并联混合动力汽车改进模糊控制策略研究

本文提出一种兼顾电池SOC限值方法的混合动力汽车多种群遗传模糊控制策略。引入模糊逻辑控制以增强整车控制系统鲁棒性、实时性;用多种群遗传算法对模糊变量隶属度函数进行优化,使在模糊逻辑控制下整车燃油消耗得到降低;使用电池SOC限值方法避免电池在SOC过低时继续放电。利用matlab平台联合advisor软件进行联合仿真实验,仿真结果表明多种群遗传模糊模糊控制策略能够比advisor软件默认的电机辅住控制策略燃油经济性提高6.96%的情况,SOC限值方法使电池工作在更加合理的SOC值区间范围内,有效保护电池。     

转移式电池均衡技术在电动汽车中的应用研究

电池是电动汽车中非常重要的组成部件,电池组中各单体电池受原材料、技术工艺、使用环境等影响,在使用期间会发生电压不均衡的问题,并且会逐渐积累和加重,极易引起个别电池过充电或过放电损坏,从而导致电池组无法正常工作,直接影响到电动汽车的续航里程。转移式电池均衡技术从电池外部有效解决了电池组内单体电池间电压严重不均衡所导致电池组使用寿命短的问题。通过采用主动均衡技术,使相邻电池电压差处于最小状态。技术方案经大量实践验证,可有效延长电动汽车电池组的循环使用寿命。     

新技术新工艺

正多能源游览船舶综合电力推进系统研发成功由集美大学承担的交通运输部应用基础(主干学科)研究项目"多能源船舶电力系统能量动态规划及控制策略研究"通过验收。项目采用太阳能、锂电池组及柴油发电机,结合电力推进技术,对三种不同应用环境下多能源电力系统的拓扑结构进行研究,提出了多重冗余技术和电压均衡技术的电池能量管理系统,设计了基于逻辑门限值的能量分配控制和动态规划调度策略,开发能量动态管理和控制系统,采用工业网络技术和信息技术,研发了太阳能船舶综合监视与报警系统,以及多能源游览船舶综合电力推进系统集成技术。项目研发的具有自主知识产权的     

在线检测太阳能光伏电池组件参数的系统及检测方法

权利要求1.一种在线检测太阳能光伏电池组件参数的系统,其特征在于,其包括多个太阳能光伏电池组件参数检测单元和一个基站数据处理单元,太阳能光伏电池组件参数检测单元集成了自可变负载电路、隔离驱动电路、第一无线收发电路、高速AD转换电路、存储器和微处理器,自可变负载电路、隔离驱动电路、第一无线收发电路、高速AD转换电路、存储器都与微处理器连接;基站数据处理单元包括第二无线收发电路和主控设备。     

汽车新节能技术的展望

文章介绍了目前国际上几种比较新颖的节能技术,诸如能量收集与储存新技术、汽主行驶中的能量回收再生技术,电容器和电池二次电池能量回收再生技术、飞轮电动汽车的能量回收与利用技术等等。     

电动汽车动力电池双向充电器无功治理功能研究

双向变流器自身可以做到功率因数为1,还可根据需求输出必要的有功和无功到交流侧,而电网中有大量波动的无功负载和非线性负载,这会导致电网的供电质量下降。文章采用三相桥式PWM双向变流器作为主电路,进行三相桥式双向变流器的数学模型分析,讨论了具备无功治理功能的动力电池充电双向变流器的工作方式,并通过仿真分析了双向变流器在能量吸收模式下进行无功治理、仅能量回馈模式以及能量回馈同时进行无功治理模式的运行结果,实现了能量吸收及能量回馈模式下的无功治理,结果证明该控制方法可行有效。     

管道电流测绘系统中发射电路的设计与仿真

管道电流测绘系统(Pipeline Current Mapper)是一种用于地下管道外防腐层破损检测的装置,通过向地下管道发射一种用于管道检测的甚低频电流信号(接近直流)进行检测。针对检测的原理,开发出一种PCM发射电路。该发射电路采用超高运行速度的单片机和D/A转换器编程产生甚低频正弦波信号,再经有源低通滤波器滤波和OCL功率放大电路的调整,最终输出频率可调的甚低频正弦波信号。最后,将设计的发射电路放在Proteus7.4仿真软件中进行仿真,通过仿真得到的结果,分析得出该发射电路能非常精确地产生PCM系统所需的信号。     

