频率捷变雷达干扰技术分析

对各类频率捷变雷达的信号特征进行了分析 ,研究了宽带阻塞干扰、频带边缘干扰、提前引导频率干扰、精确预测瞄准干扰、欺骗干扰等干扰技术对频率捷变雷达的干扰效应 ,并给出了实施框图 ,进行了干扰效能分析     

对水声直扩通信系统的干扰效果分析

直接序列扩频（DSSS）技术以其良好的抗干扰性、抗衰落性在水声通信领域得到了广泛应用。因此,从通信干扰的角度来看,对直接序列扩频通信系统的干扰效果分析很有必要。首先利用 Matlab 对水声直接扩频通信系统进行仿真。随后用4种典型的干扰方法（宽带噪声干扰、部分频带噪声干扰、音调干扰和脉冲干扰）对此系统进行干扰。通过对4种典型干扰下系统的误比特率曲线进行对比分析。结果表明：在通信机制不明确的情况下宜使用部分频带噪声干扰;当通信机制明确时,使用音调干扰,并且证明了干扰频率的最佳位置;在一定条件下,脉冲干扰能够对直接扩频系统产生有效干扰。以上分析对特定环境下的干扰样式选取具有一定的指导意义。     

对水声直扩通信系统的干扰效果分析

直接序列扩频(DSSS)技术以其良好的抗干扰性、抗衰落性在水声通信领域得到了广泛应用。因此,从通信干扰的角度来看,对直接序列扩频通信系统的干扰效果分析很有必要。首先利用Matlab对水声直接扩频通信系统进行仿真。随后用4种典型的干扰方法(宽带噪声干扰、部分频带噪声干扰、音调干扰和脉冲干扰)对此系统进行干扰。通过对4种典型干扰下系统的误比特率曲线进行对比分析。结果表明:在通信机制不明确的情况下宜使用部分频带噪声干扰;当通信机制明确时,使用音调干扰,并且证明了干扰频率的最佳位置;在一定条件下,脉冲干扰能够对直接扩频系统产生有效干扰。以上分析对特定环境下的干扰样式选取具有一定的指导意义。     

雷达/红外成像复合制导面临的干扰及对抗

分析了雷达/红外成像复合制导反舰导弹武器系统可能面临的干扰手段。将受干扰阶段分为开机搜索阶段和跟踪阶段。按照敌方施放干扰的战术意图,将开机搜索阶段可能面临的干扰分为迷惑干扰和冲淡干扰两类,将跟踪阶段可能面临的干扰分为转移干扰、质心干扰、压制干扰和欺骗干扰四类。研究了开机搜索阶段重新搜索时目标的选择方法和依据,以及跟踪阶段对抗各类干扰可采用的措施及预期对抗效果。对研究雷达/红外成像复合制导的干扰与抗干扰技术具有重要参考价值。     

调幅话信号时分干扰效果研究

针对时分多目标干扰效果的影响因素,从功率角度对其进行了公式推导,以干扰机发射功率、干扰占空比为变化参数,以话音可懂度、频谱失真测度为干扰效果评判指标,建立了调幅话信号时分法干扰仿真模型,通过仿真计算,得出了干扰机发射功率、干扰占空比与干扰效果的关系。     

海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统

现有海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统存在数据处理压力大、系统运行能耗高的缺陷,为此提出海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统设计研究。海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统硬件为局域网络信息传感器、干扰信息检测器与干扰信息自动消除装置单元,系统软件为局域网络信息读取与显示、干扰信息检测与干扰信息消除模块。通过系统硬件与软件的设计,实现海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统的设计。通过实验结果表明,与现有海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统相比较,设计的海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统降低了数据处理压力,系统运行能耗最低可达17.4 J,充分说明设计的海上局域网络信息干扰自动消除系统具备更好的消除性能。     

对反辐射导弹引信的干扰技术研究

从目前反辐射导弹引信的应用着手,重点分析了反辐射导弹引信的工作原理和对引信实施干扰的可行性,并提出了对反辐射导弹干扰的相关技术措施,主要包括扫频式干扰、转发式干扰、激光近炸引信欺骗干扰和无源干扰等,具有现实应用价值。     

水面舰艇远程迷惑式干扰布设方法

为实现水面舰艇电子战系统功能互补、协同作战,发挥水面舰艇电子战系统层次防御优势,研究了一种采用远程干扰弹布设的新型无源干扰作战样式。为提高远程迷惑式干扰作战能力,在分析迷惑式干扰原理和作战使用特点的基础上,提出了远程迷惑式干扰布设位置和使用时机的确定方法。对新型远程干扰弹迷惑式干扰系统参数确定和干扰决策研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

