广西沿海渔业船员素质分析

船员素质的高低是关系到船舶和乘船人员安全的重要因素。文章通过对广西沿海渔业船员素质现状进行调查,分析了广西沿海渔业船员素质较低的原因,提出了改变广西沿海渔业船员素质现状的相关措施,为提高广西渔业船员素质,减少事故的发生,提升渔业生产技术水平,以及进一步提高渔业生产人员生活水平提供理论参考。     

广西船员教育与培训的问题与对策

文章分析了广西船员发展的现状和趋势,探讨了广西船员教育与培训工作存在的问题,并提出了改进船员教育与培训工作的对策。     

内河船员培训存在的问题及对策

船员素质是船舶营运安全的决定性因素。文章基于南宁辖区内河船员培训的现状,探讨了提高内河船员培训质量的意义,分析了内河船员培训存在的问题,并提出了解决问题的对策。     

关于减少船员无序流动的分析研究

船员无序流动的事实与行业期望稳定船员队伍的意愿存在矛盾,其从多个方面严重危害了船员劳务市场的规范运行。从流动的事实、意愿和危害的角度考量被调研船员无序流动的程度,并给出了相应建议。     

三峡库区船员管理模式现状与对策探讨

随着三峡库区的各项建设的进行,长江上游航运市场竞争的加剧,航运业对船员的需求也在不断提高,从数量型正在向质量型转变,企业的优胜劣汰与船员素质的参差不齐,使船员管理更加复杂。本文通过对三峡库区船员管理模式现状调查研究,分析了其存在的不足并提出了解决办法。     

关于船员个人所得税改革以推动船舶安全管理的研究

通过分析国内船员个人所得税政策现状,与其他主要海上运输国家或地区船员个人所得税政策进行系统对比,对船员个人所得税改革进行了可行性分析,并从个人所得税优化和个人所得税改革两个角度给出了合理性建议。     

中国海员外派潜力巨大

近年来,中国船员在国际船员市场上的身价日渐提升,随着世界航运业的持续发展,国际船员需求量供不应求,尤其是中,高级船员．处于相当紧缺的状态。根据BIMCO/ISF2005年世界海员供需情况报告,世界海运船队对海员的需求是1062000人,供给是1187000人。普通船员富余135000人。而高级船员却短缺1万人,而且有进一步扩大的趋势。作为世界第一的人口大国,作为拥有丰富劳动力资源的第三世界国家,中国的船员资源潜力巨大。中国的船员输出政策对国际船员市场有着深远影响。面对看似一本万利的“船员经济”,中国究竟该何去何从?     

加强船员队伍建设提升航运服务水平

推动队伍建设 促进行业高质量发展 据统计,我国国际贸易总运量的90％以上是通过海上运输来完成的.作为海上物流链畅通和水上交通安全形势稳定的重要保障,船员群体在国家社会经济发展和总体安全中发挥着重要的作用.2018年12月,习近平总书记访问巴拿马期间与"玫瑰轮"船员专门通话,充分体现了党和国家对船员队伍建设和发展的高度重视.2019年中共中央、国务院印发《交通强国建设纲要》,对我国船员队伍建设提出了新的更高要求.今年4月13日,习近平总书记对职业教育工作作出重要指示强调,要加快构建现代职业教育体系,培养更多高素质技术技能人才、能工巧匠、大国工匠.新修订的《海上交通安全法》将于9月1日施行,首次将船员权益保障写入国内法律.我国船员队伍发展得到越来越多的重视.     

