点蚀损伤船体结构板的极限剪切屈曲强度研究

腐蚀损伤导致船体结构板的极限承载能力大幅度下降。文章采用腐蚀体积描述板的点蚀损伤程度,模拟船体结构板的点蚀损伤形态,在点蚀损伤板模型中变化板的厚度、点蚀数目、点蚀直径以及点蚀分布等要素,实施系列有限元数值模拟计算,在进行理论分析的基础上,采用统计学方法,建立了点蚀损伤板极限剪切屈曲强度的评估方法,得到了点蚀损伤板极限剪切屈曲强度的计算公式。从而确立了基于腐蚀体积的点蚀损伤船体结构板极限剪切屈曲强度的评价技术,可为在役海船点蚀损伤后的安全性评估提供有效的技术手段。     

点蚀、裂纹损伤对船用加筋板剩余极限强度的影响

[目的]长期服役于恶劣海洋环境中的船舶与海洋工程结构,不可避免地会产生裂纹和点蚀,这些损伤会对结构的极限承载能力产生较大影响。为探讨裂纹、点蚀同时存在时对结构承载能力的影响,[方法]采用非线性有限元法开展含裂纹、点蚀损伤的加筋板在轴向压载作用下的极限强度研究。在讨论网格尺寸对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度影响的基础上,开展裂纹点蚀坑相对位置、点蚀数目、裂纹长度对含裂纹、点蚀损伤加筋板剩余极限强度的影响。[结果]计算结果表明,裂纹长度、点蚀的增加会使加筋板的剩余极限强度下降明显。[结论]这些结果可用于指导全寿期船舶与海洋工程结构的设计与维护。     

含初始挠度加筋板的极限承载能力分析

舰船长期服役,甲板结构易产生初始挠度变形,这会对甲板承载能力带来不利影响.加筋板作为船体甲板结构的主要构成单元,研究初始挠度变形对其极限承载力的影响具有重要意义.为了确定初始挠度变形对加筋板极限承载力的影响作用,根据实际情况假设初始挠度为双三角级数形式,利用Ansys计算分析了整体初始挠度的幅值与半波数对极限载荷的影响和典型位置的应力特性,并得到初始挠度对加筋板极限载荷的影响因子计算方法.计算结果分析表明,随着初始挠度的幅值和半波数的增加,加筋板极限承载力逐渐减小;对于含有某种初始挠度的加筋板,其影响因子主要受加筋板的长宽比、厚度和加强筋间距等因素的影响.     

含初始挠度加筋板的极限承载能力分析

舰船长期服役,甲板结构易产生初始挠度变形,这会对甲板承载能力带来不利影响。加筋板作为船体甲板结构的主要构成单元,研究初始挠度变形对其极限承载力的影响具有重要意义。为了确定初始挠度变形对加筋板极限承载力的影响作用,根据实际情况假设初始挠度为双三角级数形式,利用Ansys计算分析了整体初始挠度的幅值与半波数对极限载荷的影响和典型位置的应力特性,并得到初始挠度对加筋板极限载荷的影响因子计算方法。计算结果分析表明,随着初始挠度的幅值和半波数的增加,加筋板极限承载力逐渐减小;对于含有某种初始挠度的加筋板,其影响因子主要受加筋板的长宽比、厚度和加强筋间距等因素的影响。     

点蚀损伤板在复杂受力状态下的极限强度研究

采用非线性有限元软件模拟船底板单面点腐蚀,通过对边缘载荷系数比、蚀坑分布、直径、深度的改变,经过一系列的数值计算分析,结果表明横向载荷和侧压对板的极限强度影响不可忽略,计算板的极限承载能力时需要考虑计及侧压与横向载荷。在复杂受力状态下,就单考虑蚀坑深度时,板表面的蚀坑深度在0~0.5t区间变化时,极限强度相应的折减率比大于1/2板厚时更大,极限强度对蚀坑深度更加敏感。腐蚀面积不能有效表征腐蚀程度,当DOP系数相同时,点蚀后板的最小横截面决定了极限强度的大小。     

考虑腐蚀损伤的双体船连接桥结构极限强度分析

为了解腐蚀损伤对双体船连接结构桥极限强度的影响,采用有限元分析方法,通过数值模拟,计算分析考虑腐蚀情况下铝质双体船连接桥结构的极限强度,建立评估含有点蚀损伤的船体板格结构和加筋板结构极限强度的工程化方法,实船分析结果表明：腐蚀体积是影响板格及加筋板结构极限强度的重要因素,且当腐蚀体积较小时,连接桥区域结构存在不满足极限强度要求的情况。     

多开口甲板板架结构极限承载力实验研究

[目的]为了研究多开口结构形式对甲板板架结构极限承载能力的影响,[方法]以2种不同开口形式的双层板架模型为研究对象,对其在轴向压缩载荷作用下的极限承载能力进行实验研究,对比分析双开口甲板结构和舷侧开口板架结构的失稳破坏模式及极限承载能力,得到多开口甲板板架结构在逐步崩溃过程中甲板各处应力的变化规律。[结果]实验结果表明:开口角隅处应力集中现象明显,随着轴向压缩载荷逐渐增大,开口中部甲板应力急剧上升,多开口结构最终均在最大开口的中部发生失稳破坏;甲板开口尺寸对结构初始轴向刚度的影响显著,舷侧开口结构则在弹塑性变形阶段对极限承载力的影响占主导地位。[结论]所提实验研究方法及结果可为此类甲板结构的设计提供参考。     

轴向压力下含点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度研究

点蚀损伤常发生于船体结构,将会造成结构的局部缺失而影响船舶结构的安全性.针对船体结构的基本构件加筋板,采用非线性有限元法研究轴向压力下点蚀损伤对其极限强度的影响,考虑点蚀位置、直径、数目、深度、点蚀损失体积等影响因素,分析船体加筋板极限应力和屈曲失效模式,获得结构的极限强度,拟合影响因素和加筋板极限强度的关系曲线,定性分析了点蚀损伤对加筋板的破坏.结果表明,点蚀损伤削减了加筋板极限强度;点蚀影响因素(点蚀直径、数目、深度、损失体积)对含点蚀损伤加筋板极限强度的影响近似呈现非线性的二次单调函数关系.     