跳频通信链路干扰压制区的研究

基于影响跳频通信链路干扰压制区的因素,针对干扰能量、引导信号强度、有效干扰时间、几何视距等指标,提出跳频通信链路干扰压制区的计算方法,并进行实际分析。     

发电机工况监测系统中的干扰及其抑制

发电机在长期运行中,因受原动机、负载、环境等影响,工况在瞬时变化着,采用高精度的传感仪及仪表对其电压、电流、频率、转速、温升、振动及各控制单元实行检测和监控是实行安全运行的重要措施,电信号在检测及传输中,极易受到各种干扰;本文主要对静电耦合干扰、电磁耦合干扰、导电感应干扰及电磁幅射干扰产生的原因作分析,并以检测电路为例,提出有效抑制干扰的方法.     

石垣港换单简介及操船

由于中、日、韩航线及海峡两岸的航运市场不断发展,为了船舶的安全及经济效益,到我国台湾地区的船舶缩短在石垣港的换单时间及操船,关系到船舶的安全营运,抓好这一环节十分重要。     

Perceptions of Threats Facing Cabo de Palos - Islas Hormigas MPA and Potential Solutions

Many marine protected areas (MPAs) face a multitude of threats to the ecosystems that they have been established to conserve. This study is based on 111 interviews conducted in 2013–2014 designed to discover the perceptions of stakeholders about the threats, the causes of the threats, and their responses to the threats, to a well-established MPA – Cabo de Palos - Islas Hormigas (CPH-MPA). This MPA was created to safeguard fisheries and the associated artisanal fishers, but over time it has become a tourism “hotspot.” Resilience theory, which incorporates ecological resilience, social resilience, and individual resilience, helps us to analyze stakeholders' responses to threats by categorizing them into passive, adaptive, and transformative responses. We found respondents identified four main threats – over-fishing, excessive scuba diving, pollution, and invasive species; attributed the threats to three main causes – ineffective management, poor environmental stewardship, and climate change; and expressed three kinds of responses – do nothing, adapt, or transform – with a preference for adaptation and (especially) transformation. The lesson of this study is that it shows how, unless drastic action is taken to curb recreational diving activities, the CPH-MPA is in danger of changing from a fishing reserve to a largely unregulated leisure diving venue, which is unlikely to fulfill the requirements of resilience; ecological, social, or individual.     

Disused shrimp ponds: Options for redevelopment of mangroves

Associated with the rapid increase in the production of cultured marine shrimp has been large‐scale conversion of mangroves to shrimp ponds. Production in many regions has proved to be unsustainable, largely due to inappropriate construction methods, poor environmental conditions, overstocking, and disease. A number of shrimp ponds consequently are unproductive and lie idle. Accurate assessments of pond disuse are difficult to obtain; however, unofficial estimates have suggested that as many as 70% of ponds may be disused after a period in production. Pond construction, shrimp culture, and pond disuse lead to alterations to the physical and chemical properties of soil, hydrological conditions, and the flora and fauna composition of the pond area. The case for restoration, or rehabilitation to a sustainable use, is strong. Consideration must be given to the causes of production failure, the environmental conditions remaining following disuse, the needs and preferences of pond owners and coastal managers, and technical constraints.     

Quantifying uncertainty in high-resolution coupled hydrodynamic-ecosystem models

Marine ecosystem models are becoming increasingly complex and sophisticated, and are being used to estimate the effects of future changes in the earth system with a view to informing important policy decisions. Despite their potential importance, far too little attention has been, and is generally, paid to model errors and the extent to which model outputs actually relate to real-world processes. With the increasing complexity of the models themselves comes an increasing complexity among model results. If we are to develop useful modelling tools for the marine environment we need to be able to understand and quantify the uncertainties inherent in the simulations. Analysing errors within highly multivariate model outputs, and relating them to even more complex and multivariate observational data, are not trivial tasks. Here we describe the application of a series of techniques, including a 2-stage self-organising map (SOM), non-parametric multivariate analysis, and error statistics, to a complex spatio-temporal model run for the period 1988–1989 in the Southern North Sea, coinciding with the North Sea Project which collected a wealth of observational data. We use model output, large spatio-temporally resolved data sets and a combination of methodologies (SOM, MDS, uncertainty metrics) to simplify the problem and to provide tractable information on model performance. The use of a SOM as a clustering tool allows us to simplify the dimensions of the problem while the use of MDS on independent data grouped according to the SOM classification allows us to validate the SOM. The combination of classification and uncertainty metrics allows us to pinpoint the variables and associated processes which require attention in each region. We recommend the use of this combination of techniques for simplifying complex comparisons of model outputs with real data, and analysis of error distributions.     

