重庆朝天门大桥QZ145 MN大吨位球型支座设计

针对重庆朝天门大桥的结构特点,设计一种超大承载力的球型支座。该球型支座主要由上支座板、球冠衬板、下支座板、平面四氟滑板、球面四氟滑板以及导向块等组成。通过设置弹性密封装置,解决支座的防水、防尘及大气腐蚀问题;设置限位约束机构,准确地控制支座极限水平力,以保护桥墩和梁体免遭地震等突发荷载的破坏;设置导向块结构,改善了支座的水平受力,同时避免了转动卡死现象。     

矩形沉箱外壁支座加强短筋伸出长度分析

针对矩形沉箱外壁支座处加强短筋伸出长度的问题,以某重力式沉箱码头项目为实例,采用有限元软件计算沉箱构件实际受力情况,分析支座短筋的伸出长度。计算结果显示,对于部分情况,支座加强短筋伸出支座外的长度大于板净跨的1/4。因此,对于矩形沉箱外壁支座加强短筋的伸出长度,不可简单地取规范规定的最小长度,而应通过进一步计算确定。     

板梁架设过程中支座脱空问题的分析

介绍板梁架设过程中支座脱空问题产生的原因及其危害，并提出预防措施及解决办法。     

考虑实际约束的沉箱底板内力计算

沉箱为薄壁构件，沉箱外壁和隔墙厚度通常小于底板厚度，难以对底板施加有效约束，不满足现行规范的四边固结板假设。通过采用有限元模型模拟沉箱外壁和隔墙对底板的实际约束效果，分析沉箱底板内力分布规律，并与四边固结板计算结果进行对比，表明按照四边固结板计算的跨中弯矩偏小10%左右，当不存在悬臂趾板时，四边固结板计算的支座弯矩偏大25%;当存在悬臂趾板时，四边固结板计算的支座弯矩偏小，偏差程度与悬臂趾板尺度有关。相关结论对沉箱的设计具有指导意义。     

水下爆炸载荷作用下空背板动态响应研究

为研究板架结构在水下爆炸载荷作用下的承载能力,采用数值方法计算空背固支方板在水下爆炸冲击波载荷作用下的动态响应,研究爆炸冲击因子对板的最终变形的影响,分析空背板材料应变率以及空气场压力变化对板的动态响应行为的影响,数值结果与试验结果基本一致,冲击因子越大,板中心的最终变形越大.结果表明,分析时必须考虑材料应变率的影响,但可不考虑空气场压力变化对板变形的影响.     

船体背液板架碰撞损伤机理研究

为研究舱内液货对船体结构损伤机理的影响,利用数值仿真软件MSC.Dytran,计算出背液板架流固耦合力、碰撞力、损伤变形以及能量吸收等,并与背空板架进行了对比分析.结果表明,背液板架的损伤机理明显区别于背空板架,流固耦合力使得结构的变形模式发生了改变、碰撞力增加、极限撞深减小.     

曲线钢箱梁支座反力分析及处理措施探讨

小半径曲线连续钢箱梁桥在初始设计支承条件下,在最不利工况时,支反力出现较大负值。如果不采取措施,桥梁运营期支座可能会脱空,对桥梁及桥墩正常使用带来不利影响。根据曲线梁桥的特点,防止支座脱空一般采用设置拉压支座,或者梁端配重、支座横向调整等构造措施。文中结合设计实例,根据有限元计算,比较配重前后支座反力,结合钢箱梁自身特点,确定采用的最优构造措施,理论上解决支座脱空的问题。通过成桥静载试验证实采取的措施具有良好效果。     

具有相同横梁或不同横梁的板架的稳定性

本文由两个部分组成。第一部分中討論了具有相同横梁板架的稳定性問題。在解題时,假設板架的纵梁和橫梁各具有相同的失稳形状X(x)和Y(y),从而将此种板架的稳定性問題轉化为一根相当纵梁在彈性基础上,或在相同的中間彈性支座上受到軸向力的稳定性問題,而X(x)为其失稳形状。上述彈性基础或彈性支座的刚性系数,以及相当纵梁的軸向力的大小,皆与某一相当橫梁的自由振动頻率有关,Y(y)即为該相当橫梁的自由振动形式。利用作者推导所得的公式,既可以用来計算纵梁相同的板架,得到与精确解相同的結果;也可以用来解不同纵梁的板架而得到近似解。在后一种情况下,本文的方法具有与现用方法相同妁精确性,但应用的范圍要广泛得多,且計算的工作量也大为减輕。論文的第二部分,討論了具有不同纵梁和不同横梁的析架稳定性问题。利用本文第一部分的推导,該問題可轉化为一根相当纵梁在不同的中間彈性支座上的稳定性問題。对于仅有一根不同横梁或一对对称布置的不同横梁的板架,又可将該問題的解簡化为一个单独的計算公式。文章还给出了数值計算的例題,以說明公式的应用和解題的工作量。     

