An improved modal strain energy method for damage detection in offshore platform structures

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy (IMSE) method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method (the Stubbs index method). The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.     

利用一种改进的模态应变能法诊断海洋平台结构的损伤（英文）

The development of robust damage detection methods for offshore structures is crucial to prevent catastrophes caused by structural failures. In this research, we developed an Improved Modal Strain Energy(IMSE) method for detecting damage in offshore platform structures based on a traditional modal strain energy method(the Stubbs index method). The most significant difference from the Stubbs index method was the application of modal frequencies. The goal was to improve the robustness of the traditional method. To demonstrate the effectiveness and practicality of the proposed IMSE method, both numerical and experimental studies were conducted for different damage scenarios using a jacket platform structure. The results demonstrated the effectiveness of the IMSE method in damage location when only limited, spatially incomplete, and noise-polluted modal data is available. Comparative studies showed that the IMSE index outperformed the Stubbs index and exhibited stronger robustness, confirming the superiority of the proposed approach.     

Damage detection in offshore structures using neural networks

This paper discusses the damage detection in offshore jacket platforms subjected to random loads using a combined method of random decrement signature and neural networks. The random decrement technique is used to extract the free decay of the structure from its online response while the structure is in service. The free decay and its time derivative are used as input for a neural network. The output of the neural network is used as an index for damage detection. It has been shown that function N is effective in damage detection in the members of an offshore structure. Experimental studies conducted on a reduced model for a real jacket structure with geometrical scale of 1:30 are used. The applied loads were random loads. Two different load spectra were used: White noise, and Pierson-Moskowitz.     

一种改进的海洋平台结构损伤诊断方法研究(英文)

In the exploitation of ocean oil and gas, many offshore structures may be damaged due to the severe environment, so an effective method of diagnosing structural damage is urgently needed to locate the damage and evaluate its severity. Genetic algorithms have become some of the most important global optimization tools and been widely used in many fields in recent years because of their simple operation and strong robustness. Based on the natural frequencies and mode shapes of the structure, the damage diagnosis of a jacket offshore platform is attributed to an optimization problem and studied by using a genetic algorithm. According to the principle that the structural stiffness of a certain direction can be greatly affected only when the brace bar in the corresponding direction is damaged, an improved objective function was proposed in this paper targeting measurement noise and the characteristics of modal identification for offshore platforms. This function can be used as fitness function of a genetic algorithm, and both numerical simulation and physical model test results show that the improved method may locate the structural damage and evaluate the severity of a jacket offshore platform satisfactorily while improving the robustness of evolutionary searching and the reliability of damage diagnosis.     

基于裂纹扩展的海洋平台疲劳可靠性分析

文章基于裂纹疲劳基本理论,针对在役导管架平台出现初始裂纹状态下结构承载力进行分析,考虑结构损伤与腐蚀等因素,建立了典型导管架平台整体结构模型和局部子模型,分析了在该工况下平台整体结构的疲劳强度,并确定了平台结构的疲劳关键部位。采用几何应力外插法计算了热点应力,基于疲劳裂纹扩展的疲劳分析方法,计算了疲劳关键节点的疲劳寿命与疲劳可靠度。该方法能够为海洋平台结构的维护和保养提供一定参考。     

Design of offshore structures against accidental ship collisions

In this paper, we investigate the damage to offshore platforms subjected to ship collisions. The considered scenarios are bow and stern impacts against the column of a floating platform and against the jacket legs and braces. The effect of the ship–platform interaction on the distribution of damage is studied by modeling both structures using nonlinear shell finite elements. A supply vessel of 7500-ton displacement with bulbous bow is modeled. A comprehensive numerical analysis program is conducted, and the primary findings are described herein. The collision forces from the vessel are compared with the suggested force–deformation curves in the NORSOK code. For collisions with floating platforms we particularly focus on the crushing behavior and potential penetration of the bulbous bow and stern sections into the cargo tanks or void spaces of semi-submersible platforms. For fixed jacket platforms we investigate whether jacket braces can penetrate into the ship without being subjected to significant plastic bending or local denting.Adequate treatment of the relative strength between the interacting bodies is especially relevant for impacts with high levels of available kinetic energy, for which shared energy or strength design is aimed at. Simplifying one body as rigid quickly leads to overly conservative and/or costly solutions, and is in some cases non-conservative.The numerical analysis is used to develop a novel pressure–area relation for the deformation of the bulbous bow and stern corners of the supply vessel. Procedures for strength design of the stiffened panels are discussed. Refined methods and criteria are proposed for strength design of platforms, including both floating and jacket structures. The adequacy of the NORSOK design guidance for collisions against jacket legs is evaluated. The characteristic strength of a cylindrical column is used to develop a novel criterion for the resistance to local denting from stern corners and bulbous bows.     

