Characteristics of a bubble jet near a vertical wall

A numerical model of a coupled bubble jet and wall was built on the assumption of potential flow and calculated by the boundary integral method. A three-dimensional computing program was then developed. Starting with the basic phenomenon of the interaction between a bubble and a wall, the dynamics of bubbles near rigid walls were studied systematically with the program. Calculated results agreed well with experimental results. The relationship between the Bjerknes effect of a wall and characteristic parameters was then studied and the calculated results of various cases were compared and discussed with the Blake criterion based on the Kelvin-impulse theory. Our analyses show that the angle of the jet＇s direction and the pressure on the rigid wall have a close relationship with collapse force and the bubble＇s characteristic parameters. From this, the application range of Blake criterion can be determined. This paper aims to provide a basis for future research on the dynamics of bubbles near a wall.     

Interaction of two three-dimensional explosion bubbles

The interaction of two underwater explosion bubbles was mathematically analyzed in this paper. Based on the assumption of potential flow, high-order curved elements were used to discretize the boundary integral equation and solve it. Assuming that gas inside the bubble follows the isentropic rule, the Euler-Lagrange method was used to trace the evolution of the bubble, and when calculating the singular integral, the singularity of the double-layer singular integral was eliminated by reconstructing a principal-value integral of double-layer potential so that a more precise result could be obtained. Elastic mesh technique (EMT) was also used when tracing the evolution of the bubble interface, and numerical smoothing wasn't needed. A comparison of calculations using this three-dimensional model with results of the Reyleigh-Plesset bubble model shows that the three-dimensional model and calculation method in this paper is practical. This three-dimensional model was applied to simulate the interaction of two bubbles under the action of gravity, and the dynamic characteristics of two bubbles near the surface was also analyzed. Bubbles influenced by surface effects and gravity present severe non-linearity. This paper provides a reference for research into the dynamics of multi-bubbles.     

计入能量损失的气泡运动三维数值模拟

在前人研究的基础上,假设能量损失主要发生在气泡体积达到最小的瞬间,通过改变压力参数计及能量损失,结合势流理论,建立气泡三维动力学数值模型。采用边界积分法求解该数值模型,计算得到气泡的动态特性,计算值与实验值吻合良好,验证了数值模型和计算方法的有效性。基于此,分别对自由场中和边界附近的气泡动力学特性进行了模拟,包括水下爆炸气泡以及空化气泡,得到了一些规律性的曲线和结论,旨在为气泡的相关动态特性研究提供参考。     

水翼涡激振动的数值模拟研究

对二维水翼结构进行流固耦合运动分析,利用大涡模拟方法计算高雷诺数下水翼绕流场,流场力作用于二自由度刚体上导致周期性的垂荡和转动,龙格库塔法求解刚体水翼的运动方程,位移参数作为下一时间步流场计算的边界条件,具体通过编译自定义函数控制刚体运动和流场网格变化。探讨了初始攻角、刚心位置以及来流速度对水翼振动的影响,发现在来流速度增大至某一数值时水翼发生了颤振现象,并在时域与频域上对颤振的发生机理进行深入探讨。     

气泡动力学数值模型的稳定性研究

基于势流假设,建立气泡动力学数值模型,并开发计算程序.系统地分析了不同模型、不同单元类型的计算精度,以及网格划分、时间步等因素对计算结果的影响,验证了本文数值模型的收敛性,并在计算过程中分析了动能、势能及总能量随时间的变化.为考核文中建立的气泡动力学计算模型的有效性,分别将轴对称模型及三维模型与Rayleigh-Plesset气泡模型的精确解及实验数据、实验照片进行了对比分析,分析表明,计算结果与Rayleigh-Plesset模型及实验数据吻合很好,表明文中建立的计算模型是可行的、有效的.并分析了气泡在重力场中的运动特性.     

平面二维k-ε紊流模型不同壁函数的对比及研究

在平面二维紊流模型中壁函数起到连接流固的桥梁作用,克服了边界附近网格过密的困难,也是紊流模型应用中的一个重要环节,因此壁函数的选择对模型的模拟结果起着至关重要的作用。将3种不同形式的壁函数引入平面二维k-ε模型中,对丁坝绕流进行了数值计算,并将计算结果与实测数据进行了对比,从流场、流速、紊动动能分布及紊动耗散率等方面对3种壁函数进行优选验证,结果表明对数率壁函数优于其他两种形式的壁函数,其数值计算结果更接近实测数据。     

水下发射航行体空泡、气泡和自由面相互影响的理论研究

基于势流理论、细长体理论和奇点分布法,对水下发射过程中的航行体空泡、自由面和筒口气团的相互影响开展了理论研究。文中用一个奇点模拟气团、用沿轴线分布的奇点模拟细长体形状的航行体和空泡,建立了自由面影响下的气团和空泡相互耦合的动力学模型,提出了非定常流场中带气体泄漏现象的含气空泡的压力估算方法。实验结果验证了文中提出的模型的合理性。     

