纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性薄弱性衡准实船验证分析

国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定第二代完整稳性衡准,并计划于2019年开始强制实施.该稳性衡准涵盖了5种稳性失效模式:参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、过度加速度、瘫船稳性和骑浪/横甩.衡准评估由薄弱性衡准和稳性直接评估组成.本文采用实际运营的4艘油船和3艘渔政船对最新草案中纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性的薄弱性衡准进行了计算,分析了第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准的一致性,为纯稳性丧失和瘫船稳性薄弱性衡准的制定提供参考.     

随浪中纯稳性丧失直接评估方法研究

针对国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的纯稳性丧失直接评估衡准,文章构建了纵荡-横摇2自由度运动耦合的数学模型,进行了随浪中纯稳性丧失直接评估。该方法首先在纵荡方程中考虑了随航速变化螺旋桨推力和静水阻力,及随瞬时船—波相对位置变化的时域纵荡波浪力。其次在横摇方程中基于Froude假设采用静平衡法求解随瞬时船—波相对位置和横倾角变化的时域复原力变化,同时考虑了初始横倾、非线性横摇阻尼和横倾水动力导数的影响,构建了纵荡—横摇2自由度耦合运动方程。最后采用ONR内倾船开展了随浪规则波中纯稳性丧失试验,验证了文中提出纵荡-横摇2自由度运动耦合的数学模型的可靠性,并进一步分析了初始横倾角、纵荡和横倾水动力导数对纯稳性丧失的影响,为纯稳性丧失直接稳性评估衡准的应用奠定了基础。     

参数横摇薄弱性衡准评估软件的开发与应用

目前国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定包括参数横摇在内的第二代完整稳性衡准。基于工信部高新技术船舶项目"船舶第二代完整稳性衡准技术研究",根据IMO船舶建造与设计委员会第2次会议中提出的参数横摇薄弱性衡准提案,首先采用静平衡法处理波浪中不同横倾角时的升沉和纵倾问题;然后对瞬时湿表面进行压力积分求解稳性的变化,同时利用Fortran工具开发了参数横摇薄弱性衡准计算源代码,利用Ajax技术开发了评估软件操作界面;最后利用实船验证该评估软件的可行性,为第二代完整稳性评估软件的推广奠定基础。     

第二代完整稳性衡准的研究进展及评估方法综述

文章对IMO第二代完整稳性衡准的发展作了简要的介绍,对第二代完整稳性中的参数横摇、纯稳性丧失、瘫船稳性、骑浪/横甩以及过度加速等五种稳性失效模式的研究进展进行了综述,同时给出了该五种稳性失效模式的第一层薄弱性衡准、第二层薄弱性衡准以及直接评估方法,可供船舶设计人员参考。     

二代稳性衡准纯稳性丧失直接评估方法研究(二)

针对国际海事组织(IMO)正在制定的船舶第二代完整稳性衡准中的纯稳性丧失直接评估衡准,本文提出了纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动耦合的标准数学模型,进行了纯稳性丧失直接评估.该方法首先基于MMG操纵性标准方法,构建纵荡-横荡-横摇-首摇4自由度运动方程,同时考虑了舵控制方程,其次在纵荡、横荡、横摇、首摇方程右边考虑时域波浪力/力矩,且横摇方程右边进一步考虑了粘性横摇阻尼力矩和波浪中复原力臂变化.最后采用ONR内倾船进行了尾斜浪中纯稳性丧失直接数值计算,为纯稳性丧失直接稳性评估衡准的应用奠定了基础.     

参数横摇薄弱性衡准研究

鉴于国际海事组织（IMO）第二代完整稳性衡准工作组正在制定参数横摇薄弱性衡准。文章首先编制了参数横摇第一层和第二层薄弱性衡准的计算程序,其中采用解析稳态解法求解横摇响应,并给出了衡准中关键参数即波浪中稳性高变化的计算方法;其次以国际标模 C11集装箱为例详细分析了参数横摇衡准的计算过程,同时分析了横摇阻尼对计算结果的影响;最后通过与试验结果的比较,验证了衡准方法的一致性及程序的可靠性。     

极地破冰船动稳性敏感度分析

船舶动稳性性能对于确保恶劣海况下的航行安全具有重要意义。我国的极地破冰船需要经过较长航程的敞水航行才能顺利到达极地冰区,为了评估极地破冰船型在敞水中动稳性的安全水平并为未来新船型的开发积累经验,采用国际海事组织(IMO)第二代完整稳性衡准中的薄弱性衡准方法对两个不同尺度的概念设计方案分别开展了动稳性敏感性评估。研究表明,现有概念设计方案对于参数横摇和过度加速度失效模式表现出了一定的敏感性。通过分析诱发敏感性的船型设计参数,指出了未来开展进一步优化研究的方向。     

基于IMO第二代完整稳性的养殖工船稳性

深远海可移动养殖工船是一种新型船型,目前国内尚未针对其稳性指标给出明确的规范。为此,选取几种具有代表性的样船,基于国际海事组织（IMO）第二代完整稳性衡准对其改装成养殖工船之后的稳性衡准进行计算,分析主尺度和船型系数等因素与第二代完成稳性衡准的关系,以对养殖工船在极端海况下稳性安全的设计提供参考。     

第二代完整稳性瘫船失效模式直接评估方法研究

国际海事组织(IMO)在第二代完整稳性规则的制定中,针对每一种失效模式提出了3层薄弱性衡准.目前,瘫船稳性失效模式薄弱性衡准已经完成了第1、2层次的内容,第3层次直接评估方案还未形成.本文基于IMO船舶设计与构造分委会第一次会议(SDC1)提出的第2层薄弱性衡准草案中关于瘫船稳性的相关内容,采用单自由度横摇运动数学模型,编制数值计算程序,模拟船舶在极端恶劣条件下风浪联合作用的横摇运动,计算给定暴露时间船舶倾覆概率.将计算结果与CEHIPAR2792标准模型试验结果进行对比,验证并分析数值方法的可行性,为确定该失效模式的直接评估方法提供参考.     

