基于阻尼比的混合减震结构效果研究

运用SAP2000进行数值分析,对比了设置隔震支座、设置钢阻尼器以及两种装置混合设置在一起结构的消能效果,并对层间剪力、结构顶点位移曲线等参数进行对比分析。结果表明,混合消能减震结构具有很好的消能效果,比设置单一消能构件的结构具有更加优越的减震效果,可以使目标建筑结构的抗震性能得到显著提高。     

扁平曲线箱梁静动力特性分析

应用空间有限元方法，建立了考虑不同力学因素的扁平曲线箱梁分析模型；通过对不同曲率半径的扁平曲线箱梁桥的静动力特性进行计算分析，明确了结构主要部位的活载支承反力、变位和内力随曲率半径的变化规律；得出了弯曲、翘曲、畸变和剪力滞等应力成分的变化规律和分布特点；分析了曲率半径、翘曲、畸变、剪力滞后和剪心形心不重合等效应对结构自振特性的影响。对移动荷载车列作用下结构空间弯扭耦合振动特性进行研究，得出了位移动力系数及截面应力冲击系数的分布特点。结果表明，位移动力系数随速度增大是幅值和周期都在增大的似半正弦波曲线．并且其随半径增大而逐渐减小。     

铅芯橡胶支座在高烈度山区简支梁桥中的减隔震研究

高烈度山区简支梁桥的减隔震设计不可忽视。采用铅芯橡胶支座作为减隔震支座,主要研究了该减隔震支座对桥梁结构的周期、墩顶与主梁之间的位移差、墩底以及墩顶的剪力和弯矩的影响。得出的结论是：铅芯橡胶支座可以延长桥梁结构的周期,降低结构的刚度;同时可以大大减小桥墩墩顶、墩底的弯矩和剪力值,但墩顶与主梁的位移差会增大。     

高墩大跨桥梁多自由度拟动力试验设计分析及试验验证

为改善高墩等质量连续分布体系单自由度拟动力试验的精度,以牛栏江大桥为例对该类结构的多自由度拟动力试验进行研究,并对加载模型进行合理减化。通过多自由度结构动力反应分析理论、高柔结构地震反应数值计算及桥梁简化模型的振动台试验,分析高阶振型对高墩大跨桥梁地震反应的影响。结果表明:对于高柔结构,采用等效单自由度体系的拟动力试验的位移结果是准确的;高阶振型对高墩大跨桥梁等高柔结构地震反应的基底剪力和基底弯矩影响较大,影响程度与地震波的频谱特性有关;在特定地震动作用下,2阶振型会对高柔结构的基底弯矩和基底剪力起主要贡献,故百米级高墩的拟动力试验等效为2自由度体系进行加载是合适的,若采用等效单自由度体系进行试验,应变及试验现象可能与实际不符。     

减隔震梁式桥抗震分析的单振型反应谱法修正方法

普通非隔震桥梁中,支座刚度大,主梁对下部结构有较大的约束作用,采用单振型反应谱法计算结构内力,精度较高。而减隔震桥梁中,支座等效刚度较小,上下部结构联系弱,振动分离,采用单振型反应谱法计算结构内力,误差较大。为了提高采用简化算法计算一般减隔震梁式桥结构内力的精度,根据此类桥梁前2阶振型的振动特性及作用效应,提出并研究基于单自由度模型的单振型反应谱法修正方法,并通过与具体算例的多模态反应谱法的计算结果进行对比分析,对单振型反应谱法修正方法在减隔震梁式桥抗震分析中的计算精度和适用范围进行研究。研究结果表明:对于一般减隔震梁式桥,采用单振型反应谱法计算时,基本周期、梁体位移、支座位移的计算精度较高,但墩底剪力、墩底弯矩的计算精度严重偏低;采用单振型反应谱法修正方法计算时,可大幅提高墩底剪力、墩底弯矩的计算精度。     

非经典阻尼对减隔震连续梁桥地震响应的影响

以组合使用板式橡胶支座与黏滞阻尼器的减隔震连续梁桥为例,采用先强迫解耦再进行模态时程分析的方法,对减隔震装置的不同布设位置和等效阻尼系数取值进行参数敏感性分析。结果表明：减隔震装置产生的集中阻尼改变了结构整体阻尼的分布特性,减隔震装置的布设位置和耗能能力分布越不均匀,结构的非经典阻尼特性越明显;随着减隔震装置等效阻尼系数增加,结构各阶振型模态阻尼比也随之增大,非经典阻尼对结构地震响应的影响也越来越大;可近似解耦范围与桥梁结构形式、等效阻尼系数取值有关。     

