参数横摇下大型集装箱船外飘砰击的近似计算方法（英文）

Since the research of flare slamming prediction is seldom when parametric rolling happens, we present an efficient approximation method for flare slamming analysis of large container ships in parametric rolling conditions. We adopt a 6-DOF weakly nonlinear time domain model to predict the ship motions of parametric rolling conditions. Unlike previous flare slamming analysis, our proposed method takes roll motion into account to calculate the impact angle and relative vertical velocity between ship sections on the bow flare and wave surface. We use the Wagner model to analyze the slamming impact forces and the slamming occurrence probability. Through numerical simulations, we investigate the maximum flare slamming pressures of a container ship for different speeds and wave conditions. To further clarify the mechanism of flare slamming phenomena in parametric rolling conditions, we also conduct real-time simulations to determine the relationship between slamming pressure and 3-DOF motions, namely roll, pitch, and heave.     

纵向规则波中参数横摇的数值模拟

基于ITTC推荐的参数横摇运动方程,采用估算方法确定方程中的阻尼系数和复原力矩系数,数值模拟出船舶在规则波中的参数横摇情况,将上述方法具体应用于一艘滚装船船模的参数横摇预报,并与试验数据进行对比,验证了所采用方法的有效性。     

风力载荷对实船参数横摇预报的影响研究

参数横摇作为一种严重危害船舶安全的现象,已被国际海事组织(IMO)列为重要的稳性失效模式开展研究。集装箱船的事故报告表明,参数横摇现象发生于相对恶劣的海况条件下,且伴随相应的气象条件。由于此时风力载荷是船舶航行过程中不可忽略的因素,因而非常有必要研究其对参数横摇运动的影响。文中基于弱非线性三自由度运动模型,通过对4艘实船参数横摇响应的计算研究,发现风力载荷对于集装箱船在规则波中的参数横摇具有重要影响,对于参数横摇起促进作用。     

波浪对船舶非线性横摇阻尼的影响

横摇非线性阻尼通常是在静水中进行横摇衰减试验确定。本文通过在波浪水池中进行不规则波的船模横摇衰减试验，研究了波浪对非线性横摇阻尼的影响。研究发现波浪的存在使横摇阻尼线性部分减少，非线性部分增加；采用随机减量法得到非线性横摇阻尼时，门槛值不同所得到的阻尼也不相同，一般说来，门槛值越大，阻尼非线性成分增加，而线性成分减少。     

仿生减摇鳍升力数学模型的全局误差与稳定性

研究了零航速时仿生减摇鳍产生升力的数学模型,讨论了Weis-Fogh 机构如何旋转才能产生船舶减摇所需要的指定升力,其基础为Weis-Fogh 机构理论.首先把问题转化为求解微分方程问题,依据吕卡提方程,给出模型周期解的存在性和稳定性条件;然后采用单步Runge-Kutta方法求出模型的数值解,并分析数值解的全局误差;最后给出保证数值解稳定的条件,并用相应的数值试验予以验证.     

U型水舱在船舶中的垂向布置问题

基于“船舶－被动式U型减摇水舱”系统运动微分方程，分析了U型减摇水舱在船舶中的垂向位置对船舶横摇质量惯性矩、横摇复原系数、横摇固有频率、船舶与水舱的耦合惯性矩等系统方程参数及对船舶横摇运动和舱内液体运动的影响。结果表明，水舱垂向位置高船舶横摇中心越远，由舱内液体引起的船舶横摇质量惯性矩和横摇复原系数越大，船舶横摇固有频率则越小。而耦合惯性矩则随水舱布置高度的变化呈减小的趋势。对于各种不同类型的船舶，存在一个使舱内液体不发生振荡的奇异位置，这时水舱不产生任何的减摇效果，船舶的横摇运动与不安装水舱时相同。利用我校所研制的减摇水舱模型性能摇摆台进行了水舱模型不同垂向布置时的强迫振荡试验，试验结果与仿真结果具有很好的一致性。指出了除水舱固有频率和水舱阻尼外，水舱在船舶中的垂直方向位置也是影响水舱减摇性能和船舶减摇后的横摇运动的主要因素之一，在减摇水舱设计初期应当予以考虑。     

大型集装箱船参数横摇模型试验和数值模拟研究

以4000TEU集装箱船为研究对象,通过系列自航模型试验,确定其在迎浪规则波中发生参数横摇的限界。试验结果显示：在迎浪规则波中,参数横摇通常发生在波浪遭遇周期为横摇固有周期一半的附近;对应不同遭遇频率时参数横摇的发生,存在一个临界波高;航速的增加和舭龙骨的安装将使参数横摇发生的临界波高增加;当有初始干扰时,参数横摇发生的临界波高较小。而且,数值模拟结果与模型试验结果比较吻合。     

