发动机异响的诊断

随着汽车行驶里程的增加或使用维修不当或个别机件材料不佳,发动机在工作过程中会出现明显的金属敲击、摩擦等异响。发动机异响的种类较多,响声也较为复杂,掌握正确的诊断方法是准确诊断发动机异响的关键。     

北京现代β发动机正时皮带偏磨

故障现象：β发动机出现正时皮带向外跑偏的现象，会与外壳摩擦造成异响。 故障诊断：发动机缸盖固定正时皮带涨紧轮的平面度不合适（见图4），造成垂直度误差，涨紧轮倾斜，从而使皮带向外跑偏。     

法国雷诺风景2．0发动机异响

故障现象：一辆法国雷诺风景2．0轿车,在一家雷诺4S店更换正时皮带及正时张紧轮等维修作业后,发动机出现了异响。发动机异响听起来像液压挺杆松旷的响声,也就是我们经常说的气门响声;发动机异响听起来也像发动机工作、爆燃、敲缸响声,有类似点火时间过早的爆燃的声音。发动机启动正常,怠速平稳。     

奔腾轿车行驶异响故障检修2例

<正>车辆行驶时,会发出很多声音,如发动机噪音、减振器、弹簧震动声音、轮胎与地面摩擦声音等,但在某些情况下,车辆在行驶时发出异常刺耳,甚至驾驶员和乘客都无法接受的声音,此类问题统称为行驶异响。一、行驶异响分类目前,行驶异响主要分为3类:1.底盘异响,即底盘各总成异响,包括车轮、半轴、变速器、发动机、悬挂等产生的异响;2.车身异响,即金属车身造成的     

发动机附件传动系统异响诊断及其优化方案

针对某燃油汽车在急加速工况下发动机前舱存在“哒哒”异响的问题,通过频谱分析确定噪声源,并从激励源、传递路径和激励响应 3 个方面提出消除异响的优化方案,并结合实际情况评估各优化方案的可行性。结果表明：将发动机张紧器钢带轮改为塑料带轮能够有效解决异响问题。     

发动机异响故障的听诊判断

发动机气缸内的运动件在运动中互相摩擦、碰撞,在正常情况下会产生各种适度的响声(发动机运转声),这是允许的,也是不可避免的。但是,在发动机技术状况不佳或有潜伏故障时,气缸内会发生异响,若不及时找出产生异响的原因并加以消除,则可能引发重大故障(或事故)。发动机气缸内的异响可归纳为零件敲击声、漏气声和爆震声等,现分述如下。     

发动机异响诊断

摩托车发动机是由成百上千个零件按一定的配合间隙和规定的技术要求组装而成的,工作时各机件相互摩擦。由于零件的材料各异,其膨胀系数不一,发动机所有能运动的零件都可能发出响声。发动机的振动使一些不运动的零件由于紧固件的松脱或零件开裂等原因,也会发出异响。各种发动机都有其各自异响的特点,而且隐藏于发动机运行的噪声之中。一般来说,新车发动机的技术状况较好,工作过程中无杂乱声响,当因某一原因而引起不正常的响声时,便会比较     

浅析汽车异响产生原因

动力总成异响表现为发动机在运转过程中发出频率较高的异常声响,且异响随发动机转速的变化而变化。发动机个别缸不工作其现象是异响伴随发动机强烈抖动,且异响频率与抖动频率相同。主要检查发动机的供油、点火、供气以及发动机集成模块。柴油机与汽油机的检查地方不同:柴油机如     

发动机异响诊断

发动机异响较复杂，有各种各样的表现，如连接螺栓松动会引起零件相互撞击的声音；也有摩擦副之间配合间隙过大，润滑不良烧蚀损坏引起的异响。同一个发响部件在不同位置上查听时，由于声波传播途径的不同，会感到有细微差别。有时附件上产生的异响传到发动机上，使人听起来好像是发动机自身发出来的。     

