增大,辐射声功率和辐射效率的峰值向高频移动。研究结果表明,开孔可显著改变平板水下振动与声辐射特性。     

开孔平板水下振动及声辐射特性

采用有限元与间接边界元相结合的方法,以开有圆孔、四边简支、无障板的钢制平板为对象,开展开孔板水下振动及声辐射特性研究。首先,计算开孔板在空气中和水中的固有频率。在空气中,开孔板的固有频率较无孔板低,随着开孔面积增大,大部分固有频率降低;在水中,由于开孔可明显降低平板水下振动的附连水质量,开孔板的固有频率升高,且随开孔面积的增大,固有频率升高。然后,开展单位力激励下开孔板的水下振动声辐射研究,相同激励下,开孔板大部分频段的辐射噪声和辐射效率明显降低,且随着开孔面积的增大,降低量增大,辐射声功率和辐射效率的峰值向高频移动。研究结果表明,开孔可显著改变平板水下振动与声辐射特性。     

船舶构件腹板开孔的弹性失稳与加强效果

本文用有限元法对开孔薄板的弹性稳定性进行了研究。对于在压缩载荷和剪切载荷作用下开有不同尺度的圆孔或矩形圆孔薄板的稳定强度,作了系统的计算和分析,并研究了矩形板长宽比对开孔板稳定强度的影响。为增强薄板开孔后的稳定强度,文中选择了加强筋、加强围壁和加强围板三种加强形式,系统地计算了不同加强尺度下这三种形式的加强效果。本文所得的计算图表和分析结果可用于船舶纵桁、横梁的腹板及肋板开孔稳定强度设计。     

基于傅里叶级数法的开孔板振动固有特性分析北大核心CSCD

[目的]开口板结构普遍存在于各类工程结构中,对其振动特性的研究直接关系到整体结构的减振降噪和稳定性分析。为研究针对弹性薄板在任意位置开与板平行的矩形口的自由振动特性研究问题,[方法]通过改进傅里叶级数形式表示开口矩形板的位移容许函数,用区域划分思想将开口板沿开口延伸线划分为多个区域板,采用沿边界均匀分布的线性模拟弹簧模拟经典边界条件和区域板间连续边界条件,将边界表达为弹性势能的形式,从而将有约束问题转化为无约束问题,并结合位移连续条件和能量泛函变分方法,对未知傅里叶展开系数一次变分求极值以求解标准特征值方程。然后将得到的开口矩形板的固有频率值及其对应振型与有限元软件(ANASYS)计算结果进行对比,最后分析不同边界条件、开口尺寸和开口位置对开口板自振特性的影响。[结果]结果验证了方法的有效性和精确性,[结论]所得结果可为相关实际工程应用提供理论参考。     

基于傅里叶级数法的开孔板振动固有特性分析

[目的]开口板结构普遍存在于各类工程结构中,对其振动特性的研究直接关系到整体结构的减振降噪和稳定性分析。为研究针对弹性薄板在任意位置开与板平行的矩形口的自由振动特性研究问题,[方法]通过改进傅里叶级数形式表示开口矩形板的位移容许函数,用区域划分思想将开口板沿开口延伸线划分为多个区域板,采用沿边界均匀分布的线性模拟弹簧模拟经典边界条件和区域板间连续边界条件,将边界表达为弹性势能的形式,从而将有约束问题转化为无约束问题,并结合位移连续条件和能量泛函变分方法,对未知傅里叶展开系数一次变分求极值以求解标准特征值方程。然后将得到的开口矩形板的固有频率值及其对应振型与有限元软件(ANASYS)计算结果进行对比,最后分析不同边界条件、开口尺寸和开口位置对开口板自振特性的影响。[结果]结果验证了方法的有效性和精确性,[结论]所得结果可为相关实际工程应用提供理论参考。     

