郑州砂性地层盾构穿越电力隧道数值计算分析

文章针对郑州地铁盾构法隧道近距离叠交穿越电力隧道的施工工况,应用ABAQUS软件对地铁隧道穿越电力隧道施工进行数值模拟,研究分析了郑州砂性地层盾构施工引起的地表以及电力隧道的沉降规律。计算结果表明,地表沉降最大值位于两隧道中心,约12 mm;电力隧道最大沉降值位于盾构隧道与电力隧道交点处,最大值约15 mm,在规范要求沉降范围内。基于研究成果,采取针对性施工措施后,地表沉降与电力隧道的沉降得到了有效控制,确保了电力隧道的安全。     

公路隧道的百科全书

近二十多年来,我国公路隧道建设得到了迅速发展,隧道建设长度、断面形式和处理方法日益丰富,从事公路隧道建设的人员也越来越多。相继推出的《公路隧道通风照明设计规范》、《公路隧道设计规范》、《公路隧道交通工程设计规范》、《公路隧道设计细则》等行业规范,对推进我国公路隧道建设技术进步,规范和指导其设计行为起到了重要作用。目前,公路隧道技术已自成体系,全面修订或新编了隧道设计施工规范,但是,许多公路隧道建设技术人员仍感觉在工作     

立体多洞群隧道的设计及力学分析

南京红山南路下穿红山动物园段为浅埋立体多洞群隧道,隧道全长150m,包括双向四车道的机动车隧道、管廊隧道和非机动车隧道,形成了连拱隧道、小净距隧道和上下重叠隧道的立体多洞群关系.隧道所处地层的岩性强度差异较大,局部见溶洞,地质条件较为复杂文章主要介绍了立体洞群隧道的衬砌结构设计、施工方法,以及相关的数值模拟分析.     

联网型隧道可变电光标志的应用分析

为了提高隧道通行的安全性与效率,文章对联网型隧道可变电光标志进行了应用分析,介绍了联网型隧道可变电光标志的主要组成,通过对现有技术的研究,探讨了联网型隧道可变电光标志在实时路况信息传递和隧道交通安全性等方面的优势,并论述了联网型隧道可变电光标志系统在隧道消防的应用方案,为隧道交通管理提供了新的思路。     

新建隧道近距离上穿既有隧道的力学分析及工程处理措施

与既有隧道相交且净距较近时,新建隧道施工破坏既有隧道结构,影响其运营安全的情况时有发生;同时也增加了新建隧道的施工难度和工程风险。文章依据深圳市丹平快速路猫公坝隧道近距离上穿越布吉供水隧洞、东部引水隧洞,三条隧道叠置的工程设计实例,运用有限差分数值计算软件FLAC~(3D)如进行三维模型数值分析,研究了新建隧道施工时既有隧道的变形及内力变化规律,提出了使既有隧道安全性得到保证的数量化指标,论述了猫公坝隧道修建过程中对既有隧道的影响和工程安全性;将数值分析结果与工程实例相结合,提出在地质条件容许的情况下,尽量避免爆破施工,如必须采用爆破施工,应严格控制既有隧道处的振动速度,采用分段微差爆破等一系列措施最大限度地降低爆破震动对既有隧道的影响;阐述了新建隧道与既有隧道之间中夹岩体的加固措施,拟定出了施工过程中既有隧道的监控量测方案,并提出了既有隧道安全一旦受到影响时的补救措施。     

采用先进技术和装备确保铁路隧道施工安全与质量

近年来,铁路隧道施工安全质量事故时有发生,造成了重大人员伤亡和经济损失.文章对铁路隧道发生事故的类型作了统计,归纳为岩溶隧道突水突泥、软弱围岩隧道塌方、隧道掌子面后方塌方、洞内火灾、洞内爆炸、隧道洞口边仰坡塌方,以及洞内机械设备安全事故等七种事故类型.并对隧道工程事故产生的主要原因作了比较详细的分析,提出了预防事故的措施,以及加强隧道施工安全和质量的技术管理.针对当前铁路隧道施工安全形势,建议做好隧道选线等前期规划工作、推进隧道风险管理、提高隧道机械化施工水平和健全中国隧道修建技术体系等方面的工作.     

