盐田国际的成就令人瞩目

<正>一、盐田国际近年来的高速发展 自1994年7月盐田国际正式营业以来,码头的集装箱吞吐量以翻倍的速度逐年增长。1995年的吞吐量为10.6万个标准箱,1996年达到35万个标准箱,1997年接近64万个标准箱,1998年预计可完成95～100万个标准箱。从运作开始,盐田港一直保持50％～60％的市场份额占有量,其吞吐量的稳健攀升为深圳港跃居全国第二大集装箱港提供强有力的保证。 盐田港吞吐量的快速增长与国际船公司的支持是分不开的。1994年,马士基船公司首先开辟盐田-欧洲的航线。经过4年来的努力,马士基、美国总统船务公司、东方海外等十多间船务公司开辟每周13条国际航线,其中8条美洲线、3条欧洲线、1条亚洲线和1条澳洲线。另外,沿海支线船和香港捷运向尚未在盐田开辟航线的长荣、阳明、韩进等船公司提供前往香港接驳大船的运输服务。     

抢占经济复苏后的产业制高点

已经30年的中国国际海事会展依然吸引全球嘉宾,即使在全球金融危机的影响下,也没有消褪来自全球各地的航运、造船业的热情。主办方统计数据显示,第十五届中国国际海事会展面积超过了55000平方米,比上届增长了约40％,共有30个国家和地区的1200多家单位参展。而以“危机、挑战与机遇”为主题的高级海事论坛,更是一场精英云集、宏论嘉言精彩迭出的业界盛宴。     

海南自由贸易港背景下航运新特征对海事管理的要求及对策研究

随着海南自由贸易港建设的深入推进,我国将在海南实施更加开放的航运政策,建立与国际接轨的国际船舶登记制度,海南航运业将呈现新的特征。作者对海南自由贸易港建设背景下海南航运进行了展望,分析了未来海事管理工作面临的新考验,并提出海事部门要强化自身建设,不断推进海事治理能力和治理体系现代化,以适应高速发展的航运经济。     

中远集运船舶全球动态监控系统的技术特点

为实现全球航行船舶的有效监控,公司自主开发的“中远集运船舶全球动态监控系统”解决了岸端主控的难题,实现了对船舶航行状态进行准确、实时跟踪,并将船舶动态、静态、人员、工况、载货、自动识别系统（AIS）、保安报警系统（SSAS）与气象等多态异构数据整合在同一信息平台,是具有实际应用价值的全球船舶动态监控系统。该系统获2008年度“中国航海学会科学技术一等奖”。     

Shipping and the Transfer of Technology†

This paper discusses and assesses the complex process of change that has occurred in East Europe over thc last five years, and attempts to relate these changes to the shipping sector. Conventional mathematical methods are discussed as inappropriate in analysing economic, social and political developments and the technique of conceptual modelling is used, borrowed from other disciplines including those of environmental appraisal and computer sciences. The main linkages are discussed with particular reference to the Polish shipping sector, with specific analysis of the legal, managerial, spatial, economic, political, social and organizational contexts. The dominant themes of change are drawn out in an attempt to predict the impact on the Polish shipping industry in general and the three main State companies–Polish Ocean Lines (Liner Shipping); Polish Steamship Company (Bulk/Tramp) and Polish Baltic Ferries– that dominate the market.     

East European shipping and economic change: a conceptual model

This paper discusses and assesses the complex process of change that has occurred in East Europe over thc last five years, and attempts to relate these changes to the shipping sector. Conventional mathematical methods are discussed as inappropriate in analysing economic, social and political developments and the technique of conceptual modelling is used, borrowed from other disciplines including those of environmental appraisal and computer sciences. The main linkages are discussed with particular reference to the Polish shipping sector, with specific analysis of the legal, managerial, spatial, economic, political, social and organizational contexts. The dominant themes of change are drawn out in an attempt to predict the impact on the Polish shipping industry in general and the three main State companies-Polish Ocean Lines (Liner Shipping); Polish Steamship Company (Bulk/Tramp) and Polish Baltic Ferries- that dominate the market.     

Measuring and sustaining the UK maritime skills base: A review

Numerous factors over the past three decades have contributed to a major decline in the number of seagoing staff in the United Kingdom. These include shipping companies opting for other flags, as well as the profession itself becoming less and less attractive for school leavers. This decrease in numbers is not only significant for shipping companies, but also for the allied services which used to get supported from seafarers coming ashore in search of a new career. It is now recognised that changes in the maritime skills base will affect both the seagoing as well as the shore side of the industry.     

