H ∞ control design to include nonlinearities. First report: saturation of the rudder

In designing a control system for large vessels, there are two kinds of nonlinearities which must be considered. One is the nonlinearity in equations of motion and the other is the saturation in control devices such as engine output or rudders. These nonlinearities can strongly affect the performance of the control system. A new method to deal with the nonlinearity of saturation has been proposed in this paper. The saturation is considered as a variation of gain in the system. A control system with gain variation can be designed by H _∞ control theory. As an example, a course-keeping control system for a course-unstable ship has been presented. The results show that the method proposed is effective. Received for publication on Jan. 26, 2000; accepted on April 4, 2000     

船舶航向非线性系统的自适应动态面控制

针对船舶航向控制非线性系统模型中存在的不确定性和外界干扰的影响,采用动态面控制算法设计了一种鲁棒自适应控制器.由于在反步法设计过程中加入了一阶低通滤波器使得该方法无需对模型非线性多次微分,因而设计方法简单.所设计的鲁棒自适应控制器不仅能保证闭环系统的半全局渐近稳定,使得输出渐近跟踪期望轨迹;而且,跟踪误差可以通过控制器的设计参数加以调整,同时该算法还能克服可能存在的控制器奇异值问题.数字仿真结果表明,控制系统对给定航向的跟踪具有良好的动态特性,对系统的不确定性,具有较强的鲁棒性.     

基于状态反馈控制的逆变器电流控制器的设计

采用传统控制策略对低脉冲逆变装置的交流电流控制器进行设计时,控制器系统带宽通常会接近系统的基波频率,导致系统动态响应变差。提出了一种改进的电流控制策略,通过状态反馈控制的极点配置方法克服了这一难题,从而大大提高线性控制器的增益。电流控制器的设计以离散条件下的线性状态空间设计为原则,可使控制系统的动态响应和稳定性能更加优越,且系统具有更强的鲁棒性。最后,对设计结果进行了仿真。结果表明,基于状态反馈控制规律的极点配置法所设计的电流控制器比传统的PR设计方案具有更好的动态性能。     

船舶航向模糊滑模控制器的设计与仿真

In considering the characteristic of a rudder,the maneuvers of a ship were described by an unmatched uncertain nonlinear mathematic model with unknown virtual control coefficient and parameter uncertainties.In order to solve the uncertainties in the ship heading control,specifically the controller singular and paramount re-estimation problem,a new multiple sliding-mode adaptive fuzzy control algorithm was proposed by combining Nussbaum gain technology,the approximation property of fuzzy logic systems,and a multiple sliding-mode control algorithm.Based on the Lyapunov function,it was proven in theory that the controller made all signals in the nonlinear system of unmatched uncertain ship motion uniformly bounded,with tracking errors converging to zero.Simulation results show that the demonstrated controller design can track a desired course fast and accurately.It also exhibits strong robustness peculiarity in relation to system uncertainties and disturbances.     

半潜平台动力定位系统模型预测控制器设计(英文)

This paper researches how to apply the advanced control technology of model predictive control(MPC) to the design of the dynamic positioning system(DPS) of a semi-submersible platform.First,a linear low-frequency motion model with three degrees of freedom was established in the context of a semi-submersible platform.Second,a model predictive controller was designed based on a model which took the constraints of the system into account.Third,simulation was carried out to demonstrate the feasibility of the controller.The results show that the model predictive controller has good performance and good at dealing with the constraints of the system.     

动态执行机构的船舶逆最优变速循迹控制（英文）

A controller which is locally optimal near the origin and globally inverse optimal for the nonlinear system is proposed for path following of over actuated marine crafts with actuator dynamics. The motivation is the existence of undesired signals sent to the actuators, which can result in bad behavior in path following. To attenuate the oscillation of the control signal and obtain smooth thrust outputs, the actuator dynamics are added into the ship maneuvering model. Instead of modifying the Line-of-Sight(LOS) guidance law, this proposed controller can easily adjust the vessel speed to minimize the large cross-track error caused by the high vessel speed when it is turning. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of this proposed controller.     

