诊断的未来

从传统意义上讲，医学应用中的体外诊断是一项艰苦的劳动高度密集型任务。血液与其它体液或组织样品被送往实验室进行分析，根据所采用的方法，分析有的需要几个小时，而有的则需要几天，甚至几个星期。现有技术往往花费昂贵，同时需要很长的等待时间，样品有可能发生变质，另外，如果取样小的话，它们常常会产生错误的结果。通过多种方法获得数据很难被整合，而且很难对采样进行标准化。     

电子秤1.4e的实际应用及合理性

对于非自动电子衡器（主要数显秤），无论是检定规程、标准，还是国际建议都提出：其鉴别力不大于１．４ｅ，可是在实际工作中，变化一个检定分度值ｅ的鉴别力，有的只需要１．４ｅ的几分之一，有的要加到１．４ｅ附近，有的则真加或减到１．４ｅ砝码，衡器示值已变化了２个分度值ｅ。     

军车引入社会保险需要解决的问题与实施方式

一、目前军车引入社会保险需要解决的问题(一)车辆装备品牌杂乱的问题。目前部队车辆的型号比较庞杂,往往一个单位的车辆有十几个甚至几十个品牌,有的车辆品牌装备部队几年时间,车辆生产厂家就停产或转行生产其他的型号,给部队车辆的维护、     

Just for fun 车展红人二三事

别样干露露看人不能只看表面2012年5月3日，湖南长沙车展全球鹰展台被告观众围得水泄不通，几辆全球鹰车型被淹没在人潮中，观众则垫看脚尖、端着长枪短炮朝舞台猛拍，有的人为了占领，     

客车侧围门常用铰链浅析

客车侧围门的设置是为方便底盘、电器等设备的安装、运行、检修及行李的存取而设计的，如水箱门、电池箱门、前侧围检修门、后侧围检修门、行李仓门等。有的侧围门需要考虑密封性，有的则不需要；有的需要开度大些，有的则不需要。各种使用条件都无一例外牵涉到侧围门的翻转机构一铰链。铰链是侧围门的核心部件，它关系到侧围门的开启角度、装配工艺性、密封性及整车造型。     

车展拿什么来教育和引导观众

春节一过，北京车展又将紧锣密鼓地筹备运作。每年车展都会把一个先进的理念作为办展的大旗．比如说“绿色环保”等等，但往往这只是个幌子。在宣传中，尤其是媒体则无不把豪华车作为顶礼膜拜的亮点予以大肆张扬。因此，每次车展最抓人眼球的新闻就变成一些豪华车、超豪华车被人用几百万、几千万买走了。再进一步的宣传就是全球豪华车中国市场排名不是第一就是第二，     

夜上浓妆——MINI Clubman华丽变身JCW

每一辆MINI JCW都是神秘的游侠，它们身怀绝技却从不显山露水，平时很难捕捉到它们的踪迹，但是我知道它们是确实存在的，所以它的每次出场都会引起一阵骚动，混乱中人们往往不知道它已去向何方，不过这次可被我们逮了个正着。     

心中的尺子

人非神圣，故无人能够做到通晓环宇万事万物，洞悉人间大事小情。世事纷纭，世界上往往有许多事情很难让人一眼就能看它个清清楚楚、明明白白的。所以，人们判断事物时常常需要找到一些心目中的参照标准，而人们一旦有了自己心中面对各种事物的固定参照标准，     

谨防歹徒借“拼车”抢劫乘客

傍晚时分，客流量猛增，在这个时段市民往往很难打上出租车。一些不法分子则瞄上这个时机，以“拼车”为由，伺机对打的者实施抢劫或抢夺。为此，温州鹿城警方结合案例支招防范。     

爱车续保有诀窍

对许多新车主而言，由于对买车险十分懵懂，首保往往听从工作人员“新车买全险”的建议，如何购买适合自己的车险往往不被重视。不知不觉又过了一年，不少车主又到了续保的时候，有的仍然对如何搭配险种一头雾水，有的抱怨旧车续保反而比新车首保还贵。其实续保不比首保花费的精力少，针对这些共有问题，本期就续保的优惠制度及续保险种搭配相关问题的介绍，为准备续保的广大读者精打细算，希望通过以下三个诀窍，帮您成为精明的“老”车主!     

