听哲学家讲授成功的秘诀

相信自己是一只雄鹰 一个人在高山之巅的鹰巢里抓到一只幼鹰,他把幼鹰带回家养在鸡笼里.这只幼鹰和鸡一起啄食、嬉闹和休息.它以为自己是一只鸡.     

Factors influencing the propensity to cycle to work

This paper describes the development of a mode choice model for the journey to work with special emphasis on the propensity to cycle. The model combines Revealed Preference (RP) and Stated Preference (SP) data to form a very large and comprehensive model. RP data from the National Travel Survey was combined with a specially commissioned RP survey. A number of SP surveys were also undertaken to examine the effects of different types of en-route and trip end cycle facilities and financial measures to encourage cycling.The development of the model is described in detail. The model was used to forecast trends in urban commuting shares over time and to predict the impacts of different measures to encourage cycling. Of the en-route cycle facilities, a completely segregated cycleway was forecast to have the greatest impact, but even the unfeasible scenario of universal provision of such facilities would only result in a 55% increase in cycling and a slight reduction in car commuting. Payments for cycling to work were found to be highly effective with a £2 daily payment almost doubling the level of cycling. The most effective policy would combine improvements in en-route facilities, a daily payment to cycle to work and comprehensive trip end facilities and this would also have a significant impact on car commuting.     

将弯管敷设变更为弹性敷设的情况分析

根据输油工况和管线沿途的地质、土壤等状况,广泛采用管材多极变壁厚进行管线敷设,管线敷设还尽可能采用弹性敷设和冷弯弯管敷设,以便减少固定墩的数量。为保证焊接质量和管材强度,在管线上允许加装30°、45°、60°曲率半径大于5DN的3种热煨弯头与冷弯管（曲率半径=40DN）相配合,以适应管线走向所需要的转角。文中分析了3种敷设,选出最佳的敷设方案以降低成本。     

如何提高汽车耐用性

走合期合理使用 首先,购进新车后,一定要根据新车走合期的特点来合理使用.新车走合期有什么特点呢?第一,机件磨损快.汽车出厂前虽然按规定进行了磨合处理,但机件表面仍然较粗糙,加之新零配件间有较多的金属粒脱落,使磨损加剧.第二,故障多.     

如何利用软件提高管架设计的效率

叙述了如何利用计算机软件实现化工管道支架材料的自动统计和材料表的自动输出,以提高管架设计的效率。     

治超切忌"本末倒置"

偶尔翻翻报纸,看到不少各地有关去年治超成绩的通报,大凡是检查了多少超载车辆,卸载了多少吨超载货物,罚款累计多少元,超载率下降了多少.     

Alterations to the transyt-7F model to represent near-side transit stops

Transit vehicles stopping to load/unload passengers on-line at a signalized intersection can obstruct the flow of other vehicles. The TRANSYT model ignores the delay to other traffic caused by this loading/unloading process. This can cause TRANSYT to use incorrect flow profiles, resulting in signal timings that cater to these profiles rather than the actual ones. This paper describes a new model for representing near-side transit stops in lanes shared by public transit and private vehicles, and its implementation into the TRANSYT-7F program. The results of an initial application of the proposed model are also described. The proposed model, which is a deterministic simulation model, is able to represent the effect of near-side transit stops on the other traffic; this representation covers both total and partial blockage of the approaches during the transit loading. The procedure has been incorporated into the TRANSYT-7F program. This allows appropriate representation of the adverse effects of transit loading on-line during a green phase. It thus encourages the TRANSYT optimizer to push transit loading to the red phases.     

Trip chaining as a barrier to the propensity to use public transport

Trip chaining is a growing phenomenon in travel and activity behaviour. Individuals increasingly seek out opportunities to minimise the amount of travel required as part of activity fulfilment, given the competing demands on time budgets and their valuation of travel time savings. This search for ways of fulfilling (more) activities with less travel input has produced a number of responses, one of which is trip chaining. A particularly important policy implication of trip chaining is the potential barrier it creates in attracting car users to switch to public transport. This paper seeks to improve our understanding of trip chaining as a barrier to public transport use. A series of discrete choice models are estimated to identify the role that socio-economic and demographic characteristics of households have on the propensity to undertake trip chains of varying degrees of simplicity/complexity that involve use of the car or public transport with an embedded commuting or non-commuting primary purpose. Multinomial logit, nested logit and random parameter logit models are developed and contrasted to establish the gains in relaxing the strict conditions of the multinomial logit model.     