存在饱和输入的欠驱动船舶航迹跟踪控制

针对控制输入存在饱和限制的欠驱动船舶的航迹跟踪问题,提出鲁棒饱和控制方法。以船舶纵向速度和艏向角速度为虚拟输入,设计饱和运动学控制器,并引入二阶滤波器形式对控制器进行简化;利用反步法并引入Nussbaum型函数,设计饱和动力学控制器,以实现对任意光滑航迹的跟踪控制,并保证跟踪误差收敛至零点附近的一个有界区域内。仿真算例验证了设计方法的有效性和鲁棒性。     

基于ARM的中小型船舶自动舵电控系统设计

目前,我国大部分中小型船上的自动舵均通过机械结构和模拟电路实现,线路复杂,稳定性和操纵性较差,急需更新换代.为此采用ARM嵌入式处理器作为控制器实现中小型船舶自动舵电控系统的设计,分析了系统的工作原理、硬件构成和控制策略,并进行了软件设计.该系统设计功能全面,性能稳定,成本低廉,能满足造价不高的中小型船舶对自动舵系统的要求.     

Inverse optimal control for speed-varying path following of marine vessels with actuator dynamics

A controller which is locally optimal near the origin and globally inverse optimal for the nonlinear system is proposed for path following of over actuated marine crafts with actuator dynamics. The motivation is the existence of undesired signals sent to the actuators, which can result in bad behavior in path following. To attenuate the oscillation of the control signal and obtain smooth thrust outputs, the actuator dynamics are added into the ship maneuvering model. Instead of modifying the Line-of-Sight (LOS) guidance law, this proposed controller can easily adjust the vessel speed to minimize the large cross-track error caused by the high vessel speed when it is turning. Numerical simulations demonstrate the validity of this proposed controller.     

模糊PID自整定控制器的仿真研究

针对传统PID控制器的一些问题，基于PID参数模糊自整定的方法，设计了一种参数自整定PID控制器.并运用Matlab模糊逻辑工具箱进行了仿真研究，结果表明：该模糊PID控制器能迅速消除系统余差，改善普通模糊控制器的性能;既具有PID控制器高精度的优点，又具有模糊控制器快速、适应性强的特点，保证了调节系统具有良好的动、稳态特性。     

基于遗传算法的舰船航速模糊控制研究

研究并建立了舰船航速控制系统的数学模型,并将模糊控制理论应用到该系统,提出了一种基于遗传算法的舰船航速模糊控制新方法。该方法较常规的模糊控制具有更优的控制性能,仿真实验结果表明该方法可行、有效。     

基于粒子群优化反步法的船舶航向控制器设计

考虑到反步法在随机干扰下具有较优的控制效果,利用反步法设计基于Nomoto模型的船舶航向控制器;设计一种基于粒子群优化(Particle Swarm Optimization,PSO)反步法的航向控制器,其能通过优化不确定增益参数来消除部分冗余控制。通过仿真试验比较不同航向控制器的性能。仿真结果表明:粒子群优化反步法航向控制器具有更高的控制精度和更强的鲁棒性。     

网络环境下无人水面艇航向控制器设计

无人水面艇自主航行中受到外部环境干扰及在控制中心-执行器网络通道中存在网络诱导特性(如网络诱导时延、数据丢包等)的影响,会降低系统性能,影响航向控制系统的稳定性.为了能使无人艇按照设定航向快速、稳定地航行,提出一种基于网络的无人艇航向控制策略.首先,建立基于网络的无人艇航向控制系统模型.基于这个模型,运用Lyapunov稳定性理论和凸分析方法导出能使网络环境下无人水面艇航向控制系统渐进稳定的控制律,并设计基于网络的航向控制器.通过仿真验证所提出方法和设计控制器的有效性.     