第二代完整稳性衡准的验证与改进研究

国际海事组织正在研究制定第二代完整稳性衡准,根据已经提出的参数横摇和纯稳性丧失的第一层薄弱性衡准建议方案,对我国5艘客滚船、5艘集装箱船、5艘油船和5艘散货船进行实船验证,对第一层薄弱性衡准的建议方案的适用性和合理性,提出必要的改进意见和建议,以完善新的国际完整稳性衡准规则。     

Broaching prediction of a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders

The new intact stability criteria which are under development at the International Maritime Organization (IMO) are required to cover a broaching phenomenon, well known as a great threat to high-speed vessels which can lead to capsizing. Some reports exist which demonstrate that their numerical models can predict a highly nonlinear phenomenon of broaching. However, additional validation studies are needed for unconventional vessels, in addition to conventional ones, to develop direct stability assessment methods for the new intact stability criteria. In this research, we selected as the subject ship a wave-piercing tumblehome vessel with twin screws and twin rudders, a design expected to be one of a new generation of high-speed monohull ships. Firstly, a series of captive model tests were conducted to measure the resistance, the manoeuvring forces, the wave-exciting forces, the heel-induced hydrodynamic forces, and the roll restoring variation for the unconventional tumblehome vessel. Secondly, the existing mathematical model which had been developed for broaching prediction of conventional vessels with a single propeller and a single rudder was extended to unconventional vessels with twin propellers and twin rudders. Finally, comparisons between numerical simulations and the existing free running model experiments were conducted. As a result, it was demonstrated that fair quantitative prediction of broaching is realised when the rudder force variation, the roll restoring variation and the heel-induced hydrodynamic force for large heel angles are taken into account.     

Dynamic stability in following seas: predictive and experimental approaches

This article presents work based on the development of a performance-based stability assessment method. It describes a numerical method used to determine the survival limit for a dynamic intact stability assessment procedure. The numerical method utilises a time-domain vessel motion program to assess the limit for a range of vertical centres of gravity (KG). The appropriateness of the numerical predictions was examined through comparison with model experiment results. Free-running model tests were conducted in regular following waves at discrete KGs. A comparison between the survival limits determined through the numerical and experimental methods is presented. The current International Maritime Organisation (IMO) stability criteria are also evaluated against the numerical and experimental dynamic performance-based stability assessment methods.     

IMO第二代完整稳性骑浪横甩衡准规范研究

本文针对国际海事组织(IMO)目前正在制定的第二代完整稳性衡准中的骑浪/横甩稳性失效模式展开了研究,详细阐述了最新的衡准草案规范并编制了计算程序。在此基础上,以一条远洋渔船为例,开展了静水阻力拖航试验,研究了规范中所涉及的输入参数对于衡准校核结果的影响,包括静水阻力、螺旋桨推力系数等。结果表明,静水阻力数据对于校核结果的影响很大,而螺旋桨推力系数等的影响则较小。本研究对于IMO确立该衡准规范具有参考价值,对于船舶设计人员也有一定的指导意义。     

KG<Subscript>max</Subscript> curves associated with second generation intact stability criteria for different types of ships

Currently, second generation intact stability criteria are being developed and evaluated by the International Maritime Organization (IMO). In this paper, we briefly present levels 1 and 2 assessment methods for the criteria of pure loss of stability and parametric roll failure modes. Subsequently, we show the KG_max curves associated with these criteria. We compute these curves for five different types of ships and compare them with the curves embodied in the current regulations. The results show that the safety margin ensured by the first level-1 method of calculation for both pure loss of stability and parametric roll seems to be excessive in many cases. They also show that the KG_max given by the second level-1 method and by the level-2 method may be very similar. In some cases, the level-2 method can be more conservative than the second level-1 method, which is unanticipated by the future regulation. The KG_max curves associated with parametric roll confirm that the C11 container ship is vulnerable to this failure mode. The computation of the second check coefficient of parametric roll level 2 (C2) for all possible values of KG reveals the existence of both authorized and restricted areas on the surface formed by both the draft and KG, which may replace the classical KG_max curves. In consequence, it is not sufficient to check that C2 is lower than the maximum authorized value (R _PR0) for a fixed ship’s loading condition.     

IMO第二代完整稳性衡准对现有万箱船设计的影响

国际海事组织（IMO）正在制定基于水动力学的第二代完整稳性衡准,新衡准的实施必然对现有船舶的设计带来巨大影响。集装箱船大型化是航运界的发展趋势,万箱船船型订单近年也大幅上升。已有的事故发现大型集装箱船对参数横摇、过度加速度等衡准相对敏感,但现有船舶的设计对此类事故模式考虑较少,因此有必要开展相关研究。本文选取了某万箱集装箱船,对其大量装载工况进行四种稳性失效模式的计算分析,研究了第二代完整稳性的实施对大型集装箱船的稳性影响,并对其装载、设计等提出一定的建议。     

耙吸挖泥船DR68完整稳性及破舱稳性研究

DR68规范对挖泥船完整稳性、破舱稳性的要求与CCS规范具有较大差别,因此对泥舱设置、船体设计也提出不同的要求。文章通过对入级BV及CCS的耙吸挖泥船项目进行对比,简述了该船型稳性计算在满足DR68时需要注意的一些问题。