Driver recognition of a run-over accident

If a driver passes over a pedestrian lying on the road and flees, it is considered a crime. In several cases, even if the driver fled and was arrested, he/she often asserts that they did not know that the victim was a human being. However, the investigation agency often believes that a driver can certainly recognize when he/she passes over a person. Accordingly, such cases frequently lead to disputes due to the lack of criteria for recognizing when a driver was involved in run-over accidents. In this study, tests were conducted both to identify if drivers can recognize whether their vehicles passed over a person and to examine how they feel at the time. A silicon dummy, which was manufactured to have the same characteristic as the human chest, was used in this study. According to the method specified in ISO2631, the vibration delivered to the driver was measured, and eighteen participants drove a vehicle over the silicon dummy to experience how the vibrations felt. When the passenger car for the test ran over the dummy at speeds ranging from 10 km/h to 60 km/h, all participants recognized the delivered vibration, and the VDV that was delivered to the participants ranged from 1.81 m/s ^1.75 to 2.38 m/s ^1.75. The participants thought that the object they drove over was a stone or a piece of wood. This indicates that the driver certainly can recognize the vibrations generated from passing over a human chest even though it feels like a solid object.     

International and intercultural differences in arguments used against road safety policy measures

Policy measures in the field of road safety are not easily implemented for several reasons. Interventions can be undertaken in a multitude of policy areas, but it is often uncertain how effective the measures are. Moreover, policymakers may be reluctant to implement road safety policy measures because of the expected high costs and/or perceived low public support. To understand the arguments used against policy measures for road safety, a survey was conducted in ten countries (China, the United States, the United Kingdom, Belgium, Austria, Sweden, Greece, France, Nigeria, and Argentina). Respondents were presented with ten possible road safety measures and asked whether they would support or oppose them, what arguments their opinion was based on, and what the consequence of the measure would be on them individually. This paper describes the main findings of the research and then zooms in on three counterarguments: restriction of mobility, discrimination, and unjustifiability of state interventions, as well as on three of the measures considered—compulsory use of ISA systems, mandatory cycle helmets, and screening of older motorists. With this research, previous results on the level of public support have been confirmed, and new insights have been gained. If people feel safe when using a particular transport mode, they are less conscious of the need for additional or stricter measures affecting their transport mode. The perceived restriction of human liberties, fear of discrimination, and resistance to state interventions fuel opposition against measures. Moreover, people from different countries vary in what they consider fair and unfair, which is linked to the national culture and social organization. Even if a measure was perceived to be unfair from a certain perspective (e.g., discrimination), some respondents supported the measure. Our research also illustrates that even people who recognize that a measure would be effective might oppose it because they think it is not justified from at least one perspective, for instance, an excessive restriction of freedom.     

The evaluation of tactile ground surface indicator condition and effectiveness on the sidewalk in Yogyakarta City,Indonesia

Installed on sidewalks, Tactile Ground Surface Indicators (TGSI) aims to help people with visual impairments so that they can be more independent, mobile, confident, and safe when passing the road on which they often or even first-time pass. Improper installation of TGSI will make people with visual impairments confused and potentially cause accidents. This study aims to evaluate and discuss the existing conditions of TGSI installations on secondary arterial roads in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia and their impact on people with visual impairments. A field survey was conducted to answer this research question through measurements and photo documentation to discover the length of the installed TGSI and the condition of the existing of TGSI installation. The results indicated that out of the 14 secondary arterial road segments in Yogyakarta City, only 6 road segments or 43% of the roads had been installed with TGSI and the road sections had not been connected between each other. In addition, the major issues of existing TGSI installation are low connectivity, dangerous paths, inconsistent installations, and sidewalk facilities that did not consider people with visual impairments. Therefore, it can be said that the use of the TGSI facilities on secondary arterial roads in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, has not been effective and dangerous for people with visual impairments.     