Extension of the super-elements method to the analysis of a jacket impacted by a ship

The aim of this paper is to present a simplified analytical method for estimating the crushing resistance of an oblique cylinder impacted by the stem of a striking ship. The collision angle of the vessel is arbitrary, i.e. oblique collisions are also considered in this article. The two extremities of the tube are assumed to be clamped. These developments are intended to be used for evaluating the crashworthiness of an offshore wind turbines jacket. To achieve this goal, closed-form expressions are first derived for the particular situations of a horizontal and a vertical cylinder by applying the upper-bound method. An interpolation formula is then proposed to get the resistance opposed by the tube for any inclination angle. In order to validate these theoretical developments, some comparisons are made with the results of numerical simulations. These latter are performed using the finite elements software LS-DYNA. In almost all cases, the analytical prediction of the resistance is found to be in quite good agreement with the numerical ones. Finally, another comparison is made by simulating an OSV collision with a full jacket. In this case, the theoretical model is found to be insufficient for large impact energies and points out the need of further research.     

南海固定式平台极限承载能力分析

针对南海海域环境荷载下服役的固定式平台,以一固定式导管架平台为例,运用基于ANSYS软件的单元替换法分析计算该平台无缺陷情况下和有腐蚀、海生物附着、构件缺失等损伤情况下的极限承载能力,验证了计算正确性和可行性.     

模糊专家系统在线谱检测中的应用研究

本文给出了一种线谱检测的组合方法.首先利用双门限线谱检测算法进行初始线谱检测,同时提取频率等线谱特征,在此阶段通过选择低门限,可以保证在低信噪比下无论信号和背景噪声是否平稳都可获得高的检测概率;然后研制了一个简单高效的线谱识别模糊专家系统,根据提取出的线谱特征,进一步剔除噪声点.分析验证表明,由于该算法将线谱检测和特征提取融合在一起,不但提取出了用于目标识别的线谱特征,而且非常宽容,能以高检测概率和低虚警概率自动地检测低信噪比线谱.     

Crack detection using a frequency response function in offshore platforms

Structural cracks can change the frequency response function (FRF) of an offshore platform. Thus, FRF shifts can be used to detect cracks. When a crack at a specific location and magnitude occurs in an offshore structure, changes in the FRF can be measured. In this way, shifts in FRF can be used to detect cracks. An experimental model was constructed to verify the FRF method. The relationship between FRF and cracks was found to be non-linear. The effect of multiple cracks on FRF was analyzed, and the shift due to multiple cracks was found to be much more than the summation of FRF shifts due to each of the cracks. Then the effects of noise and changes in the mass of the jacket on FRF were evaluated. The results show that significant damage to a beam can be detected by dramatic changes in the FRF, even when 10% random noise exists. FRF can also be used to approximately locate the breakage, but it can neither be efficiently used to predict the location of breakage nor the existence of small hairline cracks. The FRF shift caused by a 7% mass change is much less than the FRF shift caused by the breakage of any beam, but is larger than that caused by any early cracks.     

高速船用汽油机缸盖水套CFD分析及优化

本文以某高速船用汽油机气缸盖做为研究对象,利用CFD软件对气缸盖内冷却液流动及传热过程进行流固耦合模拟,分析并评价了该汽油机气缸盖的冷却性能,并针对冷却水套缸垫上水孔提出优化方案。结果表明：气缸盖温度分布不均匀,最高温差约137K,缸盖水腔局部区域流动分布较差,鉴于此,本文依据正交设计方法提出了9种对缸垫上水孔尺寸及位置的优化方案,对比改进后的气缸盖温度场、流场结果,选择出最佳改进方案;改进后,水套内冷却液流动更好,冷却性能得到了改善,有效的降低了气缸盖壁面的温度。     

应用移动质量法的结构损伤小波识别方法

为提高结构损伤识别的精度,充分发挥小波识别在特征提取、信号奇异性检测、信号降噪等方面的独特优势,提出采用移动质量多次检测法的结构损伤小波识别方法。该方法采用移动质量块在不同位置对桥梁进行多次测量,利用各次测量的频率值的变量来确定桥梁结构的其他模态参数,从而确定桥梁的局部单一和多处损伤情况。采用数值算例对该方法进行验证,结果显示,对简支梁的单一和多处损伤识别效果明显。     