Parametric rolling prediction in irregular seas using combination of deterministic ship dynamics and probabilistic wave theory

In recent years there have been reports of serious accidents of parametric rolling for modern container ships and car carriers. For avoiding such accidents, a prediction method of parametric rolling in irregular seas is required. Since parametric rolling is practically non-ergodic, repetitions of numerical simulations or experiments could be not feasible to ascertain the behaviour. Therefore, in this paper, a method combining a stochastic approach with a deterministic approach in order to estimate the probabilistic index without such simple repetitions is developed. The ship's response in regular seas is estimated by solving an averaged system of the original 1-DoF roll model, and random waves necessary for occurrence of parametric rolling is achieved by using Longuet-Higgins’s or Kimura’s wave group theory. As a result, a fast and robust computation method of the probabilistic index is established. Finally, it is concluded that the proposed method is considered to be one of the useful tools for discussing the new IMO Intact Stability Code.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

减摇水舱性能试验摇摆模拟台阻尼力矩的模拟研究

减摇水舱性能试验摇摆模拟台是根据相似准则建立的一种模拟在波浪作用下船舶横摇运动的试验装置。为使摇摆模拟台能够模拟各种类型船舶的运动，要求模拟台的转动惯量、阻尼力矩和波浪干扰力矩都是可调节的。利用硬件方法模拟阻尼力矩具有许多不确定因素，很难保证模拟的阻尼力矩值与要求的阻尼力矩一致，这给减摇水舱性能预报带来诸多困难。本文提出了一种利用软件模拟船舶横摇阻尼力矩的方法，仿真分析和试验结果表明该方法能够模拟各种船舶的阻尼力矩，满足模拟台阻尼力矩模拟要求。     

Stochastic averaging for estimating a ship roll in random longitudinal or oblique waves

In this work, the C11 container ship is taken as an example to analyze its rolling performances in random longitudinal or oblique waves. Firstly, a dynamic model of C11 roll in random waves is improved, and it is verified by the model test and numerical simulation. Mathematically, this dynamic model is a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation with random parametric (and external) excitation. Secondly, an enhanced stochastic averaging method is proposed to solve this stochastic differential equation. The validity of the solutions was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. At last, the probabilistic characteristics of the extreme rolling response were investigated based on the calculated results using enhanced stochastic averaging method. According to the analysis, some advices for ship's manoeuvring can be put forward when ships are navigating in random waves.     

Hydrodynamic hull form optimization using parametric models

Hydrodynamic optimizations of ship hull forms have been carried out employing parametric curves generated by fairness-optimized B-Spline form parameter curves, labeled as F-Spline. Two functionalities of the parametric geometry models are used in the present study: a constrained transformation function to account for hull form variations and a geometric entity used in full parametric hull form design. The present F-Spline based optimization procedure is applied to two distinct hydrodynamic hull form optimizations: the global shape optimization of an ultra-large container ship and the forebody hull form for the hydrodynamic optimization of an LPG carrier. Improvements of ship performance achieved by the proposed F-Spline procedure are demonstrated through numerical experiments and through correlations with experimental data. The ultra-large containership was built and delivered to the ship owner. The present study validates the effectiveness of the proposed hydrodynamic optimization procedure, ushering in process automation and performance improvement in practical ship design practices.     

Validation of 6-DOF motion simulations for ship turning in regular waves

In this study, a six degrees of freedom (6-DOF) motion simulation method of a ship steering in regular waves is validated. The proposed simulation model is based on the two-time scale concept where the 6-DOF motions are expressed as the sum of the low-frequency maneuvering motions and high-frequency wave-induced motions. Turning simulations of a KCS container ship model with a rudder angle of \(\pm 35^\circ\) in calm water and regular waves are performed and the obtained results are compared with the results of a free-running model test. The model tests were conducted using a ship model of length 3.057 m in a square tank at the National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering, Japan. The wave conditions were as follows: the wave height was 3.6 m at full-scale, ratio of wavelength to ship length was 1.0, and the ship approached in the head wave direction before it was steered. The present method can simulate both the turning motion and wave-induced motions in regular waves with practical accuracy.

