国六排放天然气发动机的开发

将柴油机改造为点燃式单点集中喷射预混天然气发动机.该发动机采用无废气再循环EGR的当量比燃烧+三元催化器的技术路线,通过匹配增压器、三元催化器和电控系统的优化标定,按全球统一瞬态循环WHTC进行排放试验.结果表明,所开发的国六天然气发动机动力性和燃料经济性达到设计指标,排放满足GB17691—2018《重型柴油车污染物...     

高低压EGR对增压天然气发动机燃烧与排放的影响

通过台架试验对一台增压天然气发动机分别采用高压废气再循环(EGR)和高低压废气再循环系统时发动机的燃烧与排放特性进行了试验研究,并结合数值模拟方法对发动机的能量平衡进行了定量分析,探究不同EGR引入系统对天然气发动机经济性的影响.发动机台架试验结果表明:与高压EGR相比,发动机采用高低压EGR系统时,火焰发展期和快速燃烧期缩短,燃烧相位提前,缸内最高燃烧压力和最大瞬时放热率增加;HC和CO排放降低,NO x排放增加;燃气消耗率下降4.5％ ～9.3％.发动机能量平衡分析结果表明:发动机采用高低压EGR系统时摩擦损失增加,泵气损失、传热损失和排气能量损失减少,其中,排气能量损失的减少幅度最大.     

基于一维/三维模型耦合的富氧燃烧天然气发动机数值模拟

以某1.0L3缸汽油机为基础,利用GT-Power与Converge建立了天然气发动机耦合仿真模型,并利用原机试验数据对模型进行了验证,研究了进气富氧与EGR对天然气发动机性能的影响特性,对利用进气富氧与EGR改善天然气发动机的性能进行了探讨。结果表明,随进气氧气体积分数提高,天然气发动机平均有效压力显著提高,最大可提高22.8%(氧体积分数为28%时);同时缸内温度和NOx排放升高,排气与传热的能量损失增加,燃气消耗率略有升高。加入EGR可以降低富氧燃烧下天然气发动机燃气消耗率,随着EGR率增加,燃气消耗率主要呈先减小后增加趋势;且随进气氧浓度提高,各浓度下最低燃气消耗率对应的EGR率逐渐提高;NOx排放随EGR率增加而逐渐降低,在进气氧体积分数为23%,25%,27%,29%时,EGR率分别为10%,15%,20%,25%即可将NOx排放降到原机水平;利用进气富氧与EGR可以有效地改善天然气发动机动力不足与NOx排放高的状况。     

EGR对柴油-天然气双燃料发动机稀燃的影响

在一台由柴油机加装天然气供给系统改装而成的双燃料发动机上进行试验,分别研究了EGR率和过量空气系数(a)随喷油提前角变化对双燃料发动机的影响。结果表明:当EGR率为0时,a过大导致热效率降低。增大喷油提前角使着火提前,燃烧得以改善,最大压力升高率和最高燃烧压力提高,热值折合燃料消耗率降低。喷油提前角一定时,最大压力升高率、最高燃烧压力随EGR率的增大先升高后降低,热值折合燃料消耗率先降低后升高,EGR率为20%时热值折合燃料消耗率达到最低值。采用EGR技术能有效降低NOx排放,但HC,CO,CH4和炭烟排放随着EGR率的增大而增大;增大喷油提前角使缸内柴油预混燃烧比例增加,HC,CO,CH4和炭烟排放降低。因此,采用EGR时应适当增加喷油提前角。     

CA6110ZLA5N2柴油/天然气双燃料发动机的开发

为了达到欧Ⅱ排放法规要求和满足日益增长的对代用燃料发动机的需求,开发了一种以天然气和柴油为燃料的CA6110ZLA5N2双燃料发动机。该发动机采用增压中冷技术,匹配新型高效增压器,采用单点电控喷气系统,采取空燃比、天然气和柴油供给量精确控制的稀薄燃烧方式,增设用于天然气废气的特殊催化器,使该发动机不仅具有原柴油机的动力性,而且排放可满足欧Ⅱ标准的要求。     

EGR对DME发动机性能和排放的影响

开展了4100QBZL增压中冷发动机燃用D40二甲醚—柴油混合燃料时采用EGR技术对发动机动力性、经济性、燃烧和排放性能影响的试验研究。试验结果表明:EGR技术可以有效降低D40混合燃料发动机的NOx排放,EGR率越高,NOx排放改善越明显,但会不同程度恶化烟度、HC,CO等排放。     

