重型商用汽车排气系统流场分析

随着机动车辆尤其是重型商用车辆的增加,车辆废气、噪声等问题已成为影响人们日常生活的严重问题,而目前的排气系统存在不能有效的降低发动机排气噪声,同时排气阻力大,发动机功率损失较大,增加了耗油量。本文通过对某商用车型排气系统进行数值模拟,计算得到了其内部压力、速度、温度等参数的分布情况。根据分析结果,对消声器的内部结构进行了优化。改进后,内部流场的压力分布均匀,腔中大的湍流明显减少,避免二次噪音的出现,温度在两腔中变化明显,出口温度有所降低,消声器总体性能得到改善。     

某型电源车车舱通风散热性能优化研究

建立某型电源车车舱三维CFD模型,选取Realizable k-ε湍流模型,对电源车车舱内空气流场和温度场进行仿真计算,分析车舱的通风散热情况,发现了柴油发电机组和消声器散热存在的问题,并通过在机组舱后壁设计一个轴流风机对散热结构进行了改进。针对改进后的模型进行通风散热仿真分析,发现柴油发电机组和消声器表面温度明显下降。对车舱内温度进行实测,将测试结果与仿真计算结果进行对比分析,结果表明,增加轴流风机后车舱内通风散热效果明显改善。     

计及车身附件气动干涉影响的汽车流场数值仿真研究

以降低汽车气动阻力、获得最优气动造型为目的,应用计算流体动力学方法对某轿车内外流场进行了数值仿真,分析并总结了车身附件气动干涉和发动机舱内空气流动对整车气动性能的影响.计算结果表明:车身附件对整车气动特性有较大影响.其中,底部结构和轮胎的影响较大;余者(后视镜、雨刮器和门把手)的影响很小.考虑了车身附件的影响后,气动阻力约增加23%;加上发动机舱内空气流动的影响,整车气动阻力共增大约35%.分析还表明,车轮的转动有利于改善车底气流与尾流的相互作用,使气动阻力稍有降低.     

圆筒型SCR后处理器性能分析

文章在理论及数值模拟的基础上分析圆筒消声器内部结构对整体性能的影响,进行无载体及有载体构型的模拟计算;获得其压力场、速度场,通过对比得到后处理器内部阻力产生部位、湍动能集中点等;同时进行实车压降及排温试验,得到相关数据为设计提供参考及依据。     

多孔孔板在催化消声器中的应用研究

催化消声器作为排气系统降噪及降低排放主要的元件,管道内流体的均匀性对其催化效率具有重要的影响。利用多孔孔板整流的特性,对催化消声器的流场进行优化,并应用CFD对优化后的催化消声器进行三维数值计算验证。结果表明:多孔孔板在催化消声器中具有普遍适用性,经过优化后的催化消声器载体内流场更加均匀,此时催化器的催化效率会有相应的提高,不好的影响是背压会增加少许。     

复杂汽车消声器内部流场数值模拟

汽车消声器是降低排气噪声的主要装置。近年来随着汽车工业的发展，国际上已经开始对汽车的各个零部件分别加以优化设计，其中利用计算流体力学对消声器的流场进行模拟是消声器设计的一个新动向。但是，对于比较复杂的消声器其内部流场复杂，计算量大，计算往往费时过多。本文利用并行计算机群，克服了硬件的困难，用计算流体力学对一复杂消声器内部流场进行了模拟。消声器以穿孔管为主要内件，共有2080个小孔。模拟结果清楚地反映了孔喷射和腔内涡流等流动现象，计算了多个工况，得到进口流速和背压关系。本文计算结果对消声器的设计有指导意义。     

穿孔管消声器声学性能时域预测方法对比分析EI北大核心CSCD

使用GT-POWER软件和三维时域CFD法计算了穿孔管消声器在流动介质和静态介质中的传递损失,并与实验测量结果进行比较以验证两种时域方法的计算精度和适用范围。结果表明:在所关心的频率范围内,无论在有流或无流的条件下,三维时域CFD法皆可比较精确地计算穿孔管消声器的声学性能;而GT-POWER软件在平面波范围内可较好地预测消声器的声衰减特性,但当消声器内部存在复杂气流流动时,计算结果与实验数据偏差较大。     

车用催化转化器流动阻力影响因素的研究

流动阻力是车用催化转化器的重要性能之一。作者对载体结构参数，入口扩张管和出口收这三个因素进行了试验研究，并对载体通道的流动进行了理论分析，提出了一种计算载体流动阻力的方法。研究结果表明，载体结构参数和扩张管锥角对流动阻力影响显著，而收缩管锥角的影响不明显，在载体结构参数中，减小载体壁厚是降低催化器阻力的有效措施。     

