燃气轮机应用于车用动力装置的可行性分析研究

本文描述了燃气轮机的当前发展现状,重点阐述了其应用于车辆的具体方式,以及相应的优势和劣势,并介绍了采用陶瓷材料的燃气轮机以及新型的燃气轮机混合动力汽车,分析了其应用可行性,提出了提高燃气轮机燃油经济性的有效措施。文章最后对车用燃气轮机的前景进行了展望,为科学研究及工程应用提供了必要的理论依据。     

新型注浆材料在岩溶隧道支护中的应用研究

我国西南地区岩溶地质条件发育良好,为交通隧道建设带来极大的挑战。为了能够科学治理岩溶隧道突涌、塌陷等问题,文章通过室内研发、制备新型岩溶地层注浆加固材料,对其开展凝结试验与抗压强度等物理性质研究,并依托西南某公路隧道工程对其工程实际应用性与经济性展开了深入探讨,发现新型注浆材料在岩溶隧道支护中取得了良好的加固效果,且具有工期短、经济成本低的特殊优势,在岩溶隧道支护中应用前景十分广阔。     

波纹钢结构工程应用与前景

本文主要介绍了国内外波纹钢结构工程应用与发展,深入阐述了波纹钢结构工程应用的技术特点和主要应用领域与范围及应用条件、常用结构类型与技术参数、设计与施工方法以及其优势和前景,以供参考。     

生态挡土墙在工程中的应用展望

随着当今社会对生态和环保要求的提高,常规的挡土墙难以满足需求,生态挡土墙作为一种新型的挡土墙,既能保证受力,又具有生态、环保的特点,在工程中应大力进行推广和使用。本文通过对生态挡土墙的特点与优势进行了介绍,展望了生态挡土墙的应用前景。     

嵌入式一体化车道机在高速公路收费系统的应用

车道机是高速公路收费系统的重要组成部分,主要用于对高速公路车道收费系统以及相关外围设备采集的各种信号进行控制和处理。文章介绍了嵌入式一体化车道机所具备的功能及工作原理,阐述了其技术特性,并通过与传统人工收费车道机的对比,分析了嵌入式一体化车道机的应用优势与前景。     

CTOR连接剂对干法橡胶沥青混合料性能及工艺影响研究

为验证国产CTOR新型胶粉干法橡胶沥青的性能,对CTOR新型胶粉干法橡胶沥青进行飞散试验验证。首先使其与纯胶粉、CTOR干法橡胶沥青进行了对比,其次与其他橡胶沥青工艺进行了对比,最后对其存储性的长短进行了探究;同时也对其路用性能进行了测试。结果显示,CTOR新型胶粉干法橡胶沥青不仅提高了性能,较之其他橡胶沥青还存在巨大优势,也优化了施工工艺。     

中长周期波涌浪海域自升式碎石桩平台施工技术优化与应用

中交二航局结合以色列Ashdod港复杂海况下的水工护岸工程,对传统碎石桩施工工艺进行优化,建立了复杂海况下碎石桩施工各相关工艺技术措施,研发和设计了专门用于复杂海况下施工的碎石桩施工平台。文章简要介绍了自升式碎石桩平台在以色列Ashdod港工程中的应用,简述了其工作原理以及在中长周期波涌浪海域施工的若干技术优势,并对其进行了能效分析,展示了自升式碎石桩平台在提升效率、减少消耗、降低排放的广泛前景。     

双线往复吊厢组式索道的技术进展及应用前景

本文通过对新型往复吊厢组式索道的技术特点分析，阐述了此种索道系统及设计关键点，并通过和传统往复式索道的比较，分析了其应用前景。     

《仪表技术与传感器》杂志主要栏目介绍

正传感器技术该栏目主要报道传感器在研制开发中的新技术,包括各种新型传感器的结构、原理、设计、计算、工艺测试及应用技术;介绍传感器方面最新发展现状及方向,并对其应用前景和发展趋势进行展望或预测。仪器仪表该栏目侧重选用新技术应用与传统产业改造相     

机械复合管在海底管道中的应用

原油、湿气含有CO2或H2S是造成海底管道内腐蚀失效的主要原因之一。机械复合管作为一种新型管材,可以有效解决CO2或H2S造成的内腐蚀问题,在国际上得到了广泛应用,但其在国内油气田开发海底管道中,尚无应用先例。文中介绍了机械复合管的制造原理、设计制造规范、用作海底管道的技术要求、海上安装技术特点以及应用前景。文中研究了机械复合管在海底管道中应用对设计制造和安装技术的要求,以推动其在国内油气田开发海底管道中的应用。     