强震作用下LRB规则连续梁桥简化设计方法研究

基于等效线性方法及等效塑性铰理论,根据铅芯橡胶支座(LRB)规则连续梁桥的动力特性以及强震作用下隔震支座和桥墩非线性特征将规则连续梁桥结构简化为单自由度体系,并对于体系的等效刚度及等效阻尼比进行了估计.选取主梁位移及桥墩墩顶位移作为目标位移,利用修正的长周期高阻尼位移反应谱进行了基于位移的桥梁抗震设计.最后给出了设计实例,设计结果与采用SAP2000计算的弹塑性时程分析结果比较满足工程精度要求.适用于具有不同性能水平下的规则型LRB隔震桥梁的初步分析和设计,可以为强震作用下LRB隔震桥梁地震反应分析提供参考.     

不同约束体系对双层曲线梁桥地震响应的影响

双层曲线梁桥可以在较短距离内实现较大的爬高,由于特殊的结构形式使其地震响应有别于规则桥梁,而支座和限位装置组成的约束体系是影响桥梁结构地震响应的关键。为得到双层曲线梁桥的合理约束体系,基于一座双层曲线梁桥建立有限元模型,进行地震作用下的动力分析,对比球型钢支座、板式橡胶支座和盆式支座的位移和桥墩截面曲率,并将剪力销作为双层曲线梁桥的限位装置,研究剪力销与不同支座组成的约束体系对双层曲线梁桥结构地震响应的影响。结果表明:在地震作用下,双层曲线梁桥的上层支座位移普遍大于下层,双层约束体系使得桥墩中部的截面曲率和延性要比墩顶和墩底的小;球型钢支座的支座位移较小,传递到桥墩的地震力较大,设置剪力销后支座位移减小,桥墩损伤未发生明显变化;板式橡胶支座的支座位移较大,在地震动强度较小时就发生滑动,支座滑移可耗散能量使桥墩的损伤程度降低,但与剪力销组合后支座位移受到限制,传递到桥墩的地震力成倍增加,桥墩损伤最为严重;盆式支座的支座位移较小且上下层位移值最为接近,传递到桥墩的地震力较为均匀,在一定程度上保护了桥墩,考虑剪力销后,支座变形减小到允许范围之内,桥墩损伤略有增加。因此,本研究认为盆式支座与剪力销的组合是该双层曲线梁桥的合理约束体系。     

大跨连续刚构桥桥墩抗震性能分析研究

以陕西省五里坡特大桥为例,探讨了大跨连续刚构桥中设置阻尼器和隔震铅芯橡胶支座的减震方案.分别计算了是否设置阻尼器和隔震铅芯橡胶支座的两个桥式,比较了在大震作用下墩柱的弯矩、剪力、位移变化的情况.结果显示若设置了阻尼器和隔震铅芯橡胶支座,墩柱弯矩幅值在强震中下降幅度较大,剪力和位移的幅值也得到了下降.     

单振型反应谱法修正方法的桥墩质量换算系数研究

在减隔震桥梁计算中,采用单振型反应谱法修正方法计算时,结构位移和墩底剪力的计算精度较高,但桥墩间添加横系梁后,结构横桥向墩底剪力的计算精度有所降低。为进一步完善单振型反应谱法修正方法,减小横桥向第2阶振型下的桥墩换算质量的计算误差,对桥墩质量换算系数的双折线法、直接积分法、系数法进行对比研究。结果表明,根据文中给出的最佳桥墩质量换算系数值,运用系数法计算时,结构顺、横桥向的第2阶周期、支座位移、盖梁顶位移的计算精度较高,横桥向第2阶振型下的桥墩换算质量的计算误差进一步减小,墩底剪力的计算精度有所提高,单振型反应谱法修正方法更加简便。     

Modelling and validation of electromechanical shock absorbers

Electromechanical vehicle suspension systems represent a promising substitute to conventional hydraulic solutions. However, the design of electromechanical devices that are able to supply high damping forces without exceeding geometric dimension and mass constraints is a difficult task. All these challenges meet in off-road vehicle suspension systems, where the power density of the dampers is a crucial parameter. In this context, the present paper outlines a particular shock absorber configuration where a suitable electric machine and a transmission mechanism are utilised to meet off-road vehicle requirements. A dynamic model is used to represent the device. Subsequently, experimental tests are performed on an actual prototype to verify the functionality of the damper and validate the proposed model.     