Analysis of students’ perceptions of seafaring career in China based on artificial neural network and genetic programming

Research indicates that the worldwide shortage of qualified seafarers has been due to the rapidly increasing world merchant fleet on the one hand and the difficulty of attracting and retaining people in the industry on the other. The paper argues that in the context of the Chinese shipping industry, the high “wastage” is one of the major contributors to the shortage. The aims of the research are to examine the motives of students studying nautical courses; identify the key factors affecting nautical students to choose seafaring career, and to predict students’ career choice behavior. The research finds that (a) those who had a clear sense of their future career when enrolled in the nautical studies tend to choose a seafaring career and remain active for a longer period of time; (b) high wage is the most important factor affecting students’ decisions to choose seafaring as a career; (c) prolonged separation from family, job opportunities ashore, and concern about children’s growth and education are among the top three factors for students not to choose a seafaring career or to quit it early; and (d) nautical students’ career choice behaviors can be predicted through the use of artificial neural network (ANN) and genetic programming (GP) with five rules being generated. This novel methodological approach, a combination of ANN and GP, has been proven to be effective in analyzing complex variables and in generating rules.     

为国家 为企业 为员工——中央人民广播电台专访十一届全国人大代表张富生实录

3月12日,十一届全国人大代表、全国人大外事委员会委员、中远集团党组书记张富生在会议期间,接受了中央人民广播电台两会特别节目《做客中央台》的专访。张富生书记在与主持人,资深媒体人曹景行教授的对话中就航运形势、航运企业的发展与转型、索马里海盗、企业的社会责任、海员待遇等业内关注的问题做了详尽解答。本刊特刊载专访实录(略作删改),以飨读者。     

不信东风唤不回

<正>2010年伊始,期盼已久的内河航运的春天终于来到了。从去年12月国务院副总理张德江前往湖北省调研内河航运发展情况并强调"当前和今后一个时期,要把内河航运发展摆在经济社会     

Shipping and investment incentives: a trilogy Part 2. Investment incentives for shipping

This paper concentrates on the shipping industry and considers the forms of fiscal and financial incentives which are used by different governments to promote or encourage investment in their shipping industry. The analysis reduces the various packages of investment incentives and loan arrangements to a common measurement—the net present value of the package—and uses this to draw international comparisons and rankings. The results are based on different values of rates of return in the shipping industry and under certain assumptions concerning the rate of inflation and the rate of discount. Differences in loan arrangements have also been incorporated. The particular results are valid only for the specified circumstances but the methodology is generally applicable.     

Management and labour in shipping: A role for co-operatives

The employment and management policies of the shipping industry are in legal and administrative confusion. The shipping industry is struggling with an unworkable global governance based on flag state sovereignty and a sanctionless international regulatory regime. Seafarers suffer most from this state of affairs, but so do the shipping industry’s public image. Few co-operatives of maritime workers exist in national or international shipping. A new employment theory is long overdue. Human centred management policies can only attain their full potential through co-operative or mutual associations. This paper describes the application of enlightened and socially conscious management principles to the shipping industry. Seafarers’ co-operatives are the future organisational building blocks of the shipping industry. Co-operatives can rescue maritime workers from developing countries from exploitation and the debilitating effects of casual labour by providing “all in one” seagoing and shore based professional careers. Seafarers’ co-operatives can solve the shipping industry’s maritime training and education problems. The seven universal principles of co-operative management will guide shipping management in setting human centred objectives that command respect of those who come in contact with the shipping industry.     