波浪载荷直接计算的开体泥驳甲板铰链载荷设计方法

开体泥驳甲板铰链构件尺寸由直接计算确定,常规的开体泥驳甲板铰链设计中,存在载荷取值主观性大、海况影响考虑不准确、应力衡准困难等问题,采用基于波浪载荷直接计算的开体泥驳甲板铰链设计方法可以较好地解决上述问题。使用该方法对1艘1800 m3沿海自航开体泥驳的甲板铰链进行计算分析,根据计算结果进行甲板铰链疲劳寿命估算。结果表明,甲板铰链的高应力区出现在眼板与轴承支座的过渡处和铰链眼板自由边的中间部分,斜浪状态下波浪载荷对甲板铰链的影响最大,在开体泥驳甲板铰链的结构设计中应重视这类问题。     

船舶管线隔振支座布局优化设计的规范法

国内关于船舶管道隔振支承布局优化设计的标准和方法目前还没有建立,有关优化模型及算法的研究有待开展。借鉴美国ASME B31规范和综合考虑强度、刚度、稳定性、固有频率及振级落差等约束条件,提出了管线系统支座布局优化设计模型及规范设计法。该方法根据ASME B31规范初步确定支座的数量,通过几何优化设计支座的间距。提出迭代优化算法求解这上述问题,获得较优的支座数目与支座间距。通过算例,研究了不同优化目标函数的选择,(如支座造价、管线最大下垂或结构应变能等),对优化结果的影响;证明了有关模型与算法的有效性和实用性。     

Empty container repositioning in liner shipping1

The efficient and effective management of empty containers is an important problem in the shipping industry. Not only does it have an economic effect, but it also has an environmental and sustainability impact, since the reduction of empty container movements will reduce fuel consumption and reduce congestion and emissions. The purposes of this paper are: to identify critical factors that affect empty container movements; to quantify the scale of empty container repositioning in major shipping routes; and to evaluate and contrast different strategies that shipping lines, and container operators, could adopt to reduce their empty container repositioning costs. The critical factors that affect empty container repositioning are identified through a review of the literature and observations of industrial practice. Taking three major routes (Trans-Pacific, Trans-Atlantic, Europe–Asia) as examples, with the assumption that trade demands could be balanced among the whole network regardless the identities of individual shipping lines, the most optimistic estimation of empty container movements can be calculated. This quantifies the scale of the empty repositioning problem. Depending on whether shipping lines are coordinating the container flows over different routes and whether they are willing to share container fleets, four strategies for empty container repositioning are presented. Mathematical programming is then applied to evaluate and contrast the performance of these strategies in three major routes.     

四卷筒轻型RMG及其在空箱堆场中的应用

根据集装箱堆场空箱堆取作业的特点,提出了一种四卷筒轻型空箱RMG的方案,对其关键技术进行研究。目前该机型已用于空箱堆场作业,其适应性强、性价比高,特别适合于专业空箱堆场和中小码头应用。     

On the fluid-structure response of elastic-plastic ship sides subjected to impact loads

This paper presents a simplified numerical model capable of analysing the interaction between the structural dynamic response of elastic-plastic struck plate wall of a fluid tank subjected to wedge impact and the resulting fluid motion. The Variational Finite Difference Method (VFDM) is applied to analyse the structural dynamics of the struck plate and 2-D linear potential flow theory is used to study the resulting fluid motion and its effects on the structural dynamics of the struck plate. Experiments of a wedge indenter impacting with both empty and 90% filled tanks are carried out to study the structural deformation of the struck plate. The accuracy of the developed numerical model is validated with published results and experimental results, and good agreement is achieved. Through the comparison of the impact behaviour of empty and partially filled water tank, it is found that the resulting water motion helps to reduce the structural deformation of the struck plate since part of the impact energy is dissipated by the resulting water motion. Parametric studies are performed to investigate the effect of impact velocity and water level on the structural dynamics of the struck plate of a partially filled water tank. A case study is also conducted to demonstrate the potential application of the proposed method in analysing ship-ice impact problems.     

