New Optimal Power Management Strategy for Series Plug-In Hybrid Electric Vehicles

Recently Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) have gained increasing attention due to their ability to reduce the fuel consumption and emissions. In this paper a new efficient power management strategy is proposed for a series PHEV. According to the battery state of charge (SOC) and vehicle power requirement, a new rule-based optimal power controller with four different operating modes is designed to improve the fuel economy of the vehicle. Furthermore, the teaching-learning based optimization (TLBO) method is employed to find the optimal engine power and battery power under the specified driving cycle while the fuel consumption is considered as the fitness function. In order to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method, four different driving cycles with various numbers of driving distances for each driving cycle are selected for the simulation study. The performance of the proposed optimal power management strategy is compared with the rule-based power management method. The results verify that the proposed power management method could significantly improve the fuel economy of the series PHEV for different driving conditions.     

Plug-in混合动力汽车动力总成优化设计研究

应用PSAT前向仿真软件,建立了双离合器式并联PHEV仿真模型.在确定了PHEV整车性能约束条件并对动力总成主要部件进行了成本分析之后,对不同伞电力续驶哩程和动力电池类型的PHEV动力总成进行了优化.结果表明:动力电池设计容量对整车成本影响最大,而它主要取决于所要求的全电力续驶里程;随着所要求的全电力续驶里程的增大,所需电机最大输出功率升高,而发动机最大输出功率则降低.     

基于超级电容的并联式混合动力公交车研究

以某混合动力公交车的研发为对象,对其动力传动系的参数进行匹配设计。基于MATLAB／SIMULINK软件平台建立了整车仿真模型．并运用ADVISOR软件对整车动力性和燃油经济性进行了仿真分析。     

并联式混合动力汽车传动系参数优化

为了充分发挥混合动力汽车的优越性,文章以整车燃油经济性的评价为基础,通过分析混合动力汽车动力系统的组成,建立了燃油经济性最佳的数学模型;依据考虑汽车的动力性和动力电池的荷电系数要求,使用复合形优化方法对目标函数进行了优化：并利用具体车型对优化方法进行了验证。结果表明,100km油耗降低21％,经济性得到较大提高,动力性仍然保持设计要求？指出采用逆向求解的手段来获得汽车的燃油经济性,并以其为目标函数开发的优化设计系统,能较好地改善汽车的燃油经济性,此优化方法对普通汽车的传动系统优化也具有参考作用。     

Drive force control of a parallel-series hybrid system

Since each component of a hybrid system has its own limit of performance, the vehicle power depends on the weakest component. So it is necessary to design the balance of the components. The vehicle must be controlled to operate within the performance range of all the components. We designed the specifications of each component backward from the required drive force. In this paper we describe a control method for the motor torque to avoid damage to the battery, when the battery is at a low state of charge.     

并联式混合动力电动汽车动力总成控制器硬件在环仿真

通过对EQ6110并联式混合动力城市客车的动力总成系统结构和控制系统的分析,研制开发了用于并联式混合动力电动汽车(PHEV)的动力总成控制器设计开发的硬件在环仿真系统;详细介绍了动力总成各个部件仿真模型的建立,包括发动机模型、电机模型、动力电池模型以及传动系统模型等;通过Matlab/Simulink的建模,运用dSPACE实时计算系统成功地构建了PHEV多能源动力总成控制器的硬件在环仿真系统;最后进行了PHEV动力总成控制器硬件在环仿真的测试试验研究。     

基于遗传算法系统效率优化的PHEV电量保持模式控制策略

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车（PHEV）在电量保持下的燃油经济性,并解决插电式混合动力汽车在运行过程中动力元件效率对系统能量利用率影响的问题,制定了系统效率最优的控制策略。以PHEV关键动力部件的测试数据为基础,建立发动机、驱动电机、无级变速器（CVT）以及动力电池等关键部件的效率数值模型,并考虑了温度及荷电状态（SOC）对动力电池充放电功率的影响。设计以混合动力系统效率最优为适应度评价函数,将CVT速比、发动机转矩作为优化变量,以车速、加速度和SOC为状态变量,在动力性指标的约束下,运用遗传算法进行迭代寻优,PHEV的系统效率在第20代左右收敛于全局最优值。同时发动机转矩和CVT速比通过多代遗传进化,较快收敛于最佳值。将相关优化结果与车速、加速度拟合成相应的三维控制数表,综合数值建模和试验测试数据建模的方法,基于MATLAB/Simulink搭建插电式混合动力汽车整车控制策略仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行仿真验证。结果表明：插电式混合动力汽车在电量保持模式下,利用遗传算法优化的系统效率最优控制策略相比优化前,动力电池SOC运行更为平稳,CVT效率有所提升,驱动电机及发动机转矩分配更为合理;百公里燃油消耗量从优化前的5.2 L降至4.5 L,燃油经济性提升了13.5%。     

Design of an energy management strategy for parallel hybrid electric vehicles using a logic threshold and instantaneous optimization method

A novel parallel hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV) configuration consisting of an extra one-way clutch and an automatic mechanical transmission (AMT) is taken as the study subject of this paper. An energy management strategy (EMS) combining a logic threshold approach and an instantaneous optimization algorithm is developed for the investigated PHEV. The objective of this EMS is to achieve acceptable vehicle performance and drivability requirements while simultaneously maximizing engine fuel economy and maintaining the battery state of charge (SOC) in its rational operation range at all times. Under the MATLAB/Simulink environment, a computer simulation model of the studied PHEV is established using the bench test results. Simulation results for the behavior of the engine, motor, and battery illustrate the potential of the proposed control strategy in terms of fuel economy and in keeping the deviations of SOC at a low level.     