故障排除经验点滴

大众速腾车发动机工作时有异响故障现象一辆2010款一汽大众速腾轿车,累计行驶里程约为7万km,发动机工作时会发出"嗡嗡"的异响。检查分析检查发现,不论发动机处于低速状态还是高速状态,发动机工作时都会发出的"嗡嗡"声。用听诊器对发动机进行监听,发现异响在发动机前端,但是很难判断声源具体位置,于是拆卸发动机前端外传动带,对异响进行逐一排除。     

Coordinated vehicle traction control based on engine torque and brake pressure under complicated road conditions

Vehicle traction control system has been developed to enhance the traction capability and the direction stability of the driving wheels through the tyre slip ratio regulation. Under normal situations, if the tyre slip ratio exceeds a certain threshold, the slip ratio of the driving wheel is regulated by the coupled interaction of the engine torque and the active brake pressure. In order to obtain the best driving performance on a road under complicated friction conditions, the driving torque and the active brake pressure, need to be decoupled and adjusted to avoid penalisation of each other. In this paper, a coordinated cascade control method with two sliding-mode variable structure controllers is presented. In this control method, the driving wheel slip ratio is regulated by adjusting the engine torque and the wheel brake pressure. Through the sliding-mode controller, the engine torque is tuned to achieve the maximum driving acceleration and then the active brake pressure is applied to the slipped wheel for further modification of the wheel slip ratio. The advantage of this control method is that through proper regulation, the conflict between the two control inputs could be avoided. Finally, the simulation results validate the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

影响扭振测试精度因素的试验研究

为研究各种测试参数对发动机扭振测试结果的影响,针对测试齿盘直径相同而齿数不同、齿盘直径不同而齿数相同、齿数和直径相同而采样频率不同等方案进行了试验.试验结果表明,齿盘齿数少的测试精度高于齿数多的测试精度;齿盘直径越大测试精度越高;较高的采样频率有助于获得较高的测试精度.     

Novel electronic braking system design for EVS based on constrained nonlinear hierarchical control

Both environment protection and energy saving have attracted more and more attention in the electric vehicles (EVs) field. In fact, regarding control performance, electric motor has more advantages over conventional internal combustion engine. To decouple the interaction force between vehicle and various coordinating and integrating active control subsystems and estimate the real-time friction force for Advanced Emergency Braking System (AEBS), this paper’s primary intention is uniform distribution of longitudinal tire-road friction force and control strategy for a Novel Anti-lock Braking System (Nov- ABS) which is designed to estimate and track not only any tire-road friction force, but the maximum tire-road friction force, based on the Anti-Lock Braking System (ABS). The longitudinal tire-road friction force is computed through real-time measurement of breaking force and angular acceleration of wheels. The Magic Formula Tire Model can be expressed by the reference model. The evolution of the tire-road friction is described by the constrained active-set SQP algorithm with regard to wheel slip, and as a result, it is feasible to identify the key parameters of the Magic Formula Tire Model. Accordingly, Inverse Quadratic Interpolation method is a proper way to estimate the desired wheel slip in regards to the reference of tireroad friction force from the top layer. Then, this paper adapts the Nonlinear Sliding Mode Control method to construct proposed Nov-ABS. According to the simulation results, the objective control strategy turns out to be feasible and satisfactory.     

Introduction of a friction coefficient dependent on the slip in the FastSim algorithm

One of the main limitations of algorithms relating forces and creepages at the wheel/rail contact is the use of a friction coefficient independent of the slip. This paper overcomes this limitation through a modification of the FastSim algorithm (based on the Simplified Theory of Kalker). A friction law based on the local value of the slip is established and the required formulation of the local slip elsewhere in the contact area is presented. Some difficulties of the method and the solutions adopted by the authors are also presented. Finally, the achieved improvements are shown through comparison of the results obtained both with the original and the modified FastSim algorithms.     

Investigation of Features of Tyre Rolling at Non-Small Velocities on the Basis of a Simple Tyre Model with Distributed Mass Periphery

SUMMARY

On the basis of the brush-type tyre model the paper considers the interaction between steady-state rolling deformable wheel and flat road surface as well as corresponding force and moment characteristics of the wheel.

