Evaluating seaport policy alternatives: a simulation study of terminal leasing policy and system performance

The competitive characteristics of the North American seaport industry have, in theory, been causally linked to excess investment and low terminal throughput productivity. This paper empirically examines the link between seaport authority container terminal leasing policy and throughput productivity. Recent advances in inventory theory applied to service industries suggest the pooling of demand uncertainty can yield lower costs without sacrificing customer service. This concept is applied to a container seaport using simulation. The effort compares key output measures from a realistic base case model of the seaport to those generated by an alternative terminal leasing policy. It is shown that the pooling of demand in a common-user seaport reduces total vessel time in port by 17.1% with no reduction in TEU throughput. Throughput productivity is improved for the highest capacity terminals, while lower capacity terminals are made available for additional users or alternative uses.     

基于多智能体仿真的集装箱港口作业效率研究

集装箱港口生产作业系统是复杂的离散事件系统,数学建模方法难以构建针对整个系统的模型,而基于过程的仿真模型通常缺乏对设备调度的灵活性。为准确描述我国集装箱港口的作业流程,分析内卡配置数量对港口作业效率的影响,提出了基于事件驱动的集装箱港口多智能体(Multi-Agent)仿真模型。仿真结果表明:岸桥平均装卸效率(GCR)随着内卡数量的增加先急剧增加后缓慢增加,船舶平均等待时间(AWT)和平均在泊时间(AST)与岸桥平均装卸效率呈明显负相关关系。     

A simulation model proposal to improve the productivity of container terminal operations through investment alternatives

Development of a container terminal (CT) closely deals with the efficiency of operating systems. This paper proposed a model to decide optimum investment alternatives to improve CT productivity. The proposed approach incorporates the parameters such as number of quay cranes, total length of a quay, yard trucks and yard cranes. The objectives of the model are minimizing the average ship turnaround time while maximizing the container throughput generated by the terminal. The methodology behind the model includes Discrete Event Simulation Model, data envelopment analysis (DEA) and cost-efficiency analysis. Considering container ship visits to Container Terminal Alpha (CT-A), the proposed model is demonstrated with 16 different investment scenario along with 10-months recorded operational data. The results addressed the Scenario LENG-2 (extent current total length of quays from 1.560 meters to 2.000 meters) as the optimal feasible solution for an investment in existing conditions. The model is also considered to besides contributions to investment decisions in CT, the developed framework might be extended to other transportation infrastructures.     

散装水泥码头装卸系统物流仿真研究*

以A港区某散装水泥码头物流系统为研究对象,基于离散事件动态系统理论,建立实现散装水泥码头物流功能的逻辑模型。针对码头最大装船能力与水平运输能力不匹配的问题,通过对码头筒仓数量和容量、船舶等待时间、泊位利用率、码头通过能力等的分析,给出不同策略组合的水泥筒仓选型方案。梳理码头装卸系统中各子系统的逻辑关系,采用仿真分析技术,确定建设投资合理的筒仓配置,从而提高水泥码头的出运能力和水泥厂总体效益。研究成果可为散装水泥码头出运能力优化提供重要依据,亦可为此类散货码头装卸系统筒仓数量和容量的选取提供参考。     

基于船舶操纵模拟的某海港码头港内水域布置优化

针对自然水深不足且较为复杂的港内水域,仅仅依据规范条文提出的设计方案不能完全满足船舶港内作业的需要。文章结合某工程实例,应用船舶操纵模拟试验,研究了船舶港内作业对于港池水域的要求,根据试验结果对港池水域布置方案进行了优化。     

国际枢纽海港的战略内涵及评价指标体系研究

《国家综合立体交通网规划纲要》明确提出我国将着力推进11个国际枢纽海港建设的发展目标,由此为沿海港口的分层次优化发展提出了具体方向。作为更高层次的主要港口,国际枢纽海港肩负着提升我国对外开放水平和全球竞争力、引领区域综合立体交通网络和区域港口群高质量发展的重要使命。基于我国沿海港口的分层次发展特点以及国际枢纽海港提出的时代背景,研究提出国际枢纽海港建设的战略要求、具体内涵和相应的评价指标体系,有利于更好地指导、推动国际枢纽海港的分类特色发展。     

A simulation study for the logistics planning of a container terminal in view of SCM

This paper aims to apply a supply-chain modelling and its analysis framework to the supply chain in the port industry. The simulation approach serves two purposes: to model a supply-chain network in quantity approach and to evaluate its supply-chain performance based on proposed strategies. Through the modelling works to improve the performance, components of simulation model, such as input model, strategy model, operational policy model and performance model, in the port supply chain were identified. The effects of various strategies can guide the way to administrate the supply chain in the different objectives.     

