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推力环和推力瓦之间的楔形润滑油膜是实现螺旋桨推力传递的重要环节,其轴向动特性直接关乎船舶轴系转子的纵向振动特性。文章分别论述了船舶可倾瓦推力轴承楔形润滑油膜轴向动特性的一维流近似解析方法和二维流数值方法,在已求得油膜静特性基础上,分别结合偏导数法和小摄动法获解了油膜动特性,推导了两种方法计算油膜动特性的求解式,并给出了详细计算过程。以某船舶可倾瓦推力轴承为算例,对两种方法的计算结果作了比较分析,得到了最小油膜厚度、油膜承载力和油膜轴向刚度三者间的一般变化规律,讨论了油膜动特性随轴转速的变化关系。计算结果为基于转子动态模型研究轴系纵向振动的传递机理提供了油膜动特性数据。 相似文献
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为确保带减速齿轮箱主推进系统的可靠性,文章对船舶轴系的扭转振动进行了研究。首先根据各组成部件的特点将轴系分解为连续和离散的两个子系统,分别利用波分析法和多自由度系统分析法列出连续子系统的波动形式及离散子系统的振动微分方程,同时考虑了减速齿轮箱油膜刚度的影响。然后根据两子系统连接处的动态平衡和连续条件,建立整个轴系在扭转振动模式下总运动方程,通过求解总方程得到系统的位移响应。该扭转振动分析被应用到某LNG船带减速齿轮箱的轴系振动计算中,通过考虑轴系减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度使轴系扭转振动模型更接近轴系实际运转工况。计算结果显示:随着减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度的增加,最大轴系扭转应力向低转速区域偏移。这对船舶轴系转速禁区的划分产生极大的影响。有助于防止因不良轴系振动计算引起轴系事故的发生。 相似文献
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以单支点可倾瓦推力轴承为研究对象,基于流体动压润滑原理,建立推力轴承油膜的几何模型,采用计算流体力学的方法分析轴系非倾斜和轴系倾斜2种状态下推力轴承油膜的静动特性。通过Fluent仿真计算得到油膜表面的压强分布以及油膜提供给推力环的承载力,将计算结果处理后得到了转速-刚度表和转速-阻尼表。结果表明:轴系倾斜对油膜所产生的承载力的影响较小,但会导致不同瓦块所受的载荷大小不一,造成不同瓦块之间的性能差异;推力轴转速的变化对油膜刚度系数的影响较大,对油膜阻尼系数的影响较小;在转速不变的情况下,轴系倾斜时油膜所产生的刚度系数和阻尼系数大于非倾斜时的刚度系数和阻尼系数。 相似文献
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《船舶力学》2015,(9)
为确保带减速齿轮箱主推进系统的可靠性,文章对船舶轴系的扭转振动进行了研究。首先根据各组成部件的特点将轴系分解为连续和离散的两个子系统,分别利用波分析法和多自由度系统分析法列出连续子系统的波动形式及离散子系统的振动微分方程,同时考虑了减速齿轮箱油膜刚度的影响。然后根据两子系统连接处的动态平衡和连续条件,建立整个轴系在扭转振动模式下总运动方程,通过求解总方程得到系统的位移响应。该扭转振动分析被应用到某LNG船带减速齿轮箱的轴系振动计算中,通过考虑轴系减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度使轴系扭转振动模型更接近轴系实际运转工况。计算结果显示:随着减速齿轮箱啮合齿面间油膜刚度的增加,最大轴系扭转应力向低转速区域偏移。这对船舶轴系转速禁区的划分产生极大的影响。有助于防止因不良轴系振动计算引起轴系事故的发生。 相似文献
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本文将陀螺效应应用到船舶推进轴系的回旋振动计算中,在轴系回旋振动几何模型的基础上建立有、无陀螺效应的计算模型,并给出轴系回旋振动时的临界转速。文章选取5艘已设计完成的船舶推进轴系为实例,采用两种计算模型分析各自的回旋振动临界转速。结果表明,陀螺效应提高了船舶推进轴系回旋振动的临界转速,为设计过程中精确确定轴系的转速禁区给出了依据。 相似文献
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以载重10 000 t低速柴油机推进轴系为研究对象,创建其当量系统模型。基于系统矩阵法对推进轴系进行自由振动分析,求得扭转振动固有频率和振型。研究柴油机在全转速下的气体和往复惯性激励力矩,针对推进轴系在柴油机和螺旋桨共同激励下的频域稳态扭转振动响应特性进行计算,求得推进轴系扭转振动的主谐次、共振转速点和推进轴系各部件的应力值。结果表明,推进轴系在低阶频率振动时气缸和中间轴振幅较大,推进轴系应力远小于材料的屈服强度,船舶能够安全稳定航行,同时为推进轴系时域瞬态扭转振动研究打下基础。 相似文献
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[目的]由于船舶艉轴承的长径比较大,将其简化为传统的单点支撑等效模型难以反映出轴承的实际运行情况,因此有必要探讨艉轴承等效形式对轴系横向振动特性的影响。[方法]首先,基于能量原理,引入改进傅里叶级数方法描述推进轴系的横向振动位移,构建可用于单点、多点和连续分布式支撑的多种等效形式的推进轴系横向振动特性计算模型;然后,分别分析由液膜压力等效的支撑刚度变化对轴系横向振动特性以及螺旋桨激励对轴系振动响应的影响;最后,与文献和采用有限元方法(FEM)计算的结果进行对比,验证所提模型的正确性。[结果]结果显示,多点支撑的计算结果收敛于连续分布式支撑计算结果,螺旋桨激励下轴系响应受转速影响。[结论]研究表明,可采用三点支撑等效形式研究液膜压力分布对推进轴系横向振动特性的影响,所构建的计算模型收敛性好、计算精度高、代价低。 相似文献
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安哥拉某堆场的建设,遇到地质变化引起软基处理方案变更、施工初期人员设备投入不足导致施工工序不紧凑、当地开山料的选择余地大、设计标准调整等特殊情况.在解决这些问题的过程中,提出现场问题的处理原则、合理选择设计指标、确定检验验收标准的优先顺序、设计服务等问题,供类似项目参考. 相似文献
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A few cities in some of the larger developing countries in Latin America and Asia have made increasing use of multi-year concessions or franchises, competitively awarded to private companies, for construction and operation of urban transport infrastructure and for provision of public transport services. In view of the strong prospective growth of developing-country cities with large transport needs, and the rise in the emerging economies of potential new sources of private capital, it is important to see how effective PPP has so far been in this area. The experience is analyzed principally by thorough comparative review of what has actually happened for some of the main users to date: Bogotá, Santiago, São Paulo, Seoul, and several cities in both China and India. Despite delays and mistakes that have been made in development of most of the projects, the overall results, already delivered and in prospect, are very positive and urban public transport is benefiting substantially, with significant side effects on poorer people's access to work and to services, air pollution levels and road