沙质海岸破波带内底部离岸流及沙坝迁移数值模拟研究

建立了破波带内三维水动力泥沙数学模型体系,模型中同时考虑了波浪、波生底部离岸流、非粘性泥沙运动及地貌演变等动力机制。通过波浪水槽实验实测水、沙及地形数据验证,所建模式可有效模拟破波带内底部离岸流、泥沙运动过程及离岸沙坝的随时间迁移规律。模拟成果表明波浪破碎后引起的波生流系在破波带内形成一个时均垂向环流结构,其中底部时均流向指向外海,表层则指向近岸,靠近破波点处,底部离岸流的流速逐渐降低。在时均垂向环流体系的输送下,破波带内被波浪掀起的床面泥沙在底部离岸流作用下持续向外海输送,并在破波点附近堆积形成沙坝。沙坝的形成改变了局部波流场结构,在波浪的持续作用下逐渐向外海运移直至剖面达到基本平衡。     

基于非结构化网格的波流耦合模拟及应用

波浪与潮流相互作用是近岸海域的关键水动力因素。基于相同的非结构化网格同时模拟潮流和波浪,并通过参数的同步传递,即实现波流的耦合计算。模型中潮流基于三维水动力模型FVCOM,并引入波致辐射应力和水体紊动;波浪基于波谱平衡方程和光程函数方程求解,方程中均考虑流速的影响,可用于大范围波流耦合计算。通过两个算例对流和波浪在传播过程中的相互影响进行了验证;同时对实际海域的潮流和波浪进行了耦合计算,结果表明:模型对模拟近岸波流的耦合作用有着很好的精度和适用性,可用于实际工程的计算。     

一种有限体积悬沙输运模型在苏北辐射沙脊群海域的应用

悬沙输运是近岸水域地形演变的重要因素之一,南黄海辐射沙脊群海域悬沙在波浪和潮流的共同作用下有着巨量的输运。文章构建了基于无结构三角形网格的Roe-MUSCL有限体积悬沙输运数值模型,其中心思想是使悬沙浓度求解过程同步且具有高分辨率。基于无结构三角形网格,将每一个独立的三角形单元作为控制个体,分别在各三角形单元上对控制方程进行Gauss线积分离散,采用二阶MUSCL重构格式和Roe型数值通量形式对控制方程进行空间离散,采用一阶向前差分格式的时间离散方法,通过对扩散项的平衡处理,建立了能够适应复杂地形和水动力条件下的高分辨二维有限体积悬沙输运数学模型,并根据当地海域的悬沙浓度实测资料进行数值验证。     

南黄海辐射沙脊群海域三维水动力数值模拟

基于无规则网格的有限体积海岸海洋模型(FVCOM),建立适用于辐射沙脊群海域的三维潮流数学模型。为了更好地贴合不规则海岸边界,平面采用三角形网格剖分,垂向采用σ坐标进行模拟。结果表明,模型的计算值与观测值吻合良好,较好地反映了研究海域流场的时空分布特征。整个海域流场由南、北两股潮流向弶港辐聚辐散,各深槽流速较大而集中,流向与深槽走向十分一致;弶港以北,表、底层余流方向都是从南到北的沿岸流,南部海域的近岸余流有逆时针的旋转流,近深槽余流大都指向深槽。     

平推式造波板运动的数值模拟

平推式推板造波机是近岸及海洋工程波浪物理模型试验中非常重要的试验设备.文章通过垂向二维数学模型,利用线性造波理论来模拟造波板运动,分析了造波板前后水体动力过程,以及当造波板后不设消波设施时,造波板至后墙距离对水体动力过程的影响.该数学模型以包含水气二相流系统的Navier-Stokes方程为基本控制方程,应用粒子Lev...     

Boussinesq方程在工程建成后波浪增水及近岸流变化研究中的应用

本文从完全非线性的Boussinesq方程出发,首先,对Kirby等(1998)建立的基于高阶非线性Boussinesq方程的数学模型进行测试验证,验证结果表明由Boussinesq方程建立的非线性波模型具有较高的精度,可有效模拟近岸波浪变形及破碎过程。然后将该模型应用于实际工程,模拟工程前后的波浪变化过程,模型很好的反应了波浪传播过程中的反射、折射、绕射、破碎、波生流以及增减水现象,最后,对工程前后模型结果进行对比分析,反应出实际工程导致增水和沿岸流的显著变化。而目前工程设计中设计水位没有考虑工程建成后设计水位的变化,这会对海工建筑物及保护区造成致命性的破坏。因此工程设计水位需考虑工程建成后设计水位的变化。     

非缓坡非均匀流场中多向不规则波传播数学模型的建立

根据线性波动的叠加原理和波浪方向谱理论,在文献[1]的非缓坡非均匀流场的规则波基本方程的基础上,推导出了非缓坡非均匀流场中的多向不规则波传播变形的偏微分方程,并使用有限差分方法建立了数学模型。该模型避开了求解波动势函数的困难,直接求解波动能量的空间分布,可采用简单的有限差分数值方法求解,对空间步长没有限制,适合非缓坡复杂地形及存在流场的情况下大面积波浪场(波高和波向)的计算。     