穿孔管消声器声学性能时域预测方法对比分析

使用GT-POWER软件和三维时域CFD法计算了穿孔管消声器在流动介质和静态介质中的传递损失,并与实验测量结果进行比较以验证两种时域方法的计算精度和适用范围。结果表明:在所关心的频率范围内,无论在有流或无流的条件下,三维时域CFD法皆可比较精确地计算穿孔管消声器的声学性能;而GT-POWER软件在平面波范围内可较好地预测消声器的声衰减特性,但当消声器内部存在复杂气流流动时,计算结果与实验数据偏差较大。     

CFD在排气系统表面温度分析中的运用

汽车零件热保护仿真分析需要排气系统表面温度作为输入条件。考虑了排气系统内部结构对排气系统表面温度分布的影响,在整车环境下建立排气系统内部及外部流动的CFD模型,并利用Fluent软件计算排气系统表面温度。CFD分析结果与实验结果吻合较好,表明CFD分析手段可以用于计算排气系统表面温度。结合传热学相关理论知识与排气系统表面温度CFD分析结果,总结排气系统表面温度分布特点。     

车用歧管式催化器内部流速及压力分析

通过数值模拟和试验验证,分析了歧管式催化器内部气流的速度场、压力场和气流分布状态,并与常规的底盘下催化器进行了比较.结果表明:随入口流量的增大,歧管式催化器内部气流流速增大、压力损失增大、径向分布均匀性降低;气流的径向分布不同于常规催化器集中于轴线的轴对称形式,而是在载体前端面呈比较分散的状态,其中管板复合型歧管式催化...     

Analysis of the performance of the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system

The purpose of this research was to establish a theoretical model for the evaporator of automotive air conditioning system and conducting simulations to evaluate the effect of operation parameters, environmental conditions, and design parameters on the performance of evaporator. An automotive air conditioning system primarily consists of four components: the compressor, the condenser, the refrigerant controller, and the evaporator. The refrigerant flow in the evaporator can be divided into two regions: the evaporating region and the superheat region. The refrigerant in the first region is a two-phase flow, while the refrigerant in the latter region is in the state of superheated vapor. The air flowing through the interior of the evaporator can also be divided into two zones: the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. Water vapor is condensed in the saturated zone while in the unsaturated zone, no water condenses. Because the refrigerant flow and the airflow are perpendicular to each other, the distribution of refrigerant in the evaporating region and the superheat region does not coincide with the distribution of air in the unsaturated zone and the saturated zone. This study examines the effects of different design parameters, environmental conditions and operating parameters on the cooling capacity and superheat of an air conditioning system. Design parameters include the length of the refrigerant channel, the length of the air channel, and the thickness of the fins. Environmental conditions include the air inlet temperature and absolute humidity. Operation conditions include the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, inlet air flow rate, and refrigerant mass flow rate. Results of simulation demonstrated that fins with 50 micron meters width has the greatest cooling capacity for identical outer dimensions; thicker or thinner fins only decreased cooling capacity. Under different outer dimensions, longer refrigerant tubes and air channels created a greater cooling capacity. However, the increase in cooling capacity becomes less and less if the refrigerant flow was fixed because the heat transfer capability of the gaseous refrigerant was limited. In this study, an increase of 19% in cooling capacity can be reached as the length of refrigerant channels was increased, and the increased length of the air channels can promote the cooling capacity by 22%. Besides, it was found in this study that a decrease in the refrigerant inlet enthalpy, the inlet air flow rate, the air inlet temperature, and the inlet absolute humidity, or an increase in the refrigerant mass flow rate, would extend the superheat region and decrease the refrigerant’s superheat. It was also found that the cooling capacity of air conditioners is extremely sensitive to changes in the refrigerant mass flow rate and the inlet enthalpy, and variations more than 50% were found in the operating ranges examined in this study. However, changes in the inlet temperature, absolute humidity, and inlet air flow rate only resulted in variations between 10% and 20% in the examined ranges of conditions. Finally, a correlation among these variables and the simulated cooling capacity was obtained in this study, enabling the relevant researchers to evaluate automotive air conditioning performance under different environmental conditions and operation parameters more easily.     

Performance of air conditioners with a gas-liquid separation condenser and one-tank laminated evaporator

In this study, a parallel flow condenser and laminated evaporator for an automotive air-conditioning system were modified to improve performance. Gas-liquid separation type condensers, in which the condenser and receiver drier are integrated, and one-tank laminated type evaporators were developed, and their performances were investigated experimentally using HFC-134a. Heat transfer characteristics in the condenser are examined by means of air temperature, air velocity entering the condenser and inlet pressure of the refrigerant; heat transfer characteristics in the evaporator are examined by means of air temperature, relative humidity, flow rate of air, outlet pressure of refrigerant and superheat. Pressure drops for both evaporator and condenser are also measured, and correlations for pressure drop are derived for the condenser and evaporator, respectively. Air velocity and mass flow rate of the refrigerant have a significant effect on the overall heat transfer coefficient, and flow pass is not significantly influenced by the cooling capacity of the condenser. The overall heat transfer coefficient of the evaporator increases as air flow rate, air temperature and relative humidity increases.     