accident rates. The widest and most important advantage of the PPP arrangements, as compared with more conventional short-term contracting, is found to be the innovations, technical and managerial, developed, and, in particular, the mutual capacity building of the countries' private and public sectors and their more effective interaction. The experience in the six countries covered suggests that other developing-country cities may be best assisted to develop sound urban transport PPPs more rapidly through provision of help on chosen items among 7 elements that have proved particularly crucial but sometimes weak in the projects reviewed: Civic consultation systems, Land-use/Transport strategic planning, Land/property market management, Monitoring systems, Progressive policies, Economic regulation, and Public institutional framework for PPPs. 相似文献
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文章介绍了以NXP的ARM7 TDMI内核控制器为核心的嵌入式通讯平台的设计,包括CAN、工业以太网、USB、RS232、RS485、UART、无线等目前流行的各种通讯方式的设计以及液晶显示、触摸屏、按键的硬件设计,给出了比较完整的方案设计和硬件连接,同时对于所采用的操作系统进行了简单介绍。 相似文献
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The effects of variability in environmental conditions on species composition in benthic ecosystems are well established, but relatively little is known about how environmental variability relates to ecosystem functioning. Benthic invertebrate assemblages are heavily involved in the maintenance of ecological processes and investigation of the biological characteristics (traits) expressed in these assemblages can provide information about some aspects of functioning. The aim of this study was to establish and explore relationships between environmental variability and biological traits expressed in megafauna assemblages in two UK regions. Patterns of trait composition were matched to environmental conditions and subsets of variables best describing these patterns determined. The nature of the relationships were subsequently examined at two separate scales, both between and within the regions studied. Over the whole area, some traits related to size, longevity, reproduction, mobility, flexibility, feeding method, sociability and living habit were negatively correlated with salinity, sea surface temperature, annual temperature range and the level of fishing effort, and positively associated with fish taxon richness and shell content of the substratum. Between the two regions, reductions in temperature range and shell content were associated with infrequent relative occurrences of short-lived, moderately mobile, flexible, solitary, opportunistic, permanent-burrow dwelling fauna and those exhibiting reproductive strategies based on benthic development. Relationships between some traits and environmental conditions diverged within the two regions, with increases in fishing effort and shell content of the substratum being associated with low frequencies of occurrence of moderately mobile and moderately to highly flexible fauna within one region, but high frequencies in the other. These changes in trait composition have implications for ecosystem processes, with, for example, reductions in permanent-burrow dwellers within one of the regions potentially compromising the ability of the assemblages to process and store chemicals and waste products. However, the connections between environmental conditions and trait composition are complex and incorporate many factors. Experimental investigations will be necessary to determine the extent and consequences of these important relationships. 相似文献
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结合企业计算机应用的实际,以及造船生产劳动强度大、劳动环境恶劣、船用配件和材料种类繁多等特点,介绍在造船工业中,将设计、制造、管理等集为一体纳入计算机综合管理的集成系统,目的在于寻求一种采用计算机技术挖掘企业内部潜力,提高工作效率、推进企业信息化、加快企业生产和管理现代化、提升企业综合竞争力的新途径。 相似文献
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焊接工艺质量是电子计算机,尤其是军用计算机可靠性的关键。文章对影响焊接工艺质量的各个环节,如焊接机理、焊接要素、焊料、助焊剂、阻焊剂、焊接设备、焊接方法等都进行了分析,从中提出控制质量的措施和办法。这是实际工作经验总结,对提高军工生产质量很有参考价值。 相似文献