深海极限波浪运动特性的简便算法(英文)

本文基于五阶Stokes规则波理论,提出了一种快速求解深海极限波浪运动特性的数学模型.研究中,按照上跨零点和下跨零点的方法由计算或实测的极限波浪波面时间历程确定包含极限波峰或波谷的相邻两个周期的平均值为五阶Stokes规则波的波浪周期,然后根据极限波峰或波谷值反推确定波浪入射波幅.通过与已有的数值结果和实验数据对比,验证了本文所建立的数值模型可以快速准确的计算出极限波浪下的速度场,相比其他模型,更适合于工程应用.     

自适应网格下的近岸波浪缓坡方程数值模型

在近岸变水深缓坡海域,充分考虑到波浪传播过程中的折射、绕射、反射以及波浪破碎等效应,采用引入破碎项的椭圆型缓坡方程,基于自适应四叉树网格建立了近岸波浪缓坡方程的数值模型,数值模型采用有限体积法求解。该网格可根据计算节点处波长与网格尺寸间的关系自动判定是否进行网格加密划分,使之适应椭圆型缓坡方程每个波长范围内至少布置8个计算节点的特征,提高计算精度的同时又能提高计算效率。采用已有的物理模型试验和实测资料对数值模型进行了验证。结果表明,该模型可以有效地模拟近岸变水深缓坡海域波浪传播。     

重叠网格在船舶CFD中的应用研究

文章采用RANS方法和重叠网格计算了带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。计算网格采用重叠网格的型式,自由液面的模拟采用单相Level-Set方法,Reynolds应力采用k-ω模型,采用体单元有限差分方法和PISO算法求解RANS方程。文中简要描述了重叠网格和单相Level Set自由液面模拟方法的数学模型及求解。通过对S60单体船型约束模和自由模型采用重叠网格的数值求解及与试验结果的比较表明该重叠可较好地模拟带自由液面船舶自由态绕流问题。另采用重叠网格对一简单的双体船和三体船进行了数值求解,计算结果也表明重叠网格和单相Level-Set方法可较好地模拟带自由液面的船舶绕流问题。     

波浪对潮流影响的数值模拟及其应用

文章将水动力因素分为潮流特征周期与波浪特征周期两部分,建立了考虑波浪影响的潮流方程。通过考虑波浪引起的辐射应力、表面和底部边界层、Stokes漂流以及Coriolis波浪应力等因素,利用数值方法分析了波浪对潮流场的影响,并将其应用到渤海区域中,分析渤海内波浪对于潮流的影响。     

低频波浪在常水深地形中传播的数值研究

利用基于Boussinesq方程的波浪辐射应力计算模型,模拟常水深地形中传播的低频波浪,研究其形态变化,以及低频波浪与波浪辐射应力之间的关系。结果发现约束长波的波幅和波群的辐射应力值基本保持在某一均值不变;主频的波幅、约束长波的波幅都会做一定周期的震荡,同时波群的辐射应力也随之而震荡,三者之间的变化关系是波群非线性能量传递的表现。     

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of \(\pm 35^\circ\) in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

     

瓯江口波流耦合作用下二维流场数值模拟研究

基于MIKE21 SW海浪模式,建立非结构网格下的瓯江口二维、双向波流耦合数学模型,对该海区波流共同存在下的二维流场进行了数值模拟,计算结果与实测数据吻合良好,且优于未耦合的结果,比较分析表明：考虑潮流作用大大改善了波高和周期的计算结果,使之更接近观测结果;波浪对潮位的影响较小,对流速的影响较大,其中落潮憩息时刻,波浪对流速的影响最大.     

基于设计波法的舰船整船有限元强度分析

基于谱分析法对舰船剖面波浪载荷进行长期预报并确定设计波参数.利用有限元软件MSC.Patran 建立了全船有限元模型,通过PCL语言实现设计波波浪压力对船体湿表面有限元网格的自动加载.对2个设计波下的整船有限元进行分析,结果表明:整船分析不仅能真实表现舰船整体总纵变形和应力水平,还能充分考虑局部载荷对结构响应的影响.另外,基于三维水动力理论分析船体运动和剖面载荷进而确定设计波参数的过程,克服了传统经验公式估算载荷所导致的结果的不确定性和强度校核的不合理性.     

数值波浪水池中船舶顶浪运动模拟研究

文献[1,2]进行了数值波浪水池波浪环境的模拟、规则波顶浪中船舶水动力的计算以及船舶辐射问题的模拟.文章在其基础上,基于N-S方程,对规则波中顶浪前进的Wigley船模运动进行了模拟.数值模拟的船模运动结果与DUT(Dem University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,分析,二者符合较好.文中与文献[1,2]的研究工作一起,初步构建了真正意义上的基于N-S方程的数值波浪水池.     