基于粒子群算法的Plug—in混合动力汽车能量管理策略优化研究

基于对混合动力汽车能量管理策略优化的目的,建立了丰田PnusPlug-in混合动力汽车的MATLAB／Simulink数学模型,用数学公式描述了系统优化控制问题,采用粒子群优化算法对该包含众多约束条件的非线性优化问题进行了求解,利用PSAT专业软件对比分析了基本型优化控制算法、改进型优化控制算法和规则控制算法等的控制效果及燃油经济性。结果表明,经过优化后的Plug-in混合动力汽车在不牺牲汽车各项性能的前提下能提高动力系统工作效率。     

PHEV发动机驱动工况效率耦合分析与优化控制

单轴并联式混合动力系统（Parallel Hybrid Electric Vehicle,PHEV）包括电池、驱动电机、发动机、自动变速器等多个关键部件。各部件效率特性存在相互耦合的关系,要实现系统整体效率最优,需要辨明影响系统效率的控制参数,并对系统整体效率最优的控制参数进行优化。以装备无级变速器（Continuously Variable Transmission,CVT）的PHEV为研究对象,首先对系统各关键部件的效率特性进行分析,建立各关键部件效率模型,明确各部件效率与控制参数、状态参数之间的关系。在此基础上,对发动机单独驱动模式下动力传递路径中不同部件的效率耦合关系进行分析,推导出系统燃油消耗量与动力系统各状态参数、控制参数之间的函数关系。根据分析结果,选取车辆需求功率及车速为状态参数,变速器速比及发动机转矩为控制参数,以系统燃油消耗量最小为目标建立优化目标函数和约束条件,对系统优化问题进行定义。根据优化问题的特点,设计基于模拟退火的优化算法对优化问题进行求解,获取系统燃油消耗率最小时变速器目标速比和发动机目标转矩随状态参数的变化关系。建立系统仿真模型对所述优化算法进行仿真分析,并搭建混合动力试验台对优化结果进行试验验证。结果表明：无级变速器效率对系统整体效率影响较大,采用优化控制规律使发动机效率有所降低,但无级变速器效率升高更大,系统整体效率升高;在功率需求一定的循环工况下,优化控制算法比传统上仅以发动机效率最高为目标的控制算法节油1%~2%。     

车辆起步加速驾驶性客观评价及优化

为实现车辆起步加速过程驾驶性客观评价和优化的需求,通过对实际客户驾驶行为大数据样本的分析,构造了基于客户体验的起步加速客观测试评价工况.将起步加速工况进行了驾驶性特征提取和细分.并从响应性、平顺性、收敛性和风格等方面对客观评价指标进行了设计.通过对竞品驾驶性的测试和指标分析,获得了驾驶性评价指标以及驾驶性正向设计需求....     

柴油发动机/蓄电池混合动力汽车控制策略设计及仿真

针对采用柴油发动机和蓄电池作为动力源的并联式混合动力汽车,建立了基于Matlab/Simulink的车辆纵向动力学和驾驶员模型,并设计了功率跟随式控制策略。该控制策略将车速、负载和蓄电池SOC作为控制变量,以降低颗粒物与氮氧化物排放、提高燃油经济性为目标,采用Stateflow实现。基于新欧洲行驶循环的仿真结果表明,采用该混合动力驱动系统能较好的满足整车动力性要求,在降低燃油消耗的同时显著提高排放性能。     

系统综合效率优化的插电式混合动力车辆的能量管理策略

为了提升插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)的动力系统的真实能效,从综合能效最优的角度,研究了插电式混合动力系统能量管理策略.针对系统综合效率的时变性和耦合性,建立了系统效率评价模型,对电池储存电能的效率进行评价和动态修正,以系统综合效率最优为目标,结合粒子群优化算法,构建了能量管理策略.基于GT-Suite和Simulin...     

Design methodology of hybrid electric vehicle energy sources: Application to fuel cell vehicles

This paper presents a methodology to optimize the sizing of the energy and power components in a fuel cell electric vehicle from the driving mission (which includes driving cycles, a specified acceleration and autonomy requirements). The fuel cell and the Energy Storage System associated (battery or/and ultra capacitor) design parameters are the numbers of series and parallel branches respectively Nsi and Npi. They are set so as to minimize the objective function that includes mass, cost, fulfilling the performance requirements and respect the technological constraints of each power component through a penalty function. The methodology is based on a judicious combination of Matlab-Simulink® for the global simulation and a dedicated software tool Pro@Design®. Both are well suited to treat inverse problems for the optimization. An application for a fuel cell/battery powertrain illustrates the feasibility of the proposed methodology.     