智能水下机器人的建模和控制策略研究(英文)

To provide a suitable model for AUV simulation and control purposes, a general nonlinear dynamic model including a novel thruster hydrodynamics model was derived. Based on the modeling method, the “AUV-XX” simulation platform was established to carry out fundamental tests on its motion characteristics, stability, and controllability. A motion control strategy consisting of both position and speed control in a horizontal plane was designed for different task assignments of underwater vehicles. Combined control of heave and pitch was adopted to compensate for the reduction of vertical tunnel thrusters when the vehicle is moving at a high speed. An improved S-surface controller based on the capacitor plate model was developed with flexible gain selections made possible by different forms of restricting the error and changing the rate of the error. Simulation results show that the derived general mathematical model together with simulation platform can provide a test bed for fundamental tests of motion control. Additionally, the capacitor plate model S-surface control shows a good performance in guiding the vehicle to achieve the desired position and speed with sufficient accuracy.     

基于FTESO和漂角补偿的船舶航向滑模控制

[目的]为提高水面欠驱动船舶的航向跟踪性能,减小航向误差,研究一种基于有限时间扩张状态观测器(FTESO)的船舶航向滑模控制方法.[方法]首先,采用预滤波器减小船舶转向时较大的航向变化率影响,利用扩张状态观测器对时变漂角进行估计,然后通过估计出的漂角及时修正航向误差.为简化控制器设计,艏摇方向上的外部扰动和内部不确定项...     

船舶航向保持的鲁棒神经网络控制

设计一个N5-5-5-5-5-5-1前向神经网络,经训练得到一个开环的船舶航向保持控制器,使其能够较好地保持典型输入信号作用下的船舶航向;然后应用闭环增益成形算法,形成闭环控制系统.这种基于神经网络的航向保持方案,将神经网络的适应能力、非线性函数映射能力和闭环增益成形算法的鲁棒性结合起来,改善了系统的鲁棒性能.这种方法设计过程简单,物理意义明显.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship＇s track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability （ISS） theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques, a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently, a ship＇s linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University＇s ocean-going training ship ＇YULONG＇ are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

ISS-based robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm for maintaining a ship's track

This paper focuses on the problem of linear track keeping for marine surface vessels. The influence exerted by sea currents on the kinematic equation of ships is considered first. The input-to-state stability(ISS) theory used to verify the system is input-to-state stable. Combining the Nussbaum gain with backstepping techniques,a robust adaptive fuzzy algorithm is presented by employing fuzzy systems as an approximator for unknown nonlinearities in the system. It is proved that the proposed algorithm that guarantees all signals in the closed-loop system are ultimately bounded. Consequently,a ship's linear track-keeping control can be implemented. Simulation results using Dalian Maritime University's ocean-going training ship 'YULONG' are presented to validate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.     

基于指数函数非线性反馈的船舶航向保持控制

为研究船舶航向保持控制问题,本文以“育鹏”轮为研究对象,建立了其非线性Nomoto船舶模型,设计了基于闭环增益成形算法的指数函数非线性反馈控制器,并以“育鹏”轮的非线性模型为被控制对象,用Matlab的Simulink工具箱进行系统仿真研究。系统仿真结果表明,建立的非线性Nomoto数学模型精度良好,设计的控制器进行船舶航向保持控制时效果优异,并且更节能。使用这种方法设计的控制器,可以很好地进行船舶航向保持控制,对今后的船舶运动仿真和控制器的设计具有重要意义。     

一类复合模糊控制器在舰炮随动系统中的应用

舰炮随动系统的快速性,稳定性和控制精度是影响舰炮武器系统作战性能的重要因素。针对舰炮随动系统参数时变性和负载干扰大对其快速性,稳定性和准确性的影响,设计了一种P＋FUZZY-PI复合控制器。建立了该控制器的仿真模型,并以某型舰炮为例,分别采用传统PID控制器和P＋FUZZY-PI复合控制器进行了计算机仿真。通过比较仿真结果,表明该复合控制器调节时间短、控制精度高、鲁棒性强。该类控制器能够在舰炮随动控制中获得良好的控制性能。