如何在路线设计中体现安全性

公路设计本身存在的一些问题是诱发交通事故的重要原因之一,而路线设计又直接影响着行车的安全及舒适性,因此设计时应综合考虑公路的平面线形、纵断面线形和横断面形式三者间的关系以及对交通安全的影响,通过改善线型设计,作到平面顺适、纵面均衡、横面合理,达到安全、舒适的目的,以期从根本上解决行车安全问题。     

轨道交通能效管理系统分析

轨道交通能效管理系统能够对线网电能量运营数据进行实时监测与存储,通过数据分析及优化措施,可以实现轨道交通全系统层面的节能设计。通过分析城市轨道交通能耗特点,结合重庆轨道交通运营系统电能能耗的实际情况,提出了轨道交通能效管理系统设置方案;通过车站变电所的智能化仪表和电能量采集装置,达到对线路电能量运营状态的实时监测,实现对电能的信息化管理、智能化评估、节约化控制等3大功能。     

沃尔沃研发插电式混合动力客车

据悉,在瑞典能源部等相关政府部门的支持下,沃尔沃正在开发一款插电式混合动力客车。该车核心技术与目前的沃尔沃混合动力客车基本相同,即对制动能量进行回收并用于电机供电。不同之处在于该车使用了一种新型电池和充电装置,从而能够通过电网给电池充     

钢纤维混凝土在高速公路桥面铺装层中的应用

文章介绍泵送钢纤维混凝土在漳龙高速公路龙岩段高架桥桥面铺装层中的应用及配合比设计。     

Preliminary investigation of PM1, PM2.5, PM10 and its metal elemental composition in tunnels at a subway station in Shanghai,China

In this study, real-time monitoring campaigns were conducted in two tunnels (Line A and Line B) at a subway station in Shanghai, including temperature, relative humidity, PM₁, PM_2.5 and PM₁₀, in order to understand the climate and PM characteristics in the transportation microenvironment. In addition, collected floor dust particles in the tunnel were analyzed by ICP for their metal elemental composition. Strong correlations occurred between all PM levels and meteorological parameters in the tunnel of Line A (with platform screen doors), in comparison with the weak correlations between such parameters in the tunnel of Line B (without platform screen doors). PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ between peak hours and off-peak hours for both lines presented significant differences (p < 0.05), respectively. Nevertheless, PM₁ showed a different pattern, with p > 0.05 for Line A and p < 0.05 for Line B, respectively. In addition, statistical results concluded that PM had an evident weekly variation for both lines. Friday was the highest day of all particulate matters in monitoring periods for both lines. Ratios of PM₁/PM₁₀ and PM_2.5/PM₁₀ were high when trains were out of service and low when trains were in service. Relative abundance of metal elements detected from floor dust particles proved that floor dust particles in tunnels might be a major source of airborne PM in the subway microenvironments, with Fe as the most abundant metal element, followed by Ca, Al, Mg, Mn, Zn, Cu, Cr, Ni, Pb and Hg.     

A week in the life of baby boomers: how do they see the spatial–temporal organization of their activities and travel?

In this paper, we take an initial look at the spatial and temporal flexibility in the activity patterns of the so-called “baby-boomer” cohort (born 1947–1966) in comparison with younger and older adults. Using a unique longitudinal survey carried in Quebec City from 2002 to 2005, we explore activity patterns and trip rates over a seven-day observation period during the first wave, and take a first look at some aspects of their evolution over two subsequent waves at about one-year intervals. We model the propensity to undertake activities within selected conventional non-work classifications such as “shopping” and “leisure”, and also according to respondents’ own perceptions of the spatial and temporal flexibility of each out-of-home activity that they had executed. While we cannot strictly separate cohort effects from age-related effects, after controlling for gender and household structure, we infer that age and related lifestyle effects dominate in explaining these propensities. However, the boomers were the only age stratum to increase their total out-of-home activity participation over the course of the panel, an intriguing starting point for the future study of this cohort.