维修：全国机动车检测维修士上海实操试点考实务

全国机动车检测维修专业技术人员职业水平上海实操试点考试于4月20日在上海市公用事业学校正式启动。本次实操试点考试的级别为机动车检测维修士，科目为“机动车检测维修实务”，采取实车故障模拟、实际操作与计算机考试界面作答结合的方式。     

多国文化船员班子的管理

近30年,随着全球经济一体化发展步伐不断加快,一向被人们认为在各行各业中管理制度最为保守的世界商船队船员配套班子组成模式也发生翻天覆地的变化,其中最大的变化是,单一国籍越来越少,而取而代替之的是来自多国．多语种和多文化船员组成的船舶班子,有的船公司在总共才 20个人的一艘船上安排的船员竟然来自10多个国家,如同一个微型“联合国组织”。据联合国国际海事组织最近公布的统计数据,全球大约有三分之二的商船配套船员班子是由两种以上国籍船员组成的,至于多语种和多文化现象就更加普遍。     

An optimization model for a real-time flight scheduling problem

Although airlines plan aircraft routes and crew schedules in advance, perturbations occur everyday. As a result, flight schedules may become infeasible and would need to be updated. This Day of Operations Scheduling problem impacts the entire system of an airline as the decisions enforced are final. When perturbations are relatively small, the airline may be able to at least preserve the planned aircraft and crew itineraries. We propose a model that determines new flight schedules based on planned crew transfers, rest periods, passenger connections, and maintenance. Its dual is shown to be a network model, hence solvable in a real-time environment. In addition, it can be used in more sophisticated operational and planning systems.     

浅论救生衣在内河船舶航行中的应用

内河船舶救生衣配备存放及使用中存在着很多不规范之处,随着内河船舶的大型化进程,一些船员原本并不会游泳或者水性不好,导致船员失足落水溺亡事件的屡屡发生。本文通过分析这些这些不规范之处的产生原因,以及相应存在问题的应对措施,以供交流与参考。     

《防超劳预警表》的实践与思考

通过对《机车乘务员超劳预警通知书》进行电子化改造和相关功能完善,目标是为了通过可视化的提醒方式,向机务段派班员、机车调度员、计划调度员、列车调度员以及车站值班员等直接涉及运输组织的人员提供机车乘务员劳动时间的相关信息,以便实现对超劳情况的提前发现、提前组织,减少由于信息传递滞后造成的机车乘务员超劳情况。     

Evolutionary crew scheduling with adaptive chromosomes

This paper presents an adaptive evolutionary approach incorporating a hybrid genetic algorithm (GA) for public transport crew scheduling problems, which are well-known to be NP-hard. To ensure the search efficiency, a suitable chromosome representation has to be determined first. Unlike a canonical GA for crew scheduling where the chromosome length is fixed, the chromosome length in the proposed approach may vary adaptively during the iterative process, and its initial value is elaborately designated as the lower bound of the number of shifts to be used in an unachievable optimal solution. Next, the hybrid GA with such a short chromosome length is employed to find a feasible schedule. During the GA process, the adaptation on chromosome lengths is achieved by genetic operations of crossover and mutation with removal and replenishment strategies aided by a simple greedy algorithm. If a feasible schedule cannot be found when the GA’s termination condition is met, the GA will restart with one more gene added. The above process is repeated until a feasible solution is found. Computational experiments based on 11 real-world crew scheduling problems in China show that, compared to a fuzzy GA known to be well performed for crew scheduling, better solutions are found for all the testing problems. Moreover, the algorithm works fast, has achieved results close to the lower bounds obtained by a standard linear programming solver in terms of the number of shifts, and has much potential for future developments.     

Airline crew pairing with fatigue: Modeling and analysis

Crew fatigue is one of the main causes of airline accidents. Regulatory authorities such as the Federal Aviation Agency constantly introduce new fatigue regulations, often in the form of hard constraints on the length of duty and rest periods. The complex nature of travel-related fatigue, however, makes it difficult to account for it indirectly through such constraints. Recent studies show that fatigue depends on human factors such as the homeostatic process and the circadian body clock as well as time-zone differences. In this work, we explicitly account for fatigue in crew pairing optimization through the Three Process Model of Alertness, one of the most comprehensive fatigue models available in the literature. We provide a mathematical model for the crew pairing problem that incorporates fatigue and solve it using a column generation approach. Numerical analysis on two real data sets reveals that the proposed approach is able to reduce the crew fatigue levels substantially with minimal impact on cost. In particular, it is shown that hard constraints on fatigue may still lead to high fatigue levels and that jet-lag and time-zone differences have a major impact. The results of the tests also show that some of the rules and regulations in practice may be omitted if the fatigue is accounted for directly.     