上海——迈向二十一世纪的国际航运中心

<正>中共十四大作出“以上海浦东开发开放为龙头,进一步开放长江沿岸城市,尽快把上海建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,带动长江三角洲和整个长江流域经济的新飞跃”的重大战略决策。根据党中央这一战略决策,上海市在编制《国民经济和社会发展“九五”计划纲要及2010年发展目标》时明确提出上海长远发展目标是,到2010年基本建成国际经济、金融、贸易中心之一,崛起成为新的国际经济中心城市。要顺利实现这一发展战略,必须加快上海国际航运中心建设,大力发展国际航运,形成四通八达的国际国内交通运输网络。     

造船行业施行清洁生产的研究

为提高原料和能源的利用效率,实现造船行业的绿色环保发展,更好的保护人和环境。尝试将清洁生产的理论与方法导入造船业,提出造船行业清洁生产的概念,分析船舶工业清洁生产的意义、内涵、模式与途径。认为在船舶工业推广清洁生产,创建绿色造船企业,开展节能、降耗和再生利用,引进环境管理体系,加强清洁生产管理,能够增强船舶工业核心竞争力,促进船舶工业可持续发展。     

船舶改装和修船技术的发展与创新

随着航运的迅速发展以及新的运输模式对传统运输模式的替代，船舶不断向大型化、专用化、自动化和安全环保型的方向发展。新的运输模式的发展使一些以传统运输模式运营的船舶运力得不到充分的发挥， 使航运部门背上沉重的经济负担。通过对一些技术状况较好的船舶进行改装使其适应新的运输需要发挥其应有的运力，使运输船队的结构更趋合理，从而提高经济效益。     

Developments in UK shipping: the tonnage tax

The new UK Government, elected in May 1997, came to power with a commitment to reverse the decline of the UK shipping industry and enhance the employment prospects of UK seafarers. The Government commissioned Lord Alexander of Weedon to investigate the case for a tonnage tax. In this paper, the economic arguments for supporting the UK shipping industry are reviewed. There is some evidence that the UK holds a comparative advantage in world markets in key sectors of the shipping industry and on-shore maritime related activities, but is being undermined by lower foreign taxes. In the absence of government support, the UK shipping industry is likely to continue to decline, and, by further reducing the supply of qualified UK ex-seafarers, put at risk the successful on-shore activities. Various measures that might be used to support a national shipping industry, e.g. a tonnage tax, are considered. The paper concludes by discussing the likely impact of the tonnage tax on the UK's shipping industry.     

船舶效率：后危机时期关注的焦点

经历了金融危机的冲击和煎熬，中外船东和船厂没有了往日航运和船市繁荣时的喧嚣和热闹。在刚刚走过一段短暂的旺季后，航运市场又复归低迷，波澜不惊的背后，全球集装箱船队运力闲置规模再创历史新高，法国著名班轮经纪公司Alphaliner最近数据显示为572艘集装箱船，     

The Nigerian shipping industry and indigenous shipping companies

The shipping industry in Nigeria since the early 1990s has been experiencing a continuous disastrous downturn. Nigerian shipping companies' participation in international shipping has continued to be very limited. Their presence and impact is hardly felt in the world's shipping industry. Both the national carriers (that is shipping companies with national carrier status) and other indigenous private shipping companies have vessel as well as management problems. These problems have led to the poor performance of the Nigerian shipping industry for over a decade now. The carriers in the industry are not attaining for the country the gains that are supposed to emanate from shipping. This paper points out the importance of shipping to a nation, identifies the problems the country's shipping companies are facing and proffers solutions that include merging of the companies to have strong financial standing and a competitive edge.     

Positional change in the Polish liner shipping market: a framework approach

This paper examines the changing position of Polish Ocean Lines (POL) container shipping activities in the North Atlantic, in the light of social, political and economic changes occurring in Poland. An analysis is made of alternative ways of assessing company position—ranging from the qualitative to the quantitative—and that of a qualitative framework approach is selected. Application of this framework using POL as a case study provides an indication of positional change between 1988 and 1993 reflecting the period of major change in Eastern Europe.     

Enhancing the competitiveness of Korea’s container shipping industry through structural improvements

ABSTRACT

After the collapse of Hanjin Shipping in 2016, Korea faced the task of reconstructing its container shipping industry by enhancing the competitiveness of its shipping companies in a rapidly evolving market environment. Responding to this need for policy design, this study first attempts to understand the industry based on the shipping ecosystem, which comprises the following four areas: shipping finance, collection of cargo, acquisition of ships, and partnership among carriers. Second, it lists the structural problems, along with the remedial policy alternatives, that were identified after conducting in-depth interviews with industry experts, which included mid-level managers. Third, it conducts an importance-performance analysis to classify problems according to their importance and performance, followed by an analytic hierarchy process analysis to define the priorities of policy alternatives. Finally, drawing on the empirical results, the paper concludes with suggestions on an integrated policy package for the container shipping industry.