不同稀释燃烧技术对GDI汽油机性能的影响

在发动机试验台上,对1.5 L四缸缸内直喷涡轮增压汽油机分别进行了过量空气稀释燃烧、EGR稀释燃烧与原机的经济性、排放特性对比试验研究。结果表明,过量空气稀释燃烧技术具有较大的缸内多变指数,同时可以采用更大的点火提前角,获得了最优的燃烧相位和经济性;EGR稀释的HC排放高于原机和过量空气稀释的燃烧;原机与EGR稀释的CO排放水平相当,而过量空气稀释燃烧处于较低水平;EGR稀释燃烧技术由于燃烧温度的降低与低氧氛围的因素使其NOx排放处于最低水平。为实际改善汽油机的经济性和排放特性提供理论依据。     

采用EGR和DOC实现柴油机欧Ⅳ排放的试验研究

按照GB 17691-2005《车用压燃式、气体燃料点燃式发动机与汽车排气污染物排放限值及测量方法(中国Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ阶段)》的试验方法,对采用了EGR和DOC技术路线的某六缸增压柴油机进行了测试.研究了该技术方案对该柴油机排放性能的影响.结果表明,成本相对低廉的EGR+DOC技术路线可以满足该柴油机的国Ⅳ排放要求.     

使用EGR技术的柴油机国IV排放研究

本文通过对发动机增压器匹配优化、EGR冷却器散热面积计算和ANSYS建模分析、带EGR的发动机稳态和瞬态标定技术研究等,验证了EGR结合POC和DOC可以使4．5L样机满足国TV排放法规。而EGR＋DOC不能使样机满足国IV排放法规。     

用于重型载货车发动机的先进EGR控制概念

为满足未来的公路排放标准,有必要对重型发动机进行瞬态优化。精确EGR控制对降低发动机排放,满足未来的排放法规很有用。以降低瞬态原始排放为目标,EGR系统的响应时间必须缩短。     

Development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas blend engine for heavy duty vehicles

Natural gas fuel, as an alternative energy source of transportation, has been used widely since it has an advantage of low emission levels. However, new technologies are required in order to meet the reinforced emission regulations. For this purpose, research into the development of hydrogen-compressed natural gas (HCNG) blend engine was carried out to evaluate its feasibility and emission characteristics. The Engine Research Department at the Korea Institute of Machinery and Materials carried out a large number of tests based on various parameter changes that could affect the performance and emission of HCNG engine in different operating conditions. An earlier stage of the research project focused on the lean combustion of a HCNG engine for heavy duty vehicles to meet the EURO-VI standards. An 11-L/6-cylinder CNG engine was used for the test. The effects of the excess air ratio change were assessed based on various content ratios of hydrogen in the natural gas fuel. In the later part of the HCNG research, a stoichiometric mixture operation was suggested to meet reinforced emission regulation without requiring a De-NOx system. Additionally, an exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) system was introduced for the purpose of improving thermal efficiency and durability. The optimal operating conditions were selected to achieve the best thermal efficiency to meet the required emission levels. In this paper, we demonstrate that a HCNG engine can achieve a significant decrease in NOx emissions, as compared to that of a CNG engine, while meeting the requirements of the EURO-VI standards during a transient mode cycle test. EGR can suppress the weakness of stoichiometric mixture combustion strategy, such as the deterioration of the durability and thermal efficiency, while the emission level can be lowered with the use of a three-way catalyst. The possibility of further reduction of emissions and CO2 with EGR was evaluated to access practical application of a HCNG engine in the field. From that evaluation, the HCNG engine with stoichiometric mixture operation for heavy duty vehicles was developed. The emission levels of HCNG engine were 50 % lower when compared to the EURO-VI standards with a greater than 10 % decrease in CO₂ compared to that of a natural gas engine.     

浅谈柴油机满足国IV两条技术路线

近年来,随着人们对环境保护的日趋重视,世界各国对内燃机废气排放的要求变得越来越严格,轻型柴油车开始实施国Iv标准。目前由于机内排放控制并不能完全起到净化效果,因此对已排出燃烧室但尚未排到大气中的废气进行处理,采取机外控制技术显得很有必要。PM和NOx是柴油机主要排放污染物,如何同时降低这两种尾气组成,达到国Ⅳ排放水平,是当今世界柴油机技术的难点和研究热点。本文介绍目前国内满足柴油机国IV排放标准的SCR和EGRDPF／DOC两种主流技术路线。通过对比分析两种系统的原理和优缺点得出适合国内发展的路线,并浅谈未来柴油机排放控制的发展方向。     

Model based burnt gas fraction controller design of diesel engine with VGT/Dual loop EGR system

-Recently, regulation of NOx and PM emission in diesel engines has become stricter and the EGR system has been expanded into a dual loop EGR system to increase EGR rate as well as to utilize exhaust gas strategically. In terms of engine combustion characteristics, burnt gas fraction is becoming an important factor of solving the NOx and PM emission reduction problem more efficiently but conventional controller focused only pressure and air flow rate targets. Unlike the previous studies, this paper describes a model based burnt gas fraction control structure for a diesel engine with a dual loop EGR and a turbocharger. Feedforward control inputs based on burnt gas fraction states aids in the precise control of diesel engines, especially in transient states by considering coupled behavior within the system. For the controller validation, a control oriented reduced order model of a diesel engine air management system is established to simplify the control input computation and its stability is proved by analysing the internal dynamics stability. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed and controller robustness at certain operating points is validated using an HiLS bench.     