基于质心提取的红外图像小目标检测

低信噪比条件下小目标检测技术的研究是红外信息处理中的关键性问题。由于小目标通常属于高频成分,又易于与噪声混杂在一起,更加增加了检测的难度。文章提出了一种基于质心提取的方法对红外小目标进行检测,在对图像不进行滤波的情况下找到目标可能的质心点集合。对这些置信度高的质心点集合进行分类,以确定各个目标的质心以及目标的个数。最后以确定的目标质心点搜索目标边缘,找出其边界并计算出目标的特征参数。该检测方法对噪声也有一定的抑制作用。     

我国海上导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践

冰激振动是渤海重冰区导管架平台的主要危害.渤海重冰区导管架平台在腿柱上安装了抗冰锥体,基本解决了平台冰激振动问题.主要阐述了抗冰锥体的基本抗冰原理和设计方法,分析了渤海典型导管架平台抗冰锥体的设计实践,对渤海重冰区导管架平台和抗冰锥体的设计提出了建议.     

导管架平台强度分析

采用有限元分析软件MSC.PATRAN/NASTRAN,对渤西QK18-2导管架平台建立整体结构计算分析有限元模型.根据美国石油协会API（American Petroleum Institute）规范分析确定了平台的环境荷载并进行了荷载组合,确定结构计算分析的主要工况,计算了典型工况下的整体结构应力;并通过对平台整体结构应力状态的分析,找出平台应力幅值较大的管节点进行了强度校核,为导管架平台的结构设计提供了分析方法.     

计算小波分布判定海洋平台结构损伤方法研究

由于海洋平台结构长期处于恶劣的海洋环境中,并受到各种载荷的交互作用,结构容易产生各种形式的损伤。因此,对海洋平台进行实时监测有着十分重要的现实意义。本文以单筒简易导管架平台为例,主要在结构损伤的判定和定位两方面对海洋平台的实时结构健康监测进行研究,结果表明通过对结构响应信号进行小波分析,小波变换系数和小波包能量分布可以很好地定义损伤识别指标。     

三维激光扫描技术在港口筒仓内壁磨损检测中的应用

为解决港口筒仓内壁磨损检测困难的问题,文章以黄骅港大型筒仓群为依托,采用三维激光扫描技术,提出点云逆向重建筒仓三维模型应用于筒仓内壁磨损检测。重点介绍了筒仓内壁损伤检测中的点云数据处理流程和数据分析方法,并针对筒仓结构特点,提出了断面分析、截面磨损分析、损坏定量分析的点云分析方法。为掌握筒仓内壁压延微晶板整体磨损情况提供了方法,为筒仓内壁的检测维修提供科学指导,验证了三维激光扫描技术应用于筒仓内壁磨损检测的可行性。     

T型导管架下水驳船设计建造过程中的控制要点

在海洋油气的开发中,下水驳船承担着大型结构物(如导管架、组块等)的装载、运输、下水和安装等角色,尤其是超大型导管架(例如荔湾3-1项目32 000 t导管架)的滑移下水,更是下水驳船所独有的功能。该文重点从导管架下水设计的角度出发,以18 000 t T型导管架下水驳船为例,介绍了在设计和建造此类下水驳船中,需要控制的一些技术要点,从而为今后同类船舶的设计建造提供借鉴。     

近海结构疲劳计算中波浪与结构建模探讨

文章根据作者已提出的基于海况频度分布的统计分类及非线性动力学计算的疲劳评估方法,通过进一步改进波浪能的输入,提出了一种更为有效的计算方法。通过将这一方法运用到一典型导管架结构的疲劳计算,文中首先研究了波浪方向对疲劳破坏的影响,进而分析了波浪谱中若干重要参数及HHT-α时间积分中步长对疲劳计算结果的影响。通过对结构反应的统计研究,发现海况的恶劣程度并不直接影响结构响应非高斯趋势的显著程度。文中提出的方法在减少不确定性的同时又不降低安全标准,有效提高了疲劳计算的精确度,从而可以降低相关近海结构建设和维护成本。文中的计算方法已被成功地应用于北海及墨西哥湾数座近海结构在风和波浪荷载作用下的疲劳评估。