Design of electromagnetic shock absorbers for automotive suspensions

Electromechanical dampers seem to be a valid alternative to conventional shock absorbers for automotive suspensions. They are based on linear or rotative electric motors. If they are of the DC-brushless type, the shock absorber can be devised by shunting its electric terminals with a resistive load. The damping force can be modified by acting on the added resistance. To supply the required damping force without exceeding in size and weight, a mechanical or hydraulic system that amplifies the speed is required. This paper illustrates the modelling and design of such electromechanical shock absorbers. This paper is devoted to describe an integrated design procedure of the electrical and mechanical parameters with the objective of optimising the device performance. The application to a C class front suspension car has shown promising results in terms of size, weight and performance.     

自动变速器换挡冲击故障诊断

本对装有自动变速器的汽车在使用过程中产生换挡冲击的原因进行了较为全面的分析，介绍了故障的排除方法。     

德尔福的新一代MagneRide磁流变阻尼可调减振器

德尔福正准备推出其MagneRide品牌之磁流变(MR)减振技术的下一代产品,OEM重点将从北美拓展到欧洲市场,意在为新车配套.     

Influence of shock absorber wearing on vehicle brake performance

In order to safely maintain a vehicle, it is necessary to verify the most important systems that affect safety during Periodic Motor Vehicle Inspections (PMVIs). In a previous paper, a test method and validation criteria were suggested by the authors to verify shock absorber status during PMVIs, as they are a fundamental component that may wear out during a vehicle’s life. In this paper, variations of the performance of the vehicle’s brakes resulting from shock absorber wearing have been analyzed, in order to confirm whether the suggested criteria is valid for taking into account longitudinal forces and pitch movement on the vehicle. A simulation-based study was conducted with several configurations of a worn damper on a vehicle driving on two virtual roads: smooth and undulating. The results confirmed that the damping coefficient established as an acceptable value to verify the shock absorber status in PMVIs is also valid considering the forces involved in a braking maneuver.     

汽车磁流变减振器神经网络模型研究

提出了用3个输入单元、1个输出单元和7个隐含单元的神经网络来摸拟汽车磁流变减振器的动力学特性,采用实验室测试得到的数据和基于高斯—牛顿法的改进算法对神经网络的连接权值进行优化。神经网络预测结果与试验测试结果比较表明:提出的神经网络模型能够比较准确地预测磁流变减振器的动力学特性。     

Hybrid neural network model for history-dependent automotive shock absorbers

The method of numerical multi-body simulation is an often used and well-understood development tool in the automotive industry. In order to reproduce the ride comfort or handling behaviour of vehicles, mathematical models have to be built up. To achieve accurate simulation results, highly detailed component models are required. However, the formulation of appropriate physically-based model equations of complex automotive components (e.g. air springs, shock absorbers, rubber bearings, tyres, etc.) can be very difficult. To handle this, empirical modelling methods have been developed. Simple algebraic equations are used to describe complex system behaviour. This simplification is very effective, although it largely ignores the natural laws of mechanics and thermodynamics but is still capable to predict the component response. This article illustrates how to take advantage of this approach in numerical simulations. We describe the development of a hybrid automotive shock absorber model based on both spline and neural network (NN) approaches. By combining these different approaches, an accurate model is achieved without loss of variability. Non-isothermal laboratory force-displacement measurements of an automotive shock absorber are being used to estimate the parameters of the NN. As shown, the model replicates the measured data with sufficient accuracy, especially the hysteresis. Finally, we present a set of quarter-car simulations with a built-in hybrid NN shock absorber.     

汽车减振器阀片挠度计算模型研究

为了寻找一种较简单的减振器阀片挠度计算方法,这里使用有限元法分别对复原阀与压缩阀片进行多次计算,得出了阀片压力对应的变形挠度值,并使用多项式拟合的方法得出了阀片挠度与压差的关系式,该法可以直接应用于各类液压减振器性能仿真模型中.简化的了计算过程,提高了精度.     

Efficient empirical modelling of a high-performance shock absorber for vehicle dynamics studies

This paper develops an intuitive empirical nonlinear dynamic shock absorber model for simulation studies. Unlike other existing dynamic shock absorber models, it does not suffer from the complexity of modelling complex physical behaviour, or the inefficiencies of unstructured black-box modelling. The model consists of an algebraic backbone, which is a function of velocity alone, and a nonlinear low-pass filter, which has been designed based on the observation that the damper can respond more quickly at higher velocities. Due to the simplicity of the model, it can be fitted with data and evaluated quickly. The model was fitted using shock dynamometer test data using a random shock position command. The completed model is then validated using random, sine wave, and bump test data. This analysis shows the strengths and weaknesses of the model and suggests areas for future development.