大力推进信息化建设 提升企业综合竞争力

结合企业计算机应用的实际,以及造船生产劳动强度大、劳动环境恶劣、船用配件和材料种类繁多等特点,介绍在造船工业中,将设计、制造、管理等集为一体纳入计算机综合管理的集成系统,目的在于寻求一种采用计算机技术挖掘企业内部潜力,提高工作效率、推进企业信息化、加快企业生产和管理现代化、提升企业综合竞争力的新途径。     

集装箱港区土地集约利用

针对集装箱港区陆域土地集约化利用问题,结合行业规范、相关规划布置理论,采用数值计算、估算、统计相结合的方法,提出了一种用于港区陆域面积估算的公式。选取国内部分港区进行验证,基于假设的计算结果与实际用地面积相比偏差在-19. 63%～24. 08%,其中总偏差在15%、10%、5%以内的数量分别占样本总数量的80%、71%和43%,验证了公式的有效性。基于公式参数讨论和典型港区共性因素分析,认为港区陆域土地集约利用可采取以下措施:提高设备覆盖率,提高水-水中转比例,布置自动化堆场,采用新一代信息技术提高货物周转速度,布置集约化辅助生产设施,优化道路系统减少道路面积占比等。     

船体零部件标准化设计思路

为了提高造船效率、降低造船成本、提高造船质量,造船行业需要引入先进的智能制造理念。船舶制造作为典型的离散型制造行业,其传统的船舶设计、制造模式在一定程度上限制了智能制造技术的大范围推广应用,从船体零部件标准化设计角度,研究如何利用标准化设计手段来扩大船厂智能制造应用范围和场景。形成船体零部件标准化、批量化设计原则和标准,达到降低船舶智能制造技术难度,最终实现船舶制造向连续型生产模式转变的目的。     

Coastal Tourist Interest in Value-Added,Aquaculture-Based,Culinary Tourism Opportunities

Despite increasing focus on sustainable aquaculture investment in the U.S. coastal zones, the aquaculture industry continues to face skepticism among consumers due to perceived negative environmental impacts, and health and food safety concerns. Partnering with culinary tourism and local food promotion efforts has potential for improving public outreach about the benefits of aquaculture, especially in coastal destinations where sustainable marine aquaculture and tourism are both occurring. Culinary tourism implies that local foods reflect the local livelihood and culture, and may be important to the tourist's experience. Aquaculture is becoming increasingly valuable to coastal destinations for assuring the steady availability of local seafood to meet demand and retaining commercial fisheries as a means to differentiate themselves to tourists. This study examined the role of subjective knowledge and attitude about aquaculture, and their effect on intention to participate in value-added culinary aquaculture tourism experiences. The study found that tourists' subjective knowledge and attitude about aquaculture influenced intentions to participate in culinary aquaculture tourism. In order for farmers or tour operators to be successful in diversifying with value-added culinary aquaculture, attention needs to be paid to educating consumers, which may be possible through strategic partnerships with tourism organizations, chefs, and restaurants.     

Maritime security guidelines: a study of Swedish ports’ perceived barriers to compliance

ABSTRACT

Due to the constant risk of piracy and terrorist attacks which cause disturbances within international shipping of goods, barriers to the adoption of maritime security guidelines (MSGs) at European ports have become prevalent. In this paper, a conceptual framework was created to explore the perceived barriers that prevent compliance with MSGs. To verify the conceptual framework, empirical data were collected using a mixed-methods approach, which was comprised of interviews with national experts and a survey of 47% of Swedish ports involved in the shipping of goods. According to the presented framework, the perceived barriers of Swedish ports to compliance with MSGs were linked to collaborations within the Swedish Maritime Security stakeholder network, available resources and educational knowledge about security culture. In addition, the perceived barriers of smaller ports were linked to the adaptation to MSGs at different levels and the absence of specific tools of maritime security management. Due to an increased interest in international shipping of goods, this paper is currently one of few that addresses the barriers to compliance with MSGs. Moreover, the paper presents a general conceptual framework, novel managerial implications and recommendations for future research.     

大型水面舰艇生命力快速评估方法研究

大型水面舰艇的生命力评估对于预见风险,采取措施减小生命力损失,提高作战能力具有重要意义。针对其体积庞大的特点,从强度角度入手采用类似于损管的分块方法,将主船体分为若干区域,沿船长及高度方向设定不同分块的参数。随机模拟被击中的位置以及武器数量和种类,计算相应情况下的破坏程度。设立评判准则分析生命力损失的情况,并且计算发生概率。通过以上措施,初步形成了快速评估生命力的方法,可以迅速地对大型水面舰艇的生命力状况做出估计,便于软件实现和应用。