Autonomous technologies in short sea shipping: trends,feasibility and implications

ABSTRACT

The maritime industry has been continuously transforming the nature of its business and striving to embrace technology in many aspects. In this context, autonomous technologies have been receiving momentum with a potential to revolutionise the landscape of shipping industry. After conducting a comprehensive literature review on the issues facing by the short sea shipping (SSS) industry, a model is developed to explore the potential savings of removing crew and use of autonomous technologies through a Continuously Unmanned Ship (CUS) that is operated by a Shore Control Centre (SCC). The analysis shows that autonomous technologies are viable to the challenges that the shipping industry is facing in terms of crew costs and skill shortage. To validate this statement, a case study is selected and various scenarios were tested based on relevant operational and financial considerations, including crew arrangement, cargo utilisation levels and shore wage coefficients. The results suggest that the savings occur in demand-uncertain markets and where a network of vessels are operated via a control centre. While autonomous technology use in shipping holds promise, there remain several limitations that this research addresses in terms of implementation, commercial attractiveness, risk profile, legislative, workforce planning and port operations.     

The methodology of multiple criteria decision making/aiding in public transportation

The paper presents methodological overview of the application of Multiple Criteria Decision Making/Aiding (MCDM/A) in public transportation. It explains why MCDM/A methodology is so important while dealing with different categories of decision problems that arise in mass transit systems. Major features and basic notions of MCDM/A methodology are presented. Different categories of MCDM/A methods are characterized and classified. Two case studies demonstrate possible applications of MCDM/A methodology in public transportation. In the first case study multiple objective evaluation of the mass transit system developments' scenarios is carried out. Four variants of the mass transit system are evaluated by a consistent family of criteria with an application of ELECTRE III method. The second case study refers to optimization of the crew size in the mass transit system operated by a public transportation company (PTC). Multiple objective mathematical programing problem is formulated and solved by a combination of an original, customized heuristic procedure implemented in a computer software PEOPLE and the Light Beam Search (LBS) method. Copyright © 2010 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Service-cost tradeoffs for carload freight traffic in the U.S. rail industry

Railroad technology permits a single train to move a large number of individual freight cars. However, cars which are not in dedicated unit train or intermodal service experience considerable delay due to the consolidation and breakup of trains. Rail operations thus involve a tradeoff between the economies of shipment consolidation, and the resulting delays. More direct and/or more frequent train connections will increase costs, but reduce transit times. This article quantifies the cost of providing a range of transit times for general carload traffic for several representative U.S. rail systems. It shows that significant reductions in transit time will require a large increase in the number of train connections and operating cost. Changes in labor contracts to reduce train crew cost will provide some incentive for higher service levels, but reductions in crew cost alone cannot be expected to dramatically improve the performance of the carload segment of the industry.     

全站仪与PC-E500计算机无线通信研究

文章从全站仪与PC-E500计算机的有线联机原理入手,介绍了无线通信模块的基本性能,阐述了全站仪与PC-E500计算机无线串口模块的改造连接工序及要点,并通过测量试验验证了全站仪与PC-E500计算机无线串口通信的使用效果。     

The flight perturbation problem

Airlines spend considerable time, effort and financial resources on planning. It is essential to create a competitive timetable and construct a fleet and a crew schedule that utilizes these resources to the maximum. Unfortunately, it is all too common that an airline is faced with the necessity of reconstructing their schedules due to some unforeseen event, for example an aircraft breakdown or a crew member that is indisposed. In this paper, an application that can help airlines solve the complex problem of reconstructing aircraft schedules is presented. A mixed integer multicommodity flow model with side constraints is developed and further reformulated into a set packing model using the Dantzig—Wolfe decomposition. Cancellations, delays and aircraft swaps are used to resolve the perturbation, and the model ensures that the schedule returns to normal within a certain time. Two column generation schemes for heuristically solving the model are tested on real problem data obtained from a Swedish domestic airline. The computational tests show that the application is capable of presenting high quality solutions in a few seconds and therefore can be used as a dynamic decision support tool by the airlines.