HCCI内燃机工作过程控制方式研究及技术前景展望

本文介绍了均质压燃(HCCI)内燃机的工作过程及技术特点,重点阐述了对其工作过程的控制方式,并对其未来发展前景进行了展望,同时点明了其当前面临的技术挑战。HCCI内燃机是近年来广受关注的一类新型内燃机,其兼具传统汽油机及柴油机的技术优势,尽管其目前依然存在一定的技术挑战,但随着相关技术的不断完善与优化,其必将得以广泛应用。     

中国巴士与客车制造业的现实与前景

Consumers can only see a vogue sight of China bus & coach industry.Although it has became the largest manufacturing center in theworld,most main indicators of automotive type are still kept at the level of the last century and its commercial value remains low.As Automobiles are invented more than 100 years ago in Europe and used in public transportation.They became main ways of transportation in human life because of large production in flow line in America.The advantages of private cars lie in its freedom and convenience as well as traveling comfort;traveling by bus&coach is increasingly attractive as the rapid development of road     

Life cycle ownership cost and environmental externality of alternative fuel options for transit buses

This paper assesses alternative fuel options for transit buses. We consider the following options for a 40-foot and a 60-foot transit bus: a conventional bus powered by either diesel or a biodiesel blend (B20 or B100), a diesel hybrid-electric bus, a sparking-ignition bus powered by Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) or Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG), and a battery electric bus (BEB) (rapid or slow charging). We estimate life cycle ownership costs (for buses and infrastructure) and environmental externalities caused by greenhouse gases (GHGs) and criteria air pollutants (CAPs) emitted from the life cycle of bus operations. We find that all alternative fuel options lead to higher life cycle ownership and external costs than conventional diesel. When external funding is available to pay for 80% of vehicle purchase expenditures (which is usually the case for U.S. transit agencies), BEBs yield large reductions (17–23%) in terms of ownership and external costs compared to diesel. Furthermore, BEBs’ advantages are robust to changes in operation and economic assumptions when external funding is available. BEBs are able to reduce CAP emissions significantly in Pittsburgh’s hotspot areas, where existing bus fleets contribute to 1% of particulate matter emissions from mobile sources. We recognize that there are still practical barriers for BEBs, e.g. range limits, land to build the charging infrastructure, and coordination with utilities. However, favorable trends such as better battery performance and economics, cleaner electricity grid, improved technology maturity, and accumulated operation experience may favor use of BEBs where feasible.     

动力锂电池与电力推进船舶发展分析

文章通过对主要类型锂离子电池技术指标和特性进行梳理,研究了锂离子电池的热管理技术、安全性、火灾消防技术等应用重点环节的技术要点,分析了锂电池在船舶动力系统中的作用及全电池动力系统和混合动力系统的技术特点,为应用锂电池的新能源船舶研发提供参考。最后介绍了目前国内外应用储能电池动力船舶的多个典型案例,简要阐述了各个案例中的船舶核心参数和主要特点,总结了当前电池动力船舶的主要应用船型、锂电池类型、应用市场及政策、规范现状,认为锂电池动力船舶的发展前景光明,但在相关政策和船舶规范研究方面尚需进一步完善。     

埋地输油管道腐蚀成因及防护

埋地管道运输是目前原油的主要输送方式,它的使用优点日益突出。由于埋地管道运行环境复杂,各种原因造成的管道腐蚀严重影响其使用寿命和所输油品质量,甚至造成泄漏而污染环境。通过对埋地输油管道的腐蚀特点及其影响因素进行分析,包括腐蚀的种类和相应的防护措施,指出了防腐覆盖层各有优缺点,应根据管道线路的地质条件、环境而定,提出了今后管道腐蚀的发展方向。     

An analysis of the retail and lifecycle cost of battery-powered electric vehicles

Regulators, policy analysts, automobile manufacturers, environmental groups, and others are debating the merits of policies regarding the development and use of battery-powered electric vehicles (BPEVs). At the crux of this debate is lifecycle cost: the annualized initial vehicle cost, plus annual operating and maintenance costs, plus battery replacement costs. To address this issue of cost, we have developed a detailed model of the performance, energy use, manufacturing cost, retail cost, and lifecycle cost of electric vehicles and comparable gasoline internal-combustion engine vehicles (ICEVs). This effort is an improvement over most previous studies of electric vehicle costs because instead of assuming important parameter values for such variables as vehicle efficiency and battery cost, we model these values in detail. We find that in order for electric vehicles to be cost-competitive with gasoline ICEVs, batteries must have a lower manufacturing cost, and a longer life, than the best lithium-ion and nickel–metal hydride batteries we modeled. We believe that it is most important to reduce the battery manufacturing cost to $100/kWh or less, attain a cycle life of 1200 or more and a calendar life of 12 years or more, and aim for a specific energy of around 100 Wh/kg.     