Numerical investigation of turbulence near a sheared air–water interface. Part 2: Interaction of turbulent shear flow with surface waves

Large-eddy simulations (LES) of the interactions between turbulent shear flow and surface waves are presented. The formation mechanism of Langmuir circulation and its contribution to the vertical momentum transport are investigated in detail. The effect of surface waves is modeled in two ways in the LES runs. One model includes only the phase-averaged effect of the waves as an added source term in the momentum equation, and the other model includes the full effect of the waves by use of the fully nonlinear conditions of the air-water interface. Langmuir circulations are clearly indicated in both cases, indicating that the phase-averaged effect is essential for the formation of this circulation. It is shown that the formation of Langmuir circulations enhances the vertical transport of momentum. As a result, the mean velocity gradient and the streamwise component of the turbulence intensity are decreased, while the spanwise and interface normal components are increased. Examination of the turbulence energy budget equations shows that production is due to the interaction between the vorticity and the Lagrangian drift as the phase-averaged effect of the wave becomes the dominant source of turbulence. Received: August 17, 2000 / Accepted: December 22, 2000     

Ship motion-sloshing interaction using a field method

Even in relatively calm waters, low amplitude wave-induced motions of an LNG carrier may induce large amplitude liquid sloshing inside the ship's partially filled tanks, and the interaction between ship motions and sloshing may affect the ship's seekeeping properties. A computational procedure, here referred to as the RANS-RANS method, was developed to account for this interaction, and this method was then employed to predict the free surface flow inside the tanks and the corresponding motions of the ship in regular head and beam waves. This method coupled a compressible VoF technique with a generic wave generation and absorption scheme to obtain wave-induced ship motions with and without considering the effects of sloshing in the ship's tanks. Systematic grid studies were performed to obtain a sufficiently fine grid needed to yield converging predictions. The resulting wave patterns, ship motions, and internal sloshing elevations were compared with results obtained from a computational method, here referred to as the RANS-BEM method, that relied on a boundary element method to obtain ship motions. This RANS-RANS method was validated against model test measurements.     

ABAQUS–OlaFlow integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction

In this study, a new one-way integrated numerical model for fluid–seabed–structure interaction is established by integrating the finite element software, ABAQUS, and the open-source fluid dynamics package, OlaFlow. In this new model, the generation and propagation of ocean waves as well as the seepage flow in a porous medium are controlled by OlaFlow; concurrently, the wave-induced dynamic responses of a porous seabed and marine structures are governed by ABAQUS. The reliability of this new model is validated by an analytical solution and a series of wave flume tests. The comparison results show that the new established model has high reliability and feasibility. Finally, this new integrated model is utilized for investigating the wave-induced dynamics of a composite breakwater and its seabed foundation as well as to evaluate the residual horizontal sliding displacement of the caisson of this composite breakwater under wave impact. Because this new integrated numerical model can fully utilize the advantages of both ABAQUS and OlaFlow, it is expected to have broad prospects for application in engineering practice.     

A 3D, finite element model for baroclinic circulation on the Vancouver Island continental shelf

This paper describes the development and application of a 3-dimensional model of the barotropic and baroclinic circulation on the continental shelf west of Vancouver Island, Canada. A previous study with a 2D barotropic model and field data revealed that several tidal constituents have a significant baroclinic component (the K1 in particular). Thus we embarked on another study with a 3D model to study the baroclinic effects on the residual and several selected tidal constituents.The 3D model uses a harmonic expansion in time and a finite element discretization in space. All nonlinear terms are retained, including quadratic bottom stress, advection and wave transport (continuity nonlinearity). The equations are solved as a global and a local problem, where the global problem is the solution of the wave equation formulation of the shallow water equations, and the local problem is the solution of the momentum equation for the vertical velocity profile. These equations are coupled to the advection-diffusion equation for density so that density gradient forcing is included in the momentum equations. However, the study presented here describes diagnostic calculations for the baroclinic residual circulation only.The model is sufficiently efficient that it encourages sensitivity testing with a large number of model runs. In this sense, the model is akin to an extension of analytical solutions to the domain of irregular geometry and bottom topography where this parameter space can be explored in some detail.In particular, the consequences of the sigma coordinate system used by the model are explored. Test cases using an idealized representation of the continental shelf, shelf break and shelf slope, lead to an estimation of the velocity errors caused by interpolation errors inherent in the sigma coordinate system. On the basis of these estimates, the computational grid used in the 2D model is found to have inadequate resolution. Thus a new grid is generated with increased accuracy in the region of the shelf break. However, even with increased resolution, spurious baroclinic circulation seaward of the shelf break and in the vicinity of Juan de Fuca canyon remained a significant problem when the pressure gradient terms were evaluated using the σ coordinate system and using a realistic density profile.With the new grid, diagnostic calculations of the barotropic and baroclinic residual circulation are performed using forcing from the observed σ_t (density) field and from the gradient of this field.