含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构剩余极限强度评估方法研究

裂纹及腐蚀损伤对于浮式生产储油卸油装置（FPSO）结构来说难以避免,这将削弱结构的极限强度,所以研究含裂纹及腐蚀损伤FPSO结构的剩余极限强度意义重大。目前针对裂纹及腐蚀损伤联合作用下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的研究相对欠缺,本文采用非线性有限元分析方法,研究了不同腐蚀及裂纹损伤组合形式下FPSO结构剩余极限强度的衰减规律。结果表明,腐蚀与裂纹损伤均导致极限强度线性衰减,并且腐蚀损伤对极限强度的影响远大于裂纹损伤。研究结果对FPSO结构的设计、维护与延寿具有一定的参考价值。     

内嵌方框型金属夹层结构连接构件极限强度分析

激光焊接钢质夹层结构在国外已用于实船,其连接构件的强度特性,是尚待解决的关键问题之一。基于有限元分析软件Ansys,分析在面内载荷作用下,I型金属夹层结构内嵌方框型连接构件的失效模式和极限承载能力,并研究不同形式、不同尺寸的初始缺陷,以及连接构件的设计参数对极限载荷的影响规律。结果显示,其失效模式是普通焊接接头处大部分区域均出现塑性变形,形成塑性铰。对于各种类型初始缺陷,随着其尺寸的增大,极限载荷均降低;夹层面板和连接构件水平板的初始缺陷对极限载荷的影响较大,夹层腹板和连接构件垂向板的初始缺陷的影响较小。在控制重量的条件下,欲增大极限承载能力,最有效的途径是增大连接构件水平板的厚度;选取合适的夹层面板端部长度;尽量减小水平板长度。     

Statistical characterization of surfaces of corroded steel plates

The statistical characteristics of corroded steel plate surfaces exposed to marine environments are of interest for assessing longer term structural safety and integrity using probabilistic methods. This requires information about the variability of corrosion loss and pitting over surfaces. The present paper reports on the observed statistical character of the surfaces of 10 large (1.2 m × 0.8 m × 3 mm thick) steel plates exposed in temperate climate marine immersion, tidal and splash zones for 2.5 years. For the analysis the plates were cut into smaller segments that were mechanically scanned to obtain digitised surface topographies. These were then analysed to estimate the correlation structure and the standard deviation of the surface topography. Considerable differences were found for these and for the mean corrosion loss between different exposure zones. For any one segment the surface topography was found to be highly statistically dependent, implying that smaller coupon sizes can provide adequate estimates of corrosion loss. From this it may be inferred that the deepest pits are not statistically independent as commonly assumed in extreme value statistical representations.     

Effect of pitting corrosion on the ultimate strength of steel plates subjected to in-plane compression and bending

Corrosion pits with a circular cone shape are typically observed on coated hold frames of aged bulk carriers which carry exclusively coal and iron ore. In order to ensure the safety of these types of bulk carrier, it is necessary to understand the effect of pitting corrosion on the local strength of hold frames. In order to investigate this effect, a series of nonlinear finite-element (FE) analyses has been performed with pitted plates subjected to in-plane compressive loads and bending moments. It has been shown that the ultimate compression load or bending moment of pitted plates is smaller than that of uniformly corroded plates in terms of average thickness loss, and that predictions of the ultimate strength using the average thickness loss at the minimum cross section would be conservative. In order to establish a method of evaluating strength reduction due to pitting corrosion, it is important to identify the failure mode that would be most detrimentally affected by pitting corrosion. It was found that the reduction of the ultimate compressive load or bending moment due to pitting corrosion is smaller than that of the tensile strength in terms of equivalent thickness.     

Experimental and analytical investigations on the response of stiffened plates subjected to lateral collisions

Rational structural design of ships or offshore platforms against collisions requires prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates generated by lateral impact. In predicting the extent of collision damage, most researchers employ numerical analysis methods using commercial software packages. Like other structural problems, any nonlinear dynamic analysis methods should be substantiated with relevant test data prior to being employed for design. Unfortunately, full-scale collision tests on marine structures are very rare. Still, results from collision tests on marine structural elements can help to substantiate theoretical methods for collision analyses. Lateral collision test data for unstiffened plates are available, but it is difficult to find results from tests on stiffened plates in the open literature. In this paper, the results of lateral collision tests on 33 stiffened plates are reported. A simplified analytical method is developed for the prediction of the extent of damage to stiffened plates due to lateral collisions and this method is substantiated with the test results. Also proposed is a simple criterion with which the occurrence of crack damage can be judged.     

New simplified approach to collapse analysis of stiffened plates

A new simplified model for collapse analysis of stiffened plates is