隧道地下水处治的国内外研究现状分析

为深入研究隧道设计、施工面临的地下水处治难题,为高压富水隧道设计、施工提供理论依据,对隧道地下水处治技术的现状进行分析。不同部门在不同时期和社会经济条件下,提出了不同规范和地下水处理措施。针对隧道工程设计、施工过程所遭遇的地下水问题,尤其是隧道衬砌水压力荷载问题,各行业部门在隧道(洞)工程支护结构设计中对富水地层地下水压力对支护结构的影响认识并不一致,尤其是对外水压力能否折减仍存在一定争议,对地下水作用的认识仍未达成共识。为此,对隧道地下水问题从概念和方法上进行研究,在研究现状及存在的主要问题分析基础上,提出了下一步研究思路。     

Energy Flow in Active Attitude Control Suspensions: A Bond Graph Analysis

Fully active ground vehicle suspensions which completely replace the passive spring and damper elements with a force generating actuator have required a significant amount of power. Alternative systems which retain compliant elements to handle high frequency isolation but include active elements to control the vehicle body attitude have been developed to reduce the power requirements. These suspensions are called “low bandwidth” or “fast load leveler” systems and they often incorporate semi-active dampers which produce high frequency controllable forces with low power requirements. Here, two contrasting attitude control systems are studied to show that actuator power can be significantly reduced if the actuator is used to vary a lever ratio instead of being used to compress the suspension spring directly. Both types of systems have been successfully implemented in prototype form. Bond graphs for idealized versions of the suspensions show clearly the significant differences in actuator power and energy requirements even though the abstract mathematical structures of the two systems are remarkably similar. Computer simulations confirm the analytical results.     

StudyonMathematicalModeofQuantification Performance-to-Price Ratio

Nowadays, consumers often compare the same kind of commodities and decide what to pick out when they purchase merchandise including the service. The paper discusses the mathematical mode of quantification performance-to-price ratio according to which product can be made in order to increase the competitiveness in the market.     

摩托车车架弯管技术探讨

摩托车车架弯管件在弯曲过程中,会出现椭圆变形、壁厚变薄和回弹等现象。基于对上述现象产生原理的分析和相应的试验,提出一些切合实际的解决方法:弯管件设计时,尽量增大弯管件的弯曲半径,这样有助于减小椭圆变形率、壁厚变薄率;在生产时选用合适的芯棒,可以有效减小椭圆变形;按公式计算弯曲模的半径;按公式或20/120方法计算角度回弹值来修正弯管机的加工程序。     

基于WLF公式确定DSR中不同平行板的温度适用范围

动态剪切流变仪不仅可以用来对沥青的路用性能进行分级,也可以在大温度范围内测定沥青的性能。采用动态剪切流变仪对沥青材料进行试验时,不同平行板在相同试验条件下对同种试样进行试验的数据不一定相同,并且不同半径的平行板有各自的温度实用范围,本文从时间温度等效原理入手,采用数据分析软件,对采用不同平行板进行试验得到的频率-模量曲线进行拟合,从而得到模量主曲线,确定出不同平行板的试验结果在一定频率范围内的互用范围。采用WLF公式计算出不同温度条件下对应的基准温度TS值,研究结果表明:在沥青模量一定的范围内,8 mm平行板与25 mm平行板相比更适合20℃以下的动态剪切试验,而在20℃以上,二者可以互用,这对于以后的研究提供了不同条件下选择仪器的一个参考。     

On Inverse Equations for Vehicle Dynamics

Instead of writing equations which when solved yield the response of a vehicle to an input such as the front wheel steer angle, one can often invert the equations so that a response quantity is specified as an input and a new set of equations is solved yielding the steer angle required as an output. Using these equations one can discover the input steer angle a driver would need to impose in order to accomplish a specific maneuver for various vehicles.

It is shown that there are many possible inverse equation sets and that the eigenvalues of the inverse equations are hard to interpret since they may have little to do with the vehicle parameters. The linear single-input single-output case is studied first to fix ideas using a simple example. For the bicycle model vehicle, it is shown that any vehicle may have unstable inverse equations depending upon the response quantity used. Extensions to nonlinear and multiple-input multiple output systems are discussed.