内河货船船底结构过渡的型式分析

文章结合广西内河货船特点,分析船舶由双层底向艏艉部单层底过渡的结构型式,在规范未作明确要求的情况下,探讨使船舶建造相关方接受的处理办法。     

Estimating the environmental costs of port related emissions: The case of Kaohsiung

This study estimates the emission costs of ships and trucks in the Port of Kaohsiung, Taiwan, focusing mainly on particular matter and volatile organic compounds. By calculating annual ship and truck emissions we find that the major contributors are tankers, container ships and bulk ships and trucks. Using a bottom-up methodology, the combined environmental costs of ships and trucks are estimated to be over $123 million per year.     

How do economies of density in container handling operations affect ships’ time and emissions in port? Evidence from Norwegian container terminals

Efficient port services are prerequisites for competitive and sustainable maritime transports. This paper makes advances in studying the determinants of the time that ships spend in port and the associated emissions to air. We estimate a production model for cargo handling based on a unique dataset containing each port of call at the largest container terminals in Norway in 2014. In turn, we use auxiliary engine emission factors to estimate particulate matter and nitrogen oxide emissions from ships at berth, to determine how the corresponding damage costs of air pollution vary with container throughput, location, and terminal investments. We find that Norwegian container terminals operate under increasing returns to density. Small ships that unload few containers are far from reaping economies of density, leading to high marginal time requirements for container handling and consequently high marginal external costs. From a Pigouvian taxation perspective, port charges should therefore be regressive in the number of containers handled. Moreover, we find that the external costs of maritime transports are severely understated when port operations are ignored. Our model allows determining the marginal productivities of port facilities. Thereby, it is instrumental in designing port charges that are diversified according to the quantity of containers handled and the service quality (i.e., the speed of handling operations). Regarding contextual factors, we find that establishing high-frequent liner services improves the ship working rate, while simultaneous calls at a terminal impede productivity. The type of container (loading/unloading; empty/laden) also appears to influence the duration of ship working.     

对山区河流船舶搜救的思考

山区河流的航行条件相对恶劣,如发生船舶失事事故,难以开展有效的搜救及协调工作。文章针对山区河流特点和船舶失事特点,分析了山区河流流域船舶航行的安全隐患,并从多方面探讨了加强山区河流船舶搜救工作的措施。     

The “Mirror Flags”: Ship registration in globalised ship breaking industry

The incorporation of new international regulations is a rational way to avoid the use of substandard Asian ship-breaking yards. However, more restrictive regulations and agreements could lead to increase the proliferation of the use of third countries in connection with ship recycling industry. The new Open Registries provides ship-owners with legal loopholes in order to avoid strict national legislations and international rules, thus the “genuine link” disappears and the ship-owner’s responsibilities relax. Ship-breaking industry is a complex interconnected system with many important key actors, such as shipping companies, ship-owners, ship registries, brokers, and ship-breaking yards, all of which are discussed in this paper under the vision of a new global ship recycling policy, and focusing in those cases when a ship changes its flag state registration just before scrapping. This paper analyses the most common flags selected in order to send ships for scrapping. Empirical investigation to determine the relation between States and ship-breaking industry has been carried out using the multivariate statistic technic known as “Simple correspondence analysis”. The results show a relation between ship registry selection and ships that are about to end their lives, re-flagging solely for the purpose of scrapping. If we observe the evolution of the different flag states at the end of the ship’s life, we find incremented use of new open registers or “Mirror Flags”. General abuse of new registries in ship-breaking industry would lead to a ship-breaking industry without rules or transparent procedures, which could violate labour and environmental standards.     

广西右江鱼梁航运枢纽工程坝址方案比选

文章从地质地形条件、工程布置、施工组织及航道整治等方面入手,综合对比分析了广西右江鱼梁航运枢纽工程上、中、下坝址方案。结果表明,中坝址方案具有良好的技术经济性。     

基于节能环保理念的公路设计方法探讨

随着近些年来公路建设的大力推进,交通运输行业得到了空前巨大的发展,但是伴随着这种发展,一些环境问题也在逐步的凸显,如生态破坏、大气污染、以及水污染等,环境问题日益严重。在当前国家大力倡导环保节能的背景下,整个社会对于节能环保问题越来越重视,因此在进行公路设计时,如何将节能环保理念进行融会贯通是现阶段所需要重视的一个问题。