On the dual approach to the traffic assignment problem

This paper attempts to explore the possibility of solving the traffic assignment problem with elastic demands by way of its dual problem. It is shown that the dual problem can be formulated as a nonsmooth convex optimization problem of which the objective function values and subgradients are conveniently calculated by solving shortest path problems associated with the transportation network. A subgradient algorithm to solve the dual problem is presented and limited computational experience is reported. The computational results are encouraging enough to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed approach.     

Zambia,the TAZARA and the alternative outlets to the sea

Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate.     

Solutions to the optimal network design problem with shipments related to transportation cost

Two versions of an optimal network design problem with shipments proportional to transportation costs are formulated. Extensions of an algorithm developed in prior research for solving these problems are proposed and tested. The performance of the algorithms is found to improve substantially as the dependence of shipments on costs is increased. Moreover, the optimal solutions obtained are unexpectedly robust with respect to a wide range of transportation cost assumptions. These findings could have important computational and policy implications if applicable to larger networks.     

保证明挖隧道防水效果应注意的几个问题

隧道渗漏往往带来结构损坏、设备腐蚀、影响外观和危害运营安全,甚至造成地面建筑物的不均匀沉降,因此保证明挖隧道的防水效果非常重要。文章从施工实践中总结出了保证明挖隧道防水效果应注意的几个问题,对类似工程具有借鉴作用。     

Using nonparametrics to specify a model to measure the value of travel time

Using a range of nonparametric methods, the paper examines the specification of a model to evaluate the willingness-to-pay (WTP) for travel time changes from binomial choice data from a simple time–cost trading experiment. The analysis favours a model with random WTP as the only source of randomness over a model with fixed WTP which is linear in time and cost and has an additive random error term. Results further indicate that the distribution of log WTP can be described as a sum of a linear index fixing the location of the log WTP distribution and an independent random variable representing unobserved heterogeneity. This formulation is useful for parametric modelling. The index indicates that the WTP varies systematically with income and other individual characteristics. The WTP varies also with the time difference presented in the experiment which is in contradiction of standard utility theory.     

“一城一交”模式成标杆

前不久．交通运输部党组成员、副部长、部深入学习实践科学发展观活动领导小组成员高宏峰．率调研组到北京、福州、厦门、长沙等地就深化中心城市交通行政管理体制改革进行了调研,并在长沙召开了11个中心城市交通主管部门同志参加的调研座谈会。     

从休闲产业说到游艺机

近年来,随着人民生活水平的提高,旅游和休闲娱乐开始提到议事日程上来.休闲亦称余暇,英文称Leisure,休闲产业是一项新兴产业,它是社会经济和人民生活水平不断发展和提高的必然结果.它是为了满足人们除工作、学习之外,调节人们的生活和心理状态的消费,它是集文化娱乐、康体健身、艺术博览、动植物观赏、饮食文化、休闲度假、旅游观光等于一体的产业.     

深圳地铁竹侨区间新增竖井马头门开裂治理技术

深圳地铁-期工程竹侨区间新增竖井,在正线马头门下台阶施工中,由于所处围岩富水、软弱,遇水成流塑状,造成马头门开裂下沉,上台阶已作好的8 m初期支护也随之开裂下沉.文章分析了马头门开裂的原因,介绍了施工中采取的应急措施.     

面向提升旅客体验的候机楼排队时间预测

旅客在机场的体验是影响机场服务质量的重要指标,随着越来越先进IT技术的应用,机场服务效率带来了很大提升,旅客对个性化信息的需求变得更加强烈。根据ACI旅客满意度调查,排队等待问题一直是影响许多机场提升用户体验的一大短板,排队时旅客由于无法及时获得排队信息而产生焦躁、紧张等不满情绪。因此本文提出了一种基于智能化机场服务的实时排队等待时间提示系统,其中核心是进行等待时间的预测,为旅客提供实时排队信息。本文采用排队论模型,模型与传感技术相结合预估机场各个流程的排队等待时间,对提高旅客满意度有重要意义。