开孔率对开孔板消浪效果影响的数值模拟研究

采用VOF方法,结合k-ε紊流模型建立数值波浪水槽。造波边界采用内源造波法,造波边界后方和波浪水槽出口边界均采用海绵层消波,自由面采用F函数追踪,从而数值模拟了波浪对开孔板的作用。将开孔板前波浪反射系数的数值计算结果与文献[14]的物理模型实验结果进行比较,验证所建立的数值模型及计算方法的正确性。通过改变开孔率,模拟波浪与开孔板作用的开孔板前波浪的反射系数,进而分析了开孔率与波浪反射率的关系。同时,分析了波浪作用下开孔板的迎浪面与背浪面的点压力差变化,并主要探讨开孔率与点压力差的相互影响关系。分析结果表明:随着开孔率α的增大,反射率减小,透射率增大,点压差呈非线性变化。     

内压下矩形耐压舱角隅结构形状和拓扑优化设计

为解决内压下矩形耐压舱角隅结构应力集中的问题,提出了角隅结构形状优化和拓扑优化的数学模型。采用子模型技术对结构进行精细化静强度应力分析,以角隅边界形状的变化作为设计变量,极小化角隅结构的应力,得到的最佳角隅形状为弧形。在此基础上,极小化角隅结构的应力,对耐压舱角隅肘板进行拓扑优化设计,寻求肘板材料的最优分布和管路铺设的空间,得到了具有内部圆形开孔和去掉三角形尖角的新型肘板结构。弧形角隅形状和开孔新型式的肘板有效地降低了角隅结构的应力集中。建议的方法可为类似结构的优化设计提供参考。     

不开孔式与迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤消浪性能比较研究*

为了提升水平板防波堤的消浪性能与透水性能,设计一种迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤。在不同相对板宽、潜深及波高条件下,通过物理模型试验研究不开孔式与迎浪侧半开孔式两种水平板防波堤的透射系数Kt、反射系数Kr及耗能系数Kh,系统对比两种水平板防波堤的消浪性能。结果表明,在试验参数条件下,迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤的透射系数整体上小于不开孔式水平板防波堤,且两种水平板防波堤的透射系数均在相对板宽为0.166或0.212时达到最小值;两种水平板防波堤反射系数的变化趋势相近,迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤的反射系数整体偏小;迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤的耗散系数整体大于不开孔式水平板防波堤,在相对板宽为0.166或0.212时达到最大值。迎浪侧半开孔式水平板防波堤的消浪性能优于不开孔式水平板防波堤。     

潜器耐压球壳结构开孔加强形式的对比分析

耐压球壳作为载人潜水器的承压结构形式之一,保证了潜器内部设备及人员的安全。由于出入舱室、观测等要求,将不可避免地在耐压结构上进行开孔。这些开孔结构的存在对耐压球壳整体结构强度和稳定性会造成影响。文中介绍了3种常见的耐压球壳开孔加强形式(侧壁加强、垫板加强、肘板加强),并采用ANSYS有限元分析软件对每一种开孔加强形式的极限强度进行了对比分析。相比侧壁加强和垫板加强,肘板加强具有更高的极限强度。但考虑到肘板连接处存在较大的应力集中及制造工艺较难,文中提出了一种新型开孔加强形式——梯形加强,该加强形式相比肘板加强具有更优秀的结构性能和工艺性。     

海洋平台结构振动超标分析方法研究

针对某海洋平台甲板结构振动超标的问题,依次选取甲板板格、加筋板单元以及甲板板架为分析对象,研究了求解平台甲板板格、加筋板单元振动固有频率的解析方法以及板架结构振动固有频率的数值预报方法,对振动超标区的甲板结构振动固有频率进行了计算研究,并与试验结果对比。研究结果表明,平台甲板结构出现振动超标的主要原因是板架结构中加筋板单元的振动固有频率与激励频率重合引起的结构局部共振。所得计算方法和流程可应用于类似工程结构的振动预报和设计,具有一定的工程意义和研究价值。     