周向进气角对部分进气涡轮性能影响的数值研究

针对一种新型的部分进气可变截面涡轮增压器,采用数值研究方法对不同周向进气角涡轮的低速工况性能及内部流场进行了分析研究,掌握了部分进气涡轮的工作特性和内部流动损失机理,明确了周向进气角对涡轮效率和流量的影响程度,为实现增压器与不同类型发动机的匹配提供了依据。     

SCR系统尿素喷雾特性影响因素的CFD仿真分析

利用AVL Fire三维商用仿真软件对SCR系统尿素喷雾特性的影响因素进行了模拟计算,考察的因素包括工况、尿素喷射压力、尿素水溶液的温度及喷嘴的安装角度。结果表明:喷雾形态受来流影响较大,喷雾的速度及贯穿距离随排气流量增加,排气流量越小,排气温度(SCR喷嘴处排气温度)越高,越利于喷雾液滴的蒸发和热解;喷射压力对液滴的喷雾形态影响不大,但对NH3的浓度场分布影响较大,喷射压力越高,NH3的生成效率越低;尿素溶液温度对喷雾形态及NH3的转化影响不大;喷嘴安装角增大利于喷雾液滴蒸发和热解。     

柴油机螺旋进气道流场模拟及参数变动研究

利用FIRE软件建立了某柴油机螺旋进气道的三维仿真模型,对进气流动进行了CFD模拟计算。在用气道稳流试验台验证了仿真模型的准确性后,分析了进气道内部的流场分布。利用模型的方便性考察了进气门座圈倒角、进气道放置角度等结构参数对进气流场分布的影响,得到了一些有参考价值的结论。     

Numerical and experimental investigation of lubricating oil flow in a gerotor pump

Gerotor pumps are widely used in the automotive industry for engine oil lubrication, due to their high volumetric efficiency and smooth pumping action. In many cases, the lubricating oil from the sump is mixed with contaminants, such as dust and tiny solid particles, or becomes thickened, due to aging. These problems will lead to critical situations, such as increased noise, enhanced wear and erosion, and poor lubrication of the engine. These critical situations were studied by conducting a detailed CFD integrated investigation on a gerotor pump’s performance at different operating conditions in three phases, and the results are presented in this paper. In first phase, a CFD model of a gerotor pump was developed with a dynamic mesh for the rotary movement of both the inner and outer rotors. The effects on pump flow rate of important parameters, such as rotor speed, fluid viscosity and number of ports, were simulated using non-contaminated oil at room temperature and an elevated temperature of 140oC. The relationship between flow rate and pressure at different rotor speeds was predicted and validated with test data for further parametric study. The pressure ripples at different time steps were measured at different angular positions of the rotors to examine the model accuracy. It was found that the flow rate increased and pressure pulsation, as well as flow recirculation, was reduced when ports were added to the cover plate. A suction pipe with a strainer was added for the second phase to capture the undesired changes in flow behavior, such as cavitation, which is caused by negative suction at the inlet region of pump. A suitable size for the inlet suction pipe for this pump was chosen after performing tests to characterize the flow behavior with single and double ports. Next, the relationship between pressure drop and strainer porosity was determined using different porosity values for the strainers. In the final phase, oil with different concentrations of solids was simulated to measure the effect of solid particles on flow rates and pressure losses. It was observed that the intensity of the recirculation was reduced at the suction end at the higher concentration of 0.04%, due to particle inertial effects. It was also found that particle size distribution affected the overall efficiency and pressure head of the pump.     

应用三维CFD计算发动机进气门流量系数

通过CFD计算求得了 4 91QE电控汽油机的进气门流量系数 ,并与试验数据进行了对比 ,分析了误差的产生原因。分别用计算和试验得到的流量系数对发动机进行了循环模拟 ,计算了发动机在额定点和最大扭矩点进气总管管内的压力波和气体流量 ,二者间的误差在可接受的范围内     

不同进气压力对高密度-低温柴油机燃烧的数值模拟

应用fire软件模拟分析不同进气压力对高密度-低温柴油机燃烧和性能的影响。对4100柴油发动机进行模拟计算,结果表明：不同进气压力情况下,其燃烧路径大部避开Soot和NOx的主要生成区域;提高进气压力会使燃烧充分,放热速率加快。进气压力对发动机性能影响明显,进一步增大进气压力能在Soot和NOx排放有效降低的同时,发动机的动力性能明显提高而燃油消耗降低。这表明高密度-低温柴油机燃烧模式能够通过提高进气压力同时降低排放和提高热效率。     

质子交换膜燃料电池系统建模与仿真分析

本文基于Amesim软件建立完整的燃料电池系统模型,包含电堆、空气系统、氢气系统和冷却系统模型,研究系统操作条件变化对系统性能的影响,结果表明,该模型可对空气计量比、电堆空入压力、电堆氢入压力、电堆水入温度等参数进行敏感性分析,并选出了最优系统运行操作条件及其对应的系统功率和效率输出,支持系统开发和操作条件优化。