用基于SST模型的DES方法数值模拟圆柱绕流

分离涡数值模拟方法(DES)在物面附近求解雷诺平均Navier-Stokes方程,在其他区域采用大涡模拟方法.兼具前者计算量小的优点和后者能模拟大分离湍流流动、计算精度高的优势.采用基于剪切应力传输(SST)两方程湍流模型的DES方法对粘性不可压缩流体的圆柱绕流问题进行数值模拟.通过对所得的速度场、压力场、阻力系数Cd、升力系数Cl、斯特罗哈数St等结果的分析及与文献上的实验和计算数据的比较,说明DES方法对于层流及高亚临界雷诺数的圆柱绕流模拟是合理的.     

铝合金激光焊气孔数值模拟

采用透明玻璃观察激光焊过程的匙孔行为。基于菲涅耳吸收和多重反射方法,引入气泡模型,建立三维数值模型,研究铝合金激光焊中匙孔行为和匙孔型气孔的形成机理。结果表明:匙孔的形成与坍塌机理在数值模拟与试验中是相似的;匙孔前壁处的熔融金属沿前沿方向向下流动,而在匙孔后壁的熔池形成顺时针涡流;匙孔坍塌的主要步骤是匙孔后壁处形成凸起,匙孔后壁上的凸起继续向匙孔前壁处流动并与匙孔前壁接触形成液桥;气孔形成的主要因素是匙孔坍塌形成气泡和气泡被凝固界面捕获。     

微气泡减阻的二相湍流边界层模型计算

利用边界层中注入微气泡来降低固体壁面摩擦阻力是一项有实用价值且有待进一步研究的减阻技术.本文以含微气泡的湍流边界层为研究对象,以气液二相流理论为基础,对二相湍流边界层控制方程进行了详细讨论,并利用差分网格法进行了求解,计算结果表明微气泡具有明显的减阻效果.最后对影响减阻效果的因素进行了分析,指出了今后的研究方向.     

自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱的大涡模拟计算分析研究

壁面湍流脉动压力是重要的流噪声声源,对壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行数值计算是流声耦合领域的重要课题。文章在已有工作的基础上,采用大涡模拟方法(LES)结合动态亚格子涡模型(DSL)与千万量级的精细网格,对不同自由来流角度影响下壁面湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了数值计算与分析。首先,介绍了大涡模拟基本方法,包括:大涡模拟的物理内涵、基本方程以及所采用亚格子涡模型的表达式。其次,介绍了湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱及其计算与分析方法。再次,对不同自由来流角度情况下的湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱进行了计算,并将计算结果进行了比较分析,深入讨论了自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱的影响。结果表明,在自由来流角度影响下,湍流脉动压力及其波数—频率谱主要参数(包括波数—频率谱的谱级峰值、迁移脊在波数—频率域内的分布范围、迁移速度和无量纲迁移速度等)均发生了明显变化,说明自由来流角度对湍流脉动压力波数—频率谱有显著影响,且边界层内湍流脉动压力的能量主要沿流向分布。因此,为了更加准确可靠地研究边界层内湍流脉动压力的主要统计特性及其波数—频率谱,传感器阵列或监测点阵列布置方向应与当地流向(局部剪应力线或摩擦力线)一致。     

水下航行体垂直发射筒口压力场 L/E耦合数值模拟

采用 Lagrange 结构网格和 Euler 流场网格（L/E）耦合的数值仿真方法,对潜射航行器出筒后筒口压力场进行三维数值仿真分析。计算模型考虑海水的横向来流和航行体出筒过程对筒口气泡脉动的影响。仿真计算获得了筒口压力场气泡脉动主要特征,试验与计算的2个主要压力波峰曲线形状基本一致。通过对比计算表明,考虑横向流作用可以有效减少筒口压力场计算偏差。本文的计算方法及结论可为发射筒口压力场分析提供有益指导。     

水面舰船附近气泡运动数值模拟

当气泡在自由面和水面舰船附近运动时,两者的存在均会对气泡脉动产生影响。基于不可压缩势流理论,采用边界元方法对边界积分方程进行求解。针对建立自由面需要大量的网格,且处理自由面与水面结构交界面时数值不稳定,采用考虑自由面效应的格林函数取代基本格林函数,通过与自由面附近气泡轴对称模型的计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。通过对舰船结构附近的气泡运动射流特性进行模拟,发现当药包在舷侧和自由面附近爆炸时,气泡射流可能不会完全作用在舰船上,自由面效应的存在削弱了气泡的打击能力。     