基于驾驶工况辨识的插电式混合动力汽车保电能量管理策略

为了改善PHEV在低SOC状态下的保电性能，结合具体工况进行分析，明确造成保电性差的主要原因，一是需求功率较大，而发动机工作转速由于NVH性能要求受限；二是需求功率较低，但发动机未能有效利用时机进行发电。针对特定工况低SOC状态下保电性较差的问题，在原策略的基础上，提出一种基于工况识别的保电策略。通过对行驶工况进行在线辨识，根据识别结果适当放开发动机的发电能力。经过仿真验证，该策略能有效减缓整车在低SOC状态下的掉电速率。与原策略相比，SOC最低值提高7.19%，整车保电性能得到提升。     

Hydraulic control system design for a PHEV considering motor thermal management

In this paper, a design method for a PHEV hydraulic control system was proposed considering motor thermal management. Dynamic models of the target PHEV were developed including the hydraulic system, which consists of one mechanical and one electric oil pump. The required motor cooling flow was designed based on the motor temperature, which was obtained from a one-dimensional thermal equivalent circuit model including the heat source and oil spray cooling. Combining the PHEV powertrain model, hydraulic control system model, and the motor thermal model including the cooling system, an integrated simulator was developed for the target PHEV. Using the integrated simulator, the temperatures of MG1 and MG2 were investigated for various motor cooling flow rates when the PHEV underwent a highway driving cycle. The energy consumption of the hydraulic control system was also evaluated. It was found from the simulation results that a hydraulic control system of the target PHEV could be designed that satisfied the required flow for the motor cooling, lubrication and brake control using the design procedure proposed in this study.     

浅析插电式混合动力功能样车试制方法

针对某款插电式混合动力汽车(PHEV)特点,依据功能样车验证需求逆向解析样车试制要求,并以此开展试制验证工作,满足不断提升的产品研发质量需求,达成项目QCD最优。本文从解析样车要求、试制方案设计、样车评价三方面介绍功能样车试制验证方法。     

Development of estimation algorithms for vehicle’s mass and road grade

In controlling the longitudinal motion of electrified vehicles such as hybrid vehicles and PHEV (Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles), the variation of the driving resistance loads (or driving loads) such as road grade and actual vehicle mass, is the most influential factor which limits the control performance. Measuring the driving load is not impossible, but it is costly since additional sensors have to be mounted on the vehicle. In this study, methods for estimating vehicle mass and road grade are designed to compensate for the driving loads. The proposed methods are verified using simulation tools and then evaluated experimentally.     

Active roll control for rollover prevention of heavy articulated vehicles with multiple-rollover-index minimisation

This paper presents the application of a nominal control design algorithm for rollover prevention of heavy articulated vehicles with active anti-roll-bar control. This proposed methodology is based on an extension of linear quadratic regulator control for ‘state derivative-induced (control coupled) output regulation’ problems. For heavy articulated vehicles with multiple axles, a performance index with multiple rollover indices is proposed. The proposed methodology allows us to compare the usefulness of various control configurations (i.e. actuators at different axles of the vehicle) based on the interaction of this control configuration with vehicle dynamics. Application of this methodology to a specific heavy articulated vehicle with a tractor semi-trailer shows that a single active anti-roll-bar system at the trailer unit gives better performance than multiple-axle actuators at tractor and trailer together with the single lane change manoeuvre as the external disturbance. Thus, the proposed methodology of this paper not only highlights the importance of the interactions between control and vehicle dynamics in rollover prevention problems but, in fact, proposes a novel technique to exploit the benefits of these interactions judiciously.     

PHEV复合储能系统设计及基于MODA的参数优化

为了提高插电式混合动力汽车的燃油经济性、降低污染物的排放,并解决插电式混合动力汽车单一动力电池低比功率、无法响应暂态功率需求的问题,设计蓄电池和超级电容并联的复合储能系统,采用带有滑动窗口的实时小波功率分配策略,并对滑动窗口长度进行选择。该功率分配策略将复合储能系统的需求功率分解成高频和低频两部分,超级电容接收高频分量,蓄电池接收低频分量,避免了高频分量对于蓄电池的冲击,提高了蓄电池的耐久性和可靠性。制定基于规则的控制策略,以整车燃油消耗量和污染物排放量为优化目标,利用多目标蜻蜓算法对相关控制参数进行优化。基于ADVISOR搭建含有复合储能系统的插电式混合动力汽车整车仿真模型,采用新欧洲行驶循环工况进行测试,并通过与带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法进行对比,验证算法的有效性。研究结果表明：利用多目标蜻蜓算法优化后的车辆百公里燃油消耗平均降低了12.71%,污染物综合排放性能平均下降了10.05%;相对于优化前,发动机输出功率减少,电机输出功率增加,发动机和电机的工作效率均得到了显著提升;Pareto最优解的收敛性和覆盖范围优于带精英策略的非支配排序遗传算法,同时得到的多组Pareto最优解为整车设计和优化提供了更多选择。