At least two zones of sliding, anisotropic dry friction, sliding friction coefficient speed-dependent and instantaneous leap of the friction coefficient when transition from sliding to adhesion zone occurs, have been taken into account, as well as distributed peripheral mass of tyre, elasticity, pseudo-dry friction and damping properties in radial, tangential and lateral directions of the elements at the wheel periphery, including a visco-elastic belt. Vertical force distribution in the contact area is not supposed to be known in advance and follows from the calculation. As a result, sliding zone lengths, distributed forces in contact area, six components of generalized road reaction reduced to the wheel center, and rolling resistance moment are found as functions of vertical load, movement velocity, longitudinal and side slip, friction in contact area with road, stiffnesses, dry friction and damping in the tyre model elements and of distributed peripheral mass.

A computer program developed in Fortran and results of calculations are of particular interest for qualitative analysis including steady rolling of studded tyre and also racing car and aircraft tyres which peripheral mass shows itself in a special way because of great movement velocities.     

Estimation of wheel–rail friction for vehicle certification

In certification of new rail vehicles with respect to running characteristics, a wide variety of operating conditions needs to be considered. However, in associated test runs the wheel–rail friction condition is difficult to handle because the friction coefficient needs to be fairly high and the friction is also generally hard to assess. This is an issue that has been studied in the European project DynoTRAIN and part of the results is presented in this paper. More specifically, an algorithm for estimating the wheel–rail friction coefficient at vehicle certification tests is proposed. Owing to lack of some measurement results, the algorithm here is evaluated in a simulation environment which is also an important step towards practical implementation. A quality measure of the friction estimate is suggested in terms of estimated wheel–rail spin and total creep. It is concluded that, tentatively, the total creep should exceed 0.006 and the spin should be less than 1.0 m^?1 for the algorithm to give a good friction estimate. Sensitivity analysis is carried out to imitate measurement errors, but should be expanded in further work.     

浅谈汽车发动机自动张紧轮的开发制造与试验核心思路分析

文章从阻尼的影响因素、弹簧扭矩的确定、扭矩组件的分析、弹簧组件的精度设计等方面,对汽车发动机自动张紧轮的开发制造方法进行分析,在此基础上提出汽车发动机自动张紧轮的试验思路,期望通过本文的研究能够对自动张紧轮性能的提升和使用寿命的延长有所帮助.     

干摩擦力矩对某独立悬架汽车前轮摆振影响研究

为了探究前轮摆振的影响因素,将运动副间隙处的干摩擦等效到前轮主销处．应用拉格朗日方程建立了3自由度摆振系统模型,并用Matlab对其进行了仿真计算。结果表明,汽车在较大的初始激励下才会激发摆振;较大的干摩擦力矩有利于抑制摆振。     

Study on flange climb derailment criteria of a railway wheelset

The wheel flange climb derailment, which can be usually considered as a quasi-static process, is one of the main types of derailment, and often occurs on curved tracks due to large wheel lateral force and reduced vertical force. The general formula for the wheel critical derailment coefficient Q/P, the ratio of wheel lateral force to vertical force, is derived through analysing the forces exerted on the flange climb wheel. Based on the Coulomb's friction law and the creep force laws, the Friction Formula and Creep Formula for the evaluation of derailment are derived, respectively. The analysis shows that the derailment coefficients of Friction Formula and Creep Formula required for derailment are increased considerably for smaller and negative yaw angles, and tend to the value of Nadal's Formula at larger wheelset yaw angles. The Creep Formula is more reasonable for the assessment of derailment. The effect of some parameters on flange climb derailment, such as wheel/rail friction coefficient, yaw angle, flange contact angle, wheel vertical load and curve radius, are investigated. Finally, a simplified formula for wheel climb derailment based on the Creep Formula is proposed.     

三缸发动机分解摩擦功试验研究

论文主要研究三缸发动机分解摩擦功试验的测量方法,对三缸发动机分解摩擦功的测量流程以及测量结果的有效性进行分析对比,以此来达到分解摩擦功试验的试验目的,为三缸发动机的降摩擦节油设计提供有效方向;此次试验研究主要从电力测功机测量精度标定、零部件摩擦损失功测量方式及注意事项等方面进行研究分析并给出试验结果。