对中国商船预防和应对索马里海盗的相关思考

综合分析一些国家政府和国际组织针对索马里海盗问题采取的一系列措施和建议,以及中国航运界目前应对索马里海盗的状况,对于制定中国商船预防和应对索马里水域海盗袭击指南中提出应考虑的事项。     

船舶间的协议避碰

当船舶双方存在特殊的碰撞危险时,往往通过达成临时的避碰协议,确保船舶安全避让。由于协议避碰大量存在,建议认真探讨避碰协议的法律性质、取证方法和注意事项,尽快明确避碰协议的法律地位。     

同一水域两起船舶碰撞事故引发的思考

广州港沙角水域发生了两起大型拖带船组碰撞锚泊船的事故，其发生的时间、地点、性质有惊人的相似之处，本文从两起事故的共同点出发进行了详尽的原因分析，并提出了在狭窄水道进行大型拖航时应采取的安全措施。     

关于山区水域船舶风灾事故的防范

山区水域气候多变且易发突风，对内河小型船舶安全构成严重的威胁。笔者通过对几起船舶风灾事故成因进行分析，就如何提高船舶抗突风能力，增加船舶倾覆不沉能力提出了见解。     

Is Somali piracy a random phenomenon?

This paper investigates whether Somali piracy is a random phenomenon. The investigation takes place in two distinct parts. Its statistical analysis spans over a period of 11 years, from 2000 until 2011 for the first part (flags), and 5 years, from 2007 until 2011 for the second one (crews). The reason is that although prior to 2007 there have been a substantial number of attacks (parameter used in the first part of the research), very few ships were practically pirated (parameter used in the second part) within the same period. Firstly, it is widely believed that Somali pirates select their targets at random and the decision on attacking a vessel registered under a particular flag is unrelated to the participation of the flag state in any of the naval forces operating around the Horn of Africa. The enquiry attempts to assess whether these two common beliefs are supported by historical data and to what extent. Secondly, this paper asks whether there are certain nationalities of crews which are for ethnic and/or cultural reasons more (or less) vulnerable to fall victims of pirates off Somalia. Such groups (if there are any) would in effect indirectly ‘support’ Somali piracy, and for this reason, they could be considered as ‘passively supportive crews’. The analysis focuses on the crew composition of the attacked vessels with special interest cast upon those ships (meaning the crews) which eventually succumbed to Somali pirates and were in the end seajacked.     

Some unsettling maritime terms: the interpretation of found, cargo, ballast and voyage

This paper examines the meaning of four common maritime and admiralty terms: found, cargo, ballast and voyage . These terms are problematic because their definitions are elastic which makes application of the terms difficult. The four terms are important because significant legal consequences are attached to each of them, particularly for seamen on flags of convenience (FOC) and crews of convenience (COC) vessels in US ports. The findings of the author are based on personal experience as well as research conducted in preparation as an expert witness in several maritime cases in both the US District Courts and in Louisiana State Courts, personal interviews with seamen on FOC/COC vessels, interviews with legal and economic experts on the international maritime industry and officials of national and international labour organizations.     

科考船的空调系统设计

以“向阳红10”号海洋综合科学考察船（简称“科考船”）为例,介绍了科考船空调系统的设计要点。为了提高舒适性和经济性,在空调系统配置、空调通风管系及设备减振降噪方面采取了相应的措施,对空调系统的整体效果产生积极的影响,为科考船空调系统的设计提供一定的参考价值。     

Maritime security guidelines: a study of Swedish ports’ perceived barriers to compliance

ABSTRACT

Due to the constant risk of piracy and terrorist attacks which cause disturbances within international shipping of goods, barriers to the adoption of maritime security guidelines (MSGs) at European ports have become prevalent. In this paper, a conceptual framework was created to explore the perceived barriers that prevent compliance with MSGs. To verify the conceptual framework, empirical data were collected using a mixed-methods approach, which was comprised of interviews with national experts and a survey of 47% of Swedish ports involved in the shipping of goods. According to the presented framework, the perceived barriers of Swedish ports to compliance with MSGs were linked to collaborations within the Swedish Maritime Security stakeholder network, available resources and educational knowledge about security culture. In addition, the perceived barriers of smaller ports were linked to the adaptation to MSGs at different levels and the absence of specific tools of maritime security management. Due to an increased interest in international shipping of goods, this paper is currently one of few that addresses the barriers to compliance with MSGs. Moreover, the paper presents a general conceptual framework, novel managerial implications and recommendations for future research.     