A simulation study for the logistics planning of a container terminal in view of SCM

This paper aims to apply a supply-chain modelling and its analysis framework to the supply chain in the port industry. The simulation approach serves two purposes: to model a supply-chain network in quantity approach and to evaluate its supply-chain performance based on proposed strategies. Through the modelling works to improve the performance, components of simulation model, such as input model, strategy model, operational policy model and performance model, in the port supply chain were identified. The effects of various strategies can guide the way to administrate the supply chain in the different objectives.     

集装箱码头生产部门绩效管理系统的开发

为提高集装箱码头生产部门的工作效率及考核水平,简要分析港口企业绩效管理的现状及存在问题．以宁波港某集装箱码头营运操作部为例,提出解决办法及绩效管理系统的开发思路,从功能需求、开发流程、实际成效等方面说明该系统在操作性和指标设计上有一定创新,尝试跨部门的信息整合,对日常工作起到指导作用。     

战术数据链抗干扰性能仿真技术

战术数据链抗干扰性能仿真可定量描述出干扰的影响,具有重要的研究意义。本文介绍了战术数据链及其仿真技术的发展现状,重点分析了Link 16终端设备联合战术信息分发系统(JTIDS)抗干扰的关键技术:信道编码技术、扩频技术与调制技术。在此基础上,采用Matlab提供的仿真平台Simulink建立了战术数据链的链路级仿真模型,实现了其抗干扰性能的仿真。相关研究成果可应用于射频干扰对数据链性能影响的定量评估,以及数据链抗干扰或者干扰策略优化设计中。     

Developing a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources: a case study of the Gamman container terminal

It is an important matter closely connected with saving logistics costs, as well as encouraging national competitive power, to improve the productivity of container terminals by efficient utilization of container terminal resources. In this respect, this paper tries to suggest a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources, taking as a case study the Gamman Container Terminal (GCT) in the port of Pusan. In so doing, it identifies what kinds of resources can be systematically shared from the viewpoint of their common use and draws some problems resulting from terminal operation by four operators at GCT. The model does not imply the conception that each terminal has its own resources individually, but recommends that tentatively-called Container Terminal Resource Management Center (CTRMC) should be established and operated in order to save operation and investment costs and improve operational efficiency. In addition, the continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) concept is imbedded in the model so that it can control the supply and demand of resources efficiently by sharing the database, through which the CTRMC can automatically identify the status of the excess or deficit of a certain resource in each berth at GCT.     

Developing a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources: a case study of the Gamman container terminal

It is an important matter closely connected with saving logistics costs, as well as encouraging national competitive power, to improve the productivity of container terminals by efficient utilization of container terminal resources. In this respect, this paper tries to suggest a conceptual model for sharing container terminal resources, taking as a case study the Gamman Container Terminal (GCT) in the port of Pusan. In so doing, it identifies what kinds of resources can be systematically shared from the viewpoint of their common use and draws some problems resulting from terminal operation by four operators at GCT. The model does not imply the conception that each terminal has its own resources individually, but recommends that tentatively-called Container Terminal Resource Management Center (CTRMC) should be established and operated in order to save operation and investment costs and improve operational efficiency. In addition, the continuous acquisition and life-cycle support (CALS) concept is imbedded in the model so that it can control the supply and demand of resources efficiently by sharing the database, through which the CTRMC can automatically identify the status of the excess or deficit of a certain resource in each berth at GCT.     

某海港码头结构耐久性调查与分析

对华东地区建于90年代服役11年的某海港码头的构件力学性能、耐久性等进行了现场调查与分析。调查结果表明:构件混凝土的力学性能和保护层厚度基本满足设计要求,但构件混凝土电阻率较低,存在氯盐腐蚀的可能性,构件的表面已出现了锈斑,产生了氯盐腐蚀现象;构件的游离氯离子浓度与总氯离子浓度存在相关性,游离氯离子浓度计算的扩散系数小于总氯离子计算的扩散系数;随着高程的增加,构件的表面氯离子浓度具有降低的趋势;构件混凝土抗氯盐侵蚀性能存在一定的差别。调研结果可为进一步制定有关海港工程混凝土耐久性标准提供参考。     