Behavior of the cell transmission model and effectiveness of ramp metering

The paper characterizes the behavior of the cell transmission model of a freeway, divided into N sections or cells, each with one on-ramp and one off-ramp. The state of the dynamical system is the N-dimensional vector n of vehicle densities in the N sections. A feasible stationary demand pattern induces a unique equilibrium flow in each section. However, there is an infinite set—in fact a continuum—of equilibrium states, including a unique uncongested equilibrium n^u in which free flow speed prevails in all sections, and a unique most congested equilibrium n^con. In every other equilibrium n^e one or more sections are congested, and n^u  n^e  n^con. Every equilibrium is stable and every trajectory converges to some equilibrium state.Two implications for ramp metering are explored. First, if the demand exceeds capacity and the ramps are not metered, every trajectory converges to the most congested equilibrium. Moreover, there is a ramp metering strategy that increases discharge flows and reduces total travel time compared with the no-metering strategy. Second, even when the demand is feasible but the freeway is initially congested, there is a ramp metering strategy that moves the system to the uncongested equilibrium and reduces total travel time. The two conclusions show that congestion invariably indicates wastefulness of freeway resources that ramp metering can eliminate.     

Sources and exposure risk of trace elements for traffic policemen in roadside locations

Samples of PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ at four types of roadside location (major road, secondary road, branch road, and expressway) in Tianjin were collected and analyzed in 2015. The average annual roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ concentrations were higher than the national ambient air quality standard (NAAQS: GB3095-2012). The chromium (Cr), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), arsenic (As), and cadmium (Cd) concentrations in both PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ over four seasons displayed significant differences (p < 0.05). An enrichment factor (EF) analysis revealed that Cd, copper (Cu), Zn, As, Ni, and Pb in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ mainly originated from anthropogenic sources. A factor analysis (FA) and correlation analysis (CA) revealed that vehicle emissions (exhaust and non-exhaust), soil dust, coal combustion, and industrial emissions were the main sources of roadside PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ in Tianjin. Both the total hazard quotients (total HQ) and the total carcinogenic risk (total CR) for selected elements in PM_2.5 and PM₁₀ were within acceptable limits. The HQ of Pb was higher than for other metals, and it should therefore be given special attention. The CR for traffic policemen was highest for Cr exposure (1.01 × 10⁻⁵ for PM_2.5 and 1.52 × 10⁻⁵ for PM₁₀), followed by As and Ni. A sensitivity analysis showed that the total contributions of the metal concentrations, exposure time (ET), and exposure frequency (EF) accounted for over 50% of the risk for Cr, As, and Ni, suggesting that these metals had the greatest impact on the uncertainty of health risk assessments.     

Managing transportation during highway reconstruction: A recommended process

Major highway reconstruction can cause significant disruptions to existing travel patterns and economic activity. Reducing these impacts on travelers, shippers, businesses and residents requires that innovative and effective transportation management actions be developed and implemented. This paper reports the major findings and recommendations of a research study on managing transportation during highway, reconstruction. The primary objectives of the study were

Comparative analysis of household car,motorcycle and bicycle ownership between Osaka metropolitan area,Japan and Kuala Lumpur,Malaysia

The interactions among different types of vehicle ownership including car, motorcycle and bicycle are examined by developing simultaneous vehicle ownership models in this study. Large scale person trip survey data for Osaka metropolitan area, Japan and Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia are used for empirical analysis. The results suggest that population density at residential area significantly and negatively affects car ownership for both areas, and that the effects are larger for Osaka metropolitan area than for Kuala Lumpur. Also, bicycle ownership becomes higher at higher population density area for Osaka area, while higher at lower population density area for Kuala Lumpur, which represents the different usage patterns of bicycle between the two areas.

Examining the influence of multidestination service orientation on transit service productivity: a multivariate analysis

Between 1990 and 2000, U.S. transit agencies added service and increased ridership, but the ridership increase failed to keep pace with the service increase. The result was a decline in service effectiveness (or productivity). This marks the continuation of a long-running and often-studied trend. The scholarly literature attributes this phenomenon, at least in part, to transit agency decisions to decentralize their service rather than focus on serving the traditional CBD market. Many scholars argue that a decentralized service orientation is both ineffective and inefficient because it attracts few riders and requires large per-rider subsidies. This research tests whether a non-traditional, decentralized service orientation, called multidestination service, results in reduced service productivity. Contrary to what the literature suggests, we find that MSAs whose transit agencies pursued a multidestination service orientation did not experience lower productivity. These results indicate that policies that have encouraged the growth of decentralized transit services have not necessarily been detrimental to the industry.