Daily rhythms of suburban commuters’ movements in the Tallinn metropolitan area: Case study with mobile positioning data

The objective of this study is to analyse the diurnal rhythms of city life and its spatial differences in Tallinn, using mobile telephone positioning data. The positioning experiment was carried out in April 2006 over an 8-day period and 15-min intervals, with a random sample of 277 respondents living in new residential areas outside the city of Tallinn.The investigation of the space–time movements and daily distances of respondents showed that the majority of respondents had a similar temporal rhythm related to work, school, services and leisure in the city. Because of the different timing of those activities, the mobile positioning data made it possible to map functional differences in the city. The advantages and disadvantages of mobile positioning data in mapping urban life are discussed in the final section of the study.     

Effects of battery chemistry and performance on the life cycle greenhouse gas intensity of electric mobility

Lithium traction batteries are a key enabling technology for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). Traction battery manufacture contributes to vehicle production emissions, and battery performance can have significant effects on life cycle greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions for PEVs. To assess emissions from PEVs, a life cycle perspective that accounts for vehicle production and operation is needed. However, the contribution of batteries to life cycle emissions hinge on a number of factors that are largely absent from previous analyses, notably the interaction of battery chemistry alternatives and the number of electric vehicle kilometers of travel (e-VKT) delivered by a battery. We compare life cycle GHG emissions from lithium-based traction batteries for vehicles using a probabilistic approach based on 24 hypothetical vehicles modeled on the current US market. We simulate life-cycle emissions for five commercial lithium chemistries. Examining these chemistries leads to estimates of emissions from battery production of 194–494 kg CO₂ equivalent (CO₂e) per kWh of battery capacity. Combined battery production and fuel cycle emissions intensity for plug-in hybrid electric vehicles is 226–386 g CO₂e/e-VKT, and for all-electric vehicles 148–254 g CO₂e/e-VKT. This compares to emissions for vehicle operation alone of 140–244 g CO₂e/e-VKT for grid-charged electric vehicles. Emissions estimates are highly dependent on the emissions intensity of the operating grid, but other upstream factors including material production emissions, and operating conditions including battery cycle life and climate, also affect life cycle GHG performance. Overall, we find battery production is 5–15% of vehicle operation GHG emissions on an e-VKT basis.     

Carbon and energy footprints of electric delivery trucks: A hybrid multi-regional input-output life cycle assessment

Due to frequent stop-and-go operation and long idling periods when driving in congested urban areas, the electrification of commercial delivery trucks has become an interesting topic nationwide. In this study, environmental impacts of various alternative delivery trucks including battery electric, diesel, diesel-electric hybrid, and compressed natural gas trucks are analyzed. A novel life cycle assessment method, an environmentally-extended multi-region input-output analysis, is utilized to calculate energy and carbon footprints throughout the supply chain of alternative delivery trucks. The uncertainties due to fuel consumption or other key parameter variations in real life, data ranges are taken into consideration using a Monte Carlo simulation. Furthermore, variations in regional electricity mix greenhouse gas emission are also considered to present a region-specific assessment for each vehicle type. According to the analysis results, although the battery electric delivery trucks have zero tailpipe emission, electric trucks are not expected to have lower environmental impacts compared to other alternatives. On average, the electric trucks have slightly more greenhouse emissions and energy consumption than those of other trucks. The regional analysis also indicates that the percentage of cleaner power sources in the electricity mix plays an important role in the life cycle greenhouse gas emission impacts of electric trucks.     

Trends in life cycle greenhouse gas emissions of future light duty electric vehicles

The majority of previous studies examining life cycle greenhouse gas (LCGHG) emissions of battery electric vehicles (BEVs) have focused on efficiency-oriented vehicle designs with limited battery capacities. However, two dominant trends in the US BEV market make these studies increasingly obsolete: sales show significant increases in battery capacity and attendant range and are increasingly dominated by large luxury or high-performance vehicles. In addition, an era of new use and ownership models may mean significant changes to vehicle utilization, and the carbon intensity of electricity is expected to decrease. Thus, the question is whether these trends significantly alter our expectations of future BEV LCGHG emissions.To answer this question, three archetypal vehicle designs for the year 2025 along with scenarios for increased range and different use models are simulated in an LCGHG model: an efficiency-oriented compact vehicle; a high performance luxury sedan; and a luxury sport utility vehicle. While production emissions are less than 10% of LCGHG emissions for today’s gasoline vehicles, they account for about 40% for a BEV, and as much as two-thirds of a future BEV operated on a primarily renewable grid. Larger battery systems and low utilization do not outweigh expected reductions in emissions from electricity used for vehicle charging. These trends could be exacerbated by increasing BEV market shares for larger vehicles. However, larger battery systems could reduce per-mile emissions of BEVs in high mileage applications, like on-demand ride sharing or shared vehicle fleets, meaning that trends in use patterns may countervail those in BEV design.