渔船稳性研究

稳性是保证渔船安全的重要性能，本文讨论了世界主要稳性规范对渔船的要求，并结合对多艘国产渔船稳性校核结果，对渔船的稳性提出了一些看法。同时，用时域分析方法研究了气象衡准。     

液化气船的安全隐患与预防措施

列举了正在营运的液化气船存在的主要安全隐患,并针对这些隐患提出了相应的预防措施,为液化气船的     

Piracy, navies and the law of the Sea: the case of Somalia

This contribution concentrates on the legal aspects of piracy and tries to explain some of the practical problems which modern navies experience in their fight against piracy and maritime violence off Somalia. The UN Law of the Sea Convention of 1982 provides a traditional though largely deficient set of rules for control and counter measures. Modern legal instruments such as the SUA Convention of 1988 as amended, recent resolutions of the UN Security Council and regional treaties try to fill the loopholes. Against this background the paper discusses e. g. the law of boarding and investigation of suspicious vessels, the arrest and penal prosecution of criminals and the right of self-defence in case of an imminent attack. The international mandates and the national rules of engagement in which the navies operate reflect these ambiguities that result in a loss of momentum. After all piracy is not an act of war, but a crime. In conclusion apolitical solution on land is indispensable as the navies and coast guards can only fight the symptoms and not the causes of crime and unrest in a failed State.     

基于CATIA二次开发的水下平台静水力计算

水下平台静力计算包含初稳性计算、潜浮稳性计算、大倾角稳性计算、重量重心统计等,传统潜艇、潜器等水下平台的静力计算具有计算过程繁琐、耗时长、效率低、数据不易更新等问题,导致设计人员大量重复性劳动。本文通过对CATIA软件进行二次开发,在水下平台三维建模基础上,编制静水力和重量重心计算程序,可直接计算、获取静水力要素并实现重量重心的自动统计,达到计算的自动化、程序化和数据的及时更新,提升设计手段,对潜艇、潜器等水下平台设计中控制浮态、稳态具有重要作用,工程应用价值较高。     

大型集装箱船船体结构设计制造探讨

介绍了大型集装箱船的发展历程和当前的市场状况,分析了大型集装箱与常规船型相比较的差异和特点,并对结构设计和制造难点进行探讨,为船厂开发大型集装箱船提供了一些建议。     

Replacement of very large and ultra large crude carriers

The technical and economic conditions of World War II that led to the building of Liberty vessels and compared with those that led to the building of the present very large and ultralarge crude carries (VLCCs and ULCCs) for the purpose of revealing similarities that could indicate when a massive replacement of the existing large tankers is to be expected. The Liberties were replaced within a relatively short time by ships of twice their efficiency and in a situation where transport demand was growing and insurance premiums for old vessels greatly increased. International rules and regulations played on great role. The development of tankers has not produced ships that from an economical point of view are markedly better than previously existing vessels; the demand for tankers has not increased during the last 15 years; the insurance coasts of existing tankers have increased only moderately; and the introduction of new international and national rules for tanker design have made it worthwhile to conserve existing vessels. Although there is a similarity in age distribution between the Liberties and the VLCCs and ULCCs, the situation of the two categories of vessel is otherwise so different that a demand for a VLCC and ULCC replacement of the same magnitude as was experienced for the Liberties cannot be expected.     

海军舰船电子装备维修保障研究

装备的综合保障能力已成为制约武器装备战斗力形成、保持和提高的关键性因素，其在军队装备建设和未来战争中的地位及作用越来越重要。分析当前我军舰船电子装备维修保障的现状及存在的问题，就如何提高舰船电子装备维修保障水平提出一些建议和方法。     

对海上非法砂石船有效监管问题的思考

近年来,渤海湾海上交通安全形势严峻,海上非法采砂船、砂石运输船险情频发,船沉人亡事故时有发生。文中通过对渤海湾砂石船事故原因的分析,并结合海事监管工作实际,对非法采砂船、砂石运输船的长效监管问题提出了看法和相关建议。     

利用外资进行船舶贸易的风险及其防范

分析企业在进行船舶贸易时所面临的各种风险,重点分析出口信贷风险的构成,指出为避免风险而应该采取的措施,以实例说明采取恰当的贸易形式的重要性。     

DDoS攻击防御体系研究

分布式拒绝服务（DDOS）攻击是一种十分有效的网络攻击手段,被誉为黑客的“终极武器”。由于它的攻击具有突发性、攻击主机分布很广等特点,对它的防御显得尤为困难。首先综合分析DDOS攻击的特点,然后提出对DDOS攻击的防护体系。     

深潜水工作母船电气设计

简要介绍深潜水工作母船电气专业设计特点,包括电力系统、通信导航系统以及动力定位系统。针对深潜水工作母船定位准确及冗余能力要求高的特点,提出了一系列满足DP-2的优化方案,最大可能为水下工程作业提供保障支持,在满足规范要求的同时,也满足了船东的要求。     

Kuwaiti tanker reflagging_a confluence of foreign and maritme politime policies

In 1987, the government of Kuwait requested permission of the US government to reflag 11 of its tankers to the American flag for the purpose of gaining protection from Iranian attacks. The US government agreed, citing overall strategic and political considerations. As part of the reflagging, waivers were granted to permit the vessels to operate without proper inspections and without licensed radio operators. Furthermore, the vesels employed only one US mariner each, th eecaptain, and though subsequent legislation closed the 'loophole' through which that occurred, anotherr waiver allowed the Kuwaitis to continue without hiring Americans. The maritime policy implications-and the juxtaposition of maritime and foreign policies-were of concern to members of Congress, who held hearings and introduced and passed legislation on the issue.