集群通信系统中微波多工器的应用研究

微波多工器对于解决集群通信系统中电磁兼容问题具有重要作用。文章全面介绍了现代微波多工器的各种设计方案,包括定向耦合器、星点式结构、多头线多工器、环形器耦合、可调相位器等方案,并对各种方案的优缺点进行了对比分析,最后重点讨论了UHF频段星点式可调多工器的设计方法。     

海运空箱调运模糊优化研究

介绍应用模糊规划的方法研究海运集装箱空箱调运问题,模型以空箱调运和租借费用最小为目标函数,考虑空箱供给能力、空箱需求量和空箱运输容量限制等条件,并考虑到空箱需求量是模糊数时的情况。     

新型智能间歇式采油原理分析及应用

针对抽油机井间抽制度难于确定、不便于执行的缺点,从分析油井问开机理入手,阐述了抽油机间抽控制的工作原理,结合低渗透油藏渗流规律,系统研究了抽油机在间抽过程中泵抽产量、沉没度以及液面恢复时沉没度随时间变化特点,通过数学建模、分析与论证,摸索出油井间开规律,为有效执行抽油机井间抽制度、提高泵效、节约电量、延长机杆使用寿命提供了一条新思路。     

Foldable container in empty container repositioning in intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road Initiative: strengths and limitations

In 2013, the concept of the ‘Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road (Belt and Road)’ was initiated by the Chinese government, which involves Asian, European and African continents and their adjacent seas. Logistics plays a core role in such a large framework of economy and trade. In recent years, China, European Union, and Southeast Asia pay much attention to the design and development of the intermodal transportation network towards both economic and environmental efficiency. In this paper, we propose an empty container repositioning model in the intermodal transportation network of Belt and Road (B&R) Initiative by considering both standard and foldable containers. In this model, empty containers are repositioned from the inland of the original area, such as China, to other areas of B&R Initiative related countries and regions, such as European Union and Southeast Asia. We develop a mixed integer linear programming model to determine the optimal repositioning of empty containers via the intermodal transportation network. An Artificial Bee Colony algorithm is developed to solve large size problems in practice and numerical experiments are conducted to show the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. We provide managerial insights regarding the impact on the network performance of foldable containers transportation.     

甲板开口围缘扁钢加强方式研究

针对开大长矩形口的甲板结构,在开口内缘加设围缘扁钢,可以降低角隅处的应力集中。采用参数化分析方法,基于结构有限元数值计算结果,研究不同甲板厚度、开口尺寸和角隅半径时,扁钢长、宽、厚尺寸参数对应力集中的影响,并分析其原因。研究结果表明,随着扁钢尺寸的增大,开口处应力集中系数为先减小后增大,合理地设计扁钢加强方式才能有效降低应力集中。通过参数化计算,提出开口处围缘扁钢加强方式优化设计思想,给出最佳扁钢宽度值、厚度的设计公式及设计图谱,可以为甲板开口加强设计提供参考。     

Fuzzy empty containers excess estimation as an economic indicator—the case of the north Adriatic port system

Today, approximately 90% of the world’s cargo is moved by ships and almost all general cargoes are transported in containers. Worldwide container traffic has increased over the last 20 years by 7% annually, and containerization has begun to seriously impact global trade patterns. As a result, container terminals have become very important nodes in the world’s supply chain. In this article, we have highlighted the link between the total and empty container traffic and the global economy. By way of example, we have analysed the empty container traffic in north Adriatic ports in the years before and during the global economic crisis and in a period of stability after the major economic slump. We used a fuzzy multicriteria algorithm to find out how the global crisis, which has affected ports, influences the number of excess empty containers at the terminals. We show that these factors, in particular the change of the global financial and economic situation, have different repercussions to the ports of the north Adriatic: less serious effects upon the ports that are well connected locally and substantial consequences for the ports that are well connected globally.     

How do ocean carriers organize the empty containers reposition activity in the USA?

The routing of empty containers is an unavoidable activity of the intermodal chain. In fact, import containers that arrive at a national port are sent toward a multiplicity of interior destinations. Then the empty containers must return to a port to accomplish an export voyage. The purpose of this paper is to analyse the organizational choice of ocean carriers to reposition their empty containers in the USA. Ocean carriers have four options to relocate their empty containers: the spot organization and the adoption of three different renewable contracts to frame the externalization. How do ocean carriers choose their organization form to relocate their empty containers?