基于负阀重叠EGR策略的HCNG发动机仿真

为降低HCNG发动机NOx排放,采用负阀重叠EGR策略,利用AVL-Fire软件对HCNG发动机不同进气门开启角(θIVO)下的进气过程和燃烧过程进行了三维仿真计算,对比分析了采用负阀重叠前后发动机缸内EGR分布和燃烧过程。仿真结果表明:负阀重叠EGR策略下,排气门关闭角(θEVC)固定为340°曲轴转角不变,当θIVO为380°曲轴转角时,既可避免发生回火又能保证一定的进气量及充气效率;采用负阀重叠后,在压缩冲程后期,缸内EGR率呈梯度分布(靠近火花塞位置EGR率较低),更有利于着火及火焰传播;采用负阀重叠可降低缸内最高燃烧压力及最高温度,但会减少进入气缸的新鲜工质,降低发动机功率;通过负阀重叠实现内部EGR可降低NOx排放,但会导致着火困难,燃烧速度变慢;提高点火能量可缩短着火落后期和燃烧持续期,加快燃烧速度。     

Enhancement of NOx-PM trade-off in a diesel engine adopting bio-ethanol and EGR

For realizing a premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) engine, the effects of bio-ethanol blend oil and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) on PM-NOx trade-off have been investigated in a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine with the compression ratio of 17.8. In the present experiment, the ethanol blend ratio and the EGR ratio were varied focusing on ignition delay, premixed combustion, diffusive combustion, smoke, NOx and the thermal efficiency. Very low levels of 1.5 [g/kWh] NOx and 0.02 [g/kWh] PM, which is close to the 2009 emission standards imposed on heavy duty diesel engines in Japan, were achieved without deterioration of the thermal efficiency in the PCCI engine operated with the 50% ethanol blend fuel and the EGR ratio of 0.2. It is found that this improvement can be achieved by formation of the premixed charge condition resulting from a longer ignition delay. A marked increase in ignition delay is due to blending ethanol with low cetane number and large latent heat, and due to lowering in-cylinder gas temperature on compression stroke based on the EGR. It is noticed that smoke can be reduced even by increasing the EGR ratio under a highly premixed condition.     

EGR增压柴油机的燃烧及排放特性研究

在1台增压中冷柴油机上,采用从涡轮前取气回流到压气机后的高压EGR系统,研究了恒定转速不同负荷下发动机的燃烧和排放特性。在同一工况下,随着EGR率增加,压缩终了混合气温度升高,着火延迟期缩短,燃气压力和温度下降,燃烧持续期延长。分析了柴油机燃烧过程及排放污染物的形成机理。研究发现,当发动机负荷由大变小时,随着EGR率增加,CO的形成因受温度控制增幅越来越大,HC受着火延迟期和供氧的影响增幅越来越小,NO_x的降幅几乎随EGR率呈线性变化,而排气烟度则呈二阶多项式趋势的恶化。     

欧Ⅵ天然气发动机关键技术研究

利用GT‐SUITE软件建立天然气发动机湍流火焰预测燃烧模型,结合试验数据验证了模型的计算精度,基于该模型对实现欧Ⅵ排放的当量燃烧路线关键技术,包括增压器匹配、米勒循环、瞬态参数优化进行了分析。研究表明：非对称流道增压器在实现相同EGR率前提下泵气损失最小;米勒循环可以抑制爆震,提升发动机经济性和可靠性,适当减小油门响应速度和增加放气阀响应速度可以降低发动机瞬态超负荷率。研究结果对欧VI天然气发动机开发具有一定指导意义。     

内外EGR和喷油压力对柴油机低温燃烧的影响

在1台装有电液可变气门的单缸柴油机上,通过改变内外EGR策略和喷油压力,对柴油机小负荷工况下低温燃烧的燃烧特性和排放特性进行了试验研究。内部EGR通过排气门两次开启实现,发动机转速和喷油量分别固定为1 500r/min和20mg/cycle。研究结果表明,通过高EGR率控制可以实现超低NOx排放,其中采用高喷油压力可以降低内部EGR的炭烟排放,而采用低喷油压力可以降低外部中冷EGR的HC和CO排放。在内外EGR耦合控制策略中,提高内部EGR比例可以降低HC和CO排放,但改善效果逐渐减弱,同时为了抑制炭烟排放,需要结合更高喷油压力,而提高外部中冷EGR比例可以获得较高热效率。