船用夹层板系统水下防护性能数值仿真分析

夹层板系统(SPS)具有优越的力学性能,可应用于船舶防护结构设计中,提高其防护性能。文章基于非线性有限元软件ABAQUS,分析了SPS在水下爆炸冲击载荷下的结构损伤变形模式、吸能、速度、加速度响应等力学行为,并与传统船体加筋板架结构的防护性能进行对比分析;然后系统研究了不同冲击波工况下SPS的防护性能,并讨论了SPS结构参数对其防护性能的影响。研究结构表明,SPS对冲击波载荷具有较好缓冲及卸载效果;随着冲击因子的增大,SPS上下面板中心单元的应力和应变以及结构吸能都在相应增大,其中心点位移、速度和加速度也呈现出近似线性增长趋势;SPS存在最优结构匹配问题,需要进一步开展结构尺寸优化。     

2010年租造箱市场回顾及2011年展望

<正>12010年租造箱市场回顾1.1造箱市场1.1.1新造箱价格走势2010年初新造箱价格较低,2月份开始迅速攀升,3月份20英尺普通箱价格从2100美元涨至2300美元,4月份达到2500美元,5月份继续上涨,8月份达到2700美元     

Ship-berth link performance evaluation: simulation and analytical approaches

In this paper we consider the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. The efficiency of operations and processes on the ship-berth link has been analysed through the basic operating parameters such as berth utilization, average number of ships in waiting line, average time that a ship spends in waiting line, average service time of a ship, average total time that a ship spends in port, average quay crane (QC) productivity and average number of QCs per ship. All the main performances of the ship-berth link are given. This is one of the problems faced by planners and terminal operators in ports. In this paper, we propose two models based on simulation and queuing theory, respectively, in order to determine the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. Numerical results and computational experiments are reported to evaluate the efficiency of the models for Pusan East Container Terminal (PECT).     

Ship-berth link performance evaluation: simulation and analytical approaches

In this paper we consider the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. The efficiency of operations and processes on the ship-berth link has been analysed through the basic operating parameters such as berth utilization, average number of ships in waiting line, average time that a ship spends in waiting line, average service time of a ship, average total time that a ship spends in port, average quay crane (QC) productivity and average number of QCs per ship. All the main performances of the ship-berth link are given. This is one of the problems faced by planners and terminal operators in ports. In this paper, we propose two models based on simulation and queuing theory, respectively, in order to determine the performance evaluation of ship-berth link in port. Numerical results and computational experiments are reported to evaluate the efficiency of the models for Pusan East Container Terminal (PECT).     

Application of large eddy simulation in the performance study of wave blocker

The configuration and aerodynamic performance of the inlet system are important aspects in the process of installing a gas turbine on a naval vessel. Under the requirements, large eddy simulation （LES） is used to simulate the three-dimensional fluid flow in the wave blocker of a marine inlet filter. The Smagorinsky-Lilly sub-grid model was used to model motions of small-scale structures. During numerical simulation, the SIMPLE algorithm was applied. The central-differencing spatial discretization scheme and the second order accuracy finite difference for the temporal discretization were used. Simulation gives satisfactory distribution of the vorticity fields and turbulent kinetic energy. Compared with the k-ε turbulent model, the results of LES are better for the distribution of parameters. The results of experimental study in a small-scale wind tunnel indicate that numerical calculation has higher accuracy. Therefore, the methods used are worthy of reference and introduction for the design of an inlet system.     

开孔率对开孔板消浪效果影响的数值模拟研究

采用VOF方法,结合k-ε紊流模型建立数值波浪水槽。造波边界采用内源造波法,造波边界后方和波浪水槽出口边界均采用海绵层消波,自由面采用F函数追踪,从而数值模拟了波浪对开孔板的作用。将开孔板前波浪反射系数的数值计算结果与文献[14]的物理模型实验结果进行比较,验证所建立的数值模型及计算方法的正确性。通过改变开孔率,模拟波浪与开孔板作用的开孔板前波浪的反射系数,进而分析了开孔率与波浪反射率的关系。同时,分析了波浪作用下开孔板的迎浪面与背浪面的点压力差变化,并主要探讨开孔率与点压力差的相互影响关系。分析结果表明:随着开孔率α的增大,反射率减小,透射率增大,点压差呈非线性变化。     

多智能体仿真在LNG码头选址及港口规划中的应用

液化天然气(LNG)船舶进出港进行的严格交通管制会影响港口的运营,因此在港口规划阶段须审慎决策LNG码头选址及布局问题。应用自主开发的《基于多智能体信息交互的港口运营系统仿真软件(简称:APSS)V1.0》,建立可模拟涵盖LNG船舶通航影响机制的港口运营系统仿真模型;以实际工程为例,系统探讨LNG船舶通航对近、远期港口运营影响问题的思路和方法;结合水域通航环境特点提出远期优化措施。研究结果可辅助港口规划制定。