局部板架的振动计算研究

采用直接简化计算的方法对船上常见的局部板架结构的固有频率进行计算和分析研究。考虑到船上常见的局部板架结构和板架所处环境的不同,分3种不同类型的板架,同时考虑所处空间介质和船体内环境的不同,分别进行研究和计算;与激励源相比后适当修改板架的设计加强方式,以达到初期设计阶段避免船体局部共振的目的。     

边界任意弹性约束薄板的横向振动(英文)

This paper presents an analytical study on the influence of edge restraining stiffness on the transverse vibrations of rectangular plate structure. An improved Fourier series method was employed to analyze the transverse vibration of plate structure with general elastically restrained boundary conditions. A linear combination of a double Fourier series and eight auxiliary terms was sought as the admissible function of the flexural displacement of the plate, each term being a combination of a polynomial function and a single cosine series expansion. The auxiliary terms were introduced to ensure and improve the smoothness of the original displacement function and its derivatives at the boundaries. Several numerical examples were given to demonstrate the validity and accuracy of the current solution. The influences of translational and rotational stiffness on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of plate were analyzed by numerical results. The results show that the translational stiffness has bigger influence on the natural frequencies than the rotational stiffness. It is generally well known that little change of the rotational stiffness has little influence on the mode shapes of plate. However, the current work shows that a very little change of rotational stiffness value may lead to a large change of the mode shapes of a square plate structure.     

Vibrations of imperfect ship plating

This paper deals with vibration analysis of plates in marine structures. It is the main purpose of the paper to demonstrate that in order to obtain reliable frequency predictions it is necessary to include in the vibration analysis the effects of the unavoidable imperfections caused by welding or lateral fluid pressure. Furthermore, practical procedures for including these effects are presented. Simple algebraic expressions are derived for determination of small amplitude natural frequencies of vibration of initially imperfect rectangular plates subjected to uniaxial in-plane loads. The theoretical results show close agreement with experimental results available in the literature. For plating of marine structures with typical welding induced geometric imperfections and residual stresses it is shown that the lowest natural frequency of the unloaded imperfect plate can be twice as high as that of the perfect plate. For vibration analyses of plates submerged in a liquid the importance of taking into account deflections and membrane stresses caused by the hydrostatic pressure is demonstrated.     

General Analytical Solution of Transverse Vibration For Orthotropic Rectangular Thin Plates

A general solution of differential equation for transverse displacement function of orthotropic rectangular thin plates in free vibration is established in this paper. It can be used to solve the vibration problem of plate with arbitrary boundaries. As an example, the frequencies of a composite laminated plate with four free edges have been solved. The result as compared with the experiment is satisfactory.     

Hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads

A hydroelastic analysis of a rectangular plate subjected to slamming loads is presented. An analytical model based on Wagner theory is used for calculations of transient slamming load on the ship plate. A thin isotropic plate theory is considered for determining the vibration of a rectangular plate excited by an external slamming force. The forced vibration of the plate is calculated by the modal expansion method. Analytical results of the transient response of a rectangular plate induced by slamming loads are compared with numerical calculations from finite element method. The theoretical slamming pressure based on Wagner model is applied on the finite element model of a plate. Good agreement is obtained between the analytical and numerical results for the structural deflection of a rectangular plate due to slamming pressure. The effects of plate dimension and wave profile on the structural vibration are discussed as well. The results show that a low impact velocity and a small wetted radial length of wave yield negligible effects of hydroelasticity.     