高原隧道长距离施工通风方法研究

高原地区严寒缺氧气压低,环境恶劣,隧道建设中面临的高原长距离隧道施工通风问题属世界性技术难题。关角隧道为目前世界在建最长的高原隧道,也是我国目前最长的铁路隧道。结合关角隧道的施工建设,通过研究,采用斜井分隔方法很好地解决了这一难题。文章给出了隧道施工斜井中隔法通风方法和方案设计,以及现场测试效果,既保证了关角隧道的正常建设,又为修建高原长大隧道积累了经验。     

道路隧道盾构施工对既有地铁隧道的影响分析

以北京市展西路道路工程下穿地铁四号线为工程背景,研究了道路隧道盾构施工对既有地铁隧道的影响。建立了三维有限元模型,通过模拟盾构开挖过程,分析了既有隧道在未进行地层加固情况下的反应,确定了既有隧道的危险部位。研究表明,隧道施工对既有隧道的影响较大,需对地层进行加固以减小对隧道的影响;分析了不同的地层加固方案,并对隧道施工中可能出现的问题及解决方法提出了建议。     

复杂环境条件下浅埋近间距大直径盾构隧道施工的相互影响及控制

软土浅埋近间距大直径盾构隧道施工过程中先建隧道对后建隧道的受力和变形产生显著影响,而且在不同施工阶段,后建隧道对先建隧道的影响也不同。论文以上海某大直径盾构隧道为工程背景,采用数值模拟方法分析了隧道不同施工阶段后建隧道对先建隧道的影响,根据影响程度和影响规律建立相应的控制措施,并对控制措施进行了评价,提出了浅埋近间距大直径盾构隧道施工的相互影响规律及特殊环境条件下的控制措施。     

黄土隧道防排水施工技术

防水要求高是公路隧道特点之一,隧道防排水的成败影响其使用寿命及运营管理,黄延高速公路道南隧道是一座土质隧道,隧道所在区普遍有地下水,而且隧道路面位于地下水位之下.针对道南隧道的施工特点,阐述了防排水施工工艺.     

The Concept and Practice of Treatment for Damage in Railway Tunnel Linings Caused by High-pressure Karst Water北大核心CSCD

In recent years, railway tunnels in karst areas have frequently suffered flooding after high-intensity rainfall, which seriously affects the safety of tunnel operation and the order of transportation, and even interrupts the traffic. Based on the water hazard case in the Yuanbaoshan Tunnel on the Zhijin-Bijie Railway Line, this paper explores the causes of lining damage in terms of geology, rainfall, and the design and construction of water hazard sections, and puts forward the treatment technology for tunnel water hazards with the core concept of "making full use of existing structures and employing open drainage methods in key sections". Besides, this paper simulates and analyzes the formation of hazards and the treatment effect through numerical simulation. The results show that the subjective causes for the damage in tunnel linings include an insufficient understanding of the water-bearing formations at the geological investigation stage, the underestimation of water hazard risks posed by high-intensity rainfall during construction, and the unimproved waterproof and drainage system in the design alteration, while the objective reasons include the development of karst near the tunnel section that passes through the stratum, the strong connectivity of water conduits, and the high-intensity rainfall in a certain period of time on the tunnel site. As for the simulation results, they show that the increase of external water pressure caused by the sudden rise in groundwater level after rainstorm significantly increases the internal force of linings, and eventually leads to a much lower safety factor of sidewall linings and large scale damage, which is in consistency with the characteristics of the actual on-site damage. After on-site emergency treatment, the tunnel structure has become stable and even encountering unprecedentedly heavy rainfall twice, the tunnel has still remained in a good condition. Since then, no water hazards and other disasters have occurred, which proves that the treatment plan is valid. © 2022, Editorial Office of "Modern Tunnelling Technology". All right reserved.     

海底管道单项高风险因素分析

为了准确掌握海底管道在运行阶段面临的各种单项高风险因素,通过采用相应模型计算和OLGA模拟等方法,以某管道为例,得到了对管道安全影响较大的单项高风险因素为海底管道埋深、海床变化、析蜡可能性、水合物堵塞可能性、结垢、沥青质沉积、抛锚与拖网干扰等、腐蚀、悬跨影响等。文中给出了相应的风险减缓措施,为解决生产实践中海底管道存在的安全隐患提供了依据,预防海底管道事故的发生。     

Computational methodology to predict injury risk for motor vehicle crash victims: A framework for improving Advanced Automatic Crash Notification systems

Advanced Automatic Crash Notification (AACN) systems, capable of predicting post-crash injury severity and subsequent automatic transfer of injury assessment data to emergency medical services, may significantly improve the timeliness, appropriateness, and efficacy of care provided. The estimation of injury severity based on statistical field data, as incorporated in current AACN systems, lack specificity and accuracy to identify the risk of life-threatening conditions. To enhance the existing AACN framework, the goal of the current study was to develop a computational methodology to predict risk of injury in specific body regions based on specific characteristics of the crash, occupant and vehicle. The computational technique involved multibody models of the vehicle and the occupant to simulate the case-specific occupant dynamics and subsequently predict the injury risk using established physical metrics. To demonstrate the computational-based injury prediction methodology, three frontal crash cases involving adult drivers in passenger cars were extracted from the US National Automotive Sampling System Crashworthiness Data System. The representative vehicle model, anthropometrically scaled model of the occupant and kinematic information related to the crash cases, selected at different severities, were used for the blinded verification of injury risk estimations in five different body regions. When compared to existing statistical algorithms, the current computational methodology is a significant improvement toward post-crash injury prediction specifically tailored to individual attributes of the crash. Variations in the initial posture of the driver, analyzed as a pre-crash variable, were shown to have a significant effect on the injury risk.     