关于圆柱绕流水动力特性的大涡数值模拟研究

基于有限体积法建立描述不可压缩粘性流体三维运动的数学模型,引入浸入边界法的无滑移固定壁边界条件和大涡数值模拟的Smagorinsky．Lilly亚格子模型,针对层流（Re=100）和湍流（Re=3900）状态下的圆柱绕流流场进行数值模拟研究,验证结果表明该方法能较有效模拟非定常圆柱绕流流场的形态。在层流状态下圆柱体下游存在形态清晰的卡门涡街结构且无明显的掺混现象;在Re=3900的湍流状态下圆柱下游的掺混现象显著增强,圆柱下游约1．0D处的脉动强度达到最大值。     

快艇气泡减阻的原理研究与相似比分析

分析了高速气泡船气液两相流动的特征,进而将气泡船复杂的三维流动简化为两维人工气泡绕流的两相流物理模型,并提出了两维人工气泡绕流的相似律.采用有限体积法和VOF方法,建立了两维人工气泡绕流的数学模型.应用该数学模型,研究了气泡船在无气泡、气泡封闭、气泡半开三种典型绕流时的气液流场特性,得到了气泡长度、气泡形状随来流速度、气泡腔压力、气体流量的变化规律,分析得出了在高速气泡船底部形成稳定气泡的力学条件.相关研究结果对高速气泡船底部气泡腔的设计具有指导意义.     

非结构化网格浸入边界法的流固耦合数值模拟(英文)

This paper presents an improved unstructured grid immersed boundary method. The advantages of both immersed boundary method and body fitted grids which are generated by unstructured grid technology are used to enhance the computation efficiency of fluid structure interaction in complex domain. The Navier-Stokes equation was discretized spacially with collocated finite volume method and Euler implicit method in time domain. The rigid body motion was simulated by immersed boundary method in which the fluid and rigid body interface interaction was dealt with VOS (volume of solid) method. A new VOS calculation method based on graph was presented in which both immersed boundary points and cross points were collected in arbitrary order to form a graph. The method is verified with flow past oscillating cylinder.     

Monolithic coupling of the pressure and rigid body motion equations in computational marine hydrodynamics

In Fluid Structure Interaction(FSI) problems encountered in marine hydrodynamics, the pressure field and the velocity of the rigid body are tightly coupled. This coupling is traditionally resolved in a partitioned manner by solving the rigid body motion equations once per nonlinear correction loop, updating the position of the body and solving the fluid flow equations in the new configuration. The partitioned approach requires a large number of nonlinear iteration loops per time–step. In order to enhance the coupling, a monolithic approach is proposed in Finite Volume(FV) framework,where the pressure equation and the rigid body motion equations are solved in a single linear system. The coupling is resolved by solving the rigid body motion equations once per linear solver iteration of the pressure equation, where updated pressure field is used to calculate new forces acting on the body, and by introducing the updated rigid body boundary velocity in to the pressure equation. In this paper the monolithic coupling is validated on a simple 2D heave decay case. Additionally, the method is compared to the traditional partitioned approach(i.e. "strongly coupled" approach) in terms of computational efficiency and accuracy. The comparison is performed on a seakeeping case in regular head waves, and it shows that the monolithic approach achieves similar accuracy with fewer nonlinear correctors per time–step. Hence, significant savings in computational time can be achieved while retaining the same level of accuracy.     

水下爆炸气泡对水面舰船载荷的数值研究

文章基于势流理论采用边界积分法求解拉普拉斯方程,阐述水面舰船附近三维爆炸气泡脉动过程的计算模型.通过数值计算获得气泡运动规律的同时,着重研究爆炸气泡对船体的载荷.计算结果揭示出爆炸气泡对水面舰船的整体破坏作用.     

采用薄壁梁模型的高速船板条梁弹性碰撞过程分析

从理论的角度以高速船的弹性碰撞问题为对象,将船体板架简化为板条梁结构,建立了薄壁梁-刚性墙碰撞模型,分析了其初始条件及边界条件,并对控制方程进行了数值求解.对给定算例进行了计算和结果分析,考虑并讨论了不同初始速度及初始缺陷对碰撞过程的影响.     

含微气泡二相湍流边界层减阻理论计算

利用边界层中注入微气泡降低固体壁面摩擦阻力的方法是一项有实用价值且有待进一步研究的减阻技术.本文以含有微气泡的湍流边界层为研究对象,以气液二相流理论为基础,建立了二相湍流边界层控制方程,在对控制方程进行详细讨论的基础上,利用差分网格法进行了求解,计算结果表明微气泡具有明显的减阻效果.最后对影响减阻效果的因素进行了分析,并指出了今后的研究方向.