加筋薄板简化方式对船体总振动影响的研究

以单向加筋板为主要研究对象,结合正交异性板理论和等效板厚理论提出了适用于振动分析的等效厚度正交异性板简化方法,并与常用的简化方法进行了比较。推导了3种简化方法下的加筋板固有频率的解析公式,并计算了四边简支单向加筋板固有频率。结果表明：本文提出的简化方法在求取单向加筋板低阶固有频率时计算结果与有限元结果前五阶误差在15%以内。文中应用该简化方法计算了一船体梁的固有频率,通过对船体梁甲板的加强筋结构进行简化,将模型总单元数降至原模型的27.6%,采用本文方法计算得到的船体梁垂向前三阶和扭转一阶振动频率优于传统的正交异性板简化方法,较原模型偏差在2.2%以内。说明等效厚度正交异性板简化方法在特定工程领域是可用的,且此法相较之前的方法有一定程度的改进,对相关研究和工程计算具有一定参考价值。     

考虑剪切影响的Mindlin板单元质量阵

Mindlin板的弹性势能中含有剪切应变能项,而与动能相对应的质量阵中却不包含与剪切变形相对应的质量项,因此求得结构的固有频率偏高,在高阶频率时偏差更大.为了提高板壳结构频率的计算精度,本文提出在形成Mindlin板单元质量阵时将剪应变看作等效的转角项计入系统的动能中,从而使Mindlin板的质量阵中包含剪切变形的影响.算例表明:在同样的网格条件下,采用该质量阵计算得到的频率比采用原先的Mindlin板的质量阵计算得到的频率精度更高.本文还给出了四结点任意四边形考虑剪切影响的Mindlin板单元质量阵的构造方法.     

含分层损伤复合材料层合板声激励下振动特性研究

本文通过对含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层层合板结构动力分析,讨论平面声波激励对结构动力响应特性的影响,基于分层损伤结构变形特点,将含损伤层合板的基板和上下子板采用Mindlin板单元离散,而分层损伤区以虚拟连接单元模拟,根据耗散能的计算确定结构的模态阻尼特征,建立含损伤层合板的振动响应函数的有限元分析方法,用算例验证模型的可信性,在0-1000Hz范围内,计算了含厚度方向不同位置椭圆分层损伤层合板结构的固有频率、模态阻尼和幅频响应与相频响应,依据计算结果分析了分层损伤对动力特性的影响,有益于进一步对分层损伤建立识别模式.     

Coarse mesh finite element model for cruise ship global and local vibration analysis

This paper presents a practical procedure for creating finite element (FE) model for vibration analysis of cruise ships. The most preferable FE modelling approaches are studied and discussed through case studies of common ship structures, which cover the range from low to high frequencies. The application of homogenized equivalent single layer (ESL) theory based equivalent element for stiffened panel is extended to local forced vibration analysis, where inertia induced interaction between plate and stiffener occurs. Modal method is used with an energy-based correction for accounting the plate-stiffener interaction into modal properties. Case study results reveal that mesh density of one 4-node element per web frame spacing is suitable for global FE-model when vibration analysis is limited to global hull girder modes. For such modes it is sufficient to only include the membrane stiffness of stiffened panels. For investigating the response at higher frequencies, bending properties of stiffened panel should be included and mesh density should be at least two elements per web frame spacing. Then forced vibration analysis can be performed with an excellent accuracy up to frequencies about one third of the local plate natural frequencies between the stiffeners. Beyond that, the influence of the local plate vibration becomes more significant in panel vibration, making the ESL-theory based element limited. With the applied correction method, the validity of the ESL-model can be extended to approximately two thirds of the local plate natural frequency.     

钢质夹层桥梁防护装置的耐撞性能研究

通过对桥梁防护装置研究,提出四棱柱式与双折叠式夹层板桥梁防护装置,采用ANSYS/LS-DYNA非线性有限元对其耐撞性能进行数值仿真,探讨两种夹层板防护装置的尺寸参数对其性能的影响.研究结果表明：经结构优化后四棱柱式夹层板的耐撞性能优于双折叠式;分别用两种夹层板替换传统钢质箱式防护装置的外围板,两种夹层板式防护装置的耐撞性能均优于传统钢质防护装置,而四棱柱式防护装置的性能最佳.