液压增压单井增注系统实验研究

对液压增压单井增注系统进行了室内实验研究,验证了液压增压单井增注系统的增压效果。结果表明：该系统运行平稳可靠,无需外接能源,注水管线来水经过此系统后直接增压,增压效果明显,有效地解决了油田增压注水的难题,尤其对于偏远注水井,效果更为显著。     

重型清障车吊臂和托臂的优化设计及应力分析

清障车是一种具有道路抢险作业装备,能够起吊和托起事故、违章或损坏车辆,并能快速离开事故现场的专用车辆。文章采用UG软件对吊臂模型处理,通过其自带软件NX NASTRAN对托臂总成进行有限元分析,根据实际作业工况对托臂总成进行约束与载荷施加,使托臂的强度分析更具有可信度。其结果为吊臂和托臂总成的设计及优化提供了参考依据。     

Microcor腐蚀监测技术及其应用

腐蚀监测可以在设备正常运行的情况下,测量各种工艺气液流状态的腐蚀性.为了全面认识油气管道腐蚀因素,制定防腐措施,介绍了Microcor腐蚀监测技术的工作原理、技术特点、监测步骤等.通过与挂片失重法、线性极化电阻法、电阻法等常用腐蚀监测技术的比较以及Microcor腐蚀监测现场应用实例,发现Microcor腐蚀监测具有灵敏度高、适用范围广、性能稳定、响应速度快、分辨率高等优点. Microcor腐蚀监测是腐蚀过程监测、腐蚀过程控制,特别是对缓蚀剂效应评价的理想测试技术.     

Recovery of inter- and intra-personal heterogeneity using mixed logit models

Most applications of discrete choice models in transportation now utilise a random coefficient specification, such as mixed logit, to represent taste heterogeneity. However, little is known about the ability of these models to capture the heterogeneity in finite samples (as opposed to asymptotically). Also, due to the computational intensity of the standard estimation procedures, several alternative, less demanding methods have been proposed, and yet the relative accuracy of these methods has not been investigated. This is especially true in the context of work looking at joint inter-respondent and intra-respondent variation. This paper presents an overview of the various different estimators, gives insights into some of the theoretical properties, and analyses their performance in a large scale study on simulated data. In particular, we specify 31 different forms of heterogeneity, with multiple versions of each dataset, and with results from over 16,000 mixed logit estimation runs. The findings suggest that variation in tastes over consumers is captured by all the methods, including the simpler versions, at least when sample size is sufficiently large. When tastes vary over choice situations for each consumer, as well as over consumers, the ability of the methods to capture and differentiate the two sources of heterogeneity becomes more tenuous. Only the most computationally intensive approach is able to capture adequately the two sources of variation, but at the cost of very high run times. Our results highlight the difficulty of retrieving taste heterogeneity with only cross-sectional data, providing further evidence of the benefits of repeated choice data. Our findings also suggest that the data requirements of random coefficients models may be more substantial than is commonly assumed, further reinforcing concerns about small sample issues.     

热油管道的程序设计

针对热油管道输送过程中的计算问题,应用计算机技术实现复杂计算,使用VB编程,用计算机实现热油管道的加热站数目、油输量、站间摩阻、泵站数等的计算.通过和实际数值的对比,编制的程序可以进行长输管道工艺计算,为以后相关软件的研制奠定了基础.     

分形理论在油气储运工程中的应用综述

介绍了分形理论的基本思想。综述了分形理论在油气储运工程中多个领域（如油气水多相流流型识别、管道腐蚀评定、管道粗糙表面的分形模拟、管道疲劳裂纹分形研究等方面）的应用和研究成果,并提出了需要深入研究和完善的5个方面。     

油气管道多轮内检测数据对齐算法研究及应用

由于多轮内检测外部不确定因素和误差的共同作用,多轮间里程数据存在一定差异,难以实现管道缺陷的对齐,人工开展内检测数据对齐的工作量巨大。文中针对管道多轮内检测数据对齐算法展开研究,建立相关模型以提高数据对齐工作效率,分析了解管道动态,保障管道安全运行。将算法应用于在役天然气管道的三轮内检测数据,实现了球阀、管件、弯头、环焊缝、缺陷等特征向基线的对齐,对齐结果与基线偏差精确至0.01 m。