     

纵摇容器中液体晃荡的非线性数值模拟

在海洋工程领域,液体晃荡是一种普遍存在的物理现象。对于船舶而言,转动比平动有着更重要的影响。该文针对纵摇容器中的液体晃荡问题,采用高阶边界元方法建立自由水面满足完全非线性边界条件的时域数学模型。通过大地坐标系和随体坐标系之间的坐标变换,使得计算域仅控制在随体坐标系内。求解中采用半混合欧拉—拉格朗日方法追踪流体瞬时水面,运用四阶龙格库塔方法更新下一时间步的波面和速度势。通过与已发表试验和数值结果的对比,验证了建立模型的准确性。进而开展大量数值试验研究容器纵摇运动频率、纵摇转动中心和容器中布置一竖直隔板对晃动波面与荷载的影响。     

数值波浪水池中船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术

以CFD理论为基础,建立了数值波浪水池,给出了一种基于三维数值波浪水池的船舶水动力系数测试与分析技术。对Wigley-III船模在数值波浪水池中受迫振荡进行了数值模拟,计算分析了船体垂荡、纵摇及纵荡运动的附加质量与阻尼,并与三维势流理论计算结果进行了比较,两者吻合良好。此方法能准确给出浮式结构物的水动力系数,细致描述船舶周围的流场,可广泛应用于船舶与海洋工程浮式结构物的水动力性能研究。     

IMO第二代完整稳性衡准对现有万箱船设计的影响

国际海事组织（IMO）正在制定基于水动力学的第二代完整稳性衡准,新衡准的实施必然对现有船舶的设计带来巨大影响。集装箱船大型化是航运界的发展趋势,万箱船船型订单近年也大幅上升。已有的事故发现大型集装箱船对参数横摇、过度加速度等衡准相对敏感,但现有船舶的设计对此类事故模式考虑较少,因此有必要开展相关研究。本文选取了某万箱集装箱船,对其大量装载工况进行四种稳性失效模式的计算分析,研究了第二代完整稳性的实施对大型集装箱船的稳性影响,并对其装载、设计等提出一定的建议。     

分段式尾压浪板对高速船阻力性能的影响

基于CFD技术,以排水型高速船Model 5b为模型,寻求改善高速船阻力性能的尾压浪板新形式。首先尾压浪板新形式的确定在静水条件下进行,然后在波浪条件下验证该压浪板的阻力性能。基于CFD软件建立三维数值波浪水池,静水条件下采用切割体网格技术预报船模的阻力性能。波浪条件下数值水池入口采用直接造波方法,尾部采用人工阻尼消波方法,自由面采用VOF方法处理,采用重叠网格技术预报船模的阻力性能以及运动响应。确定一种比常规压浪板阻力性能优良的分段式压浪板,为船舶节能附体的研究提供参考。     

减摇水舱的固有频率和阻尼研究与试验分析

减摇水舱是一种减小船舶横摇,抵抗横倾的常用装置.设计减摇水舱最重要的两个参数是固有频率和阻尼.目前常用的确定减摇水舱固有频率和阻尼的方法大致分两种:一是利用流体力学理论分析或者经验公式进行计算;二是通过试验的方式来测得.由于减摇水舱内水的流动特性比较复杂,所以理论计算十分复杂,而且得到的结果误差也比较大.经验公式只可作为粗略估计.试验的方式对实验台和船模的硬件要求比较高,而且周期比较长.文章提出了一种利用CFD软件进行仿真计算确定水舱固有频率和阻尼的新方法,并且和水舱摇摆台试验结果进行了对照,证明了其可行性和准确性.     

养殖水舱横摇适鱼性数值分析

养殖水舱作为大型养殖工船鱼类生活繁殖的主要场所,其横摇晃荡对鱼类有重要影响。以全流域适鱼流速作为核心评估指标,通过数值仿真分析,从外部激励、制荡措施、舱室型式等方面对养殖水舱横摇激励下的适鱼性影响情况进行了研究。围绕上述内容,重点探讨了不同参数组合下的流场结构及其抑流和减晃作用机理,并给出了能够指导实践的相关结论。     

模糊PID控制器在船舶试验台横摇位置系统中的应用

减摇水舱是一种减小船舶横摇的重要装置,建立船舶试验台是对其进行研究的主要手段.文章针对两自由度船舶试验台横摇位置系统建模中忽略的参数不确定及非线性环节等因素,设计了一种基于模糊逻辑的PID控制器.该控制器能够实现PID控制参数的实时调节,实验研究表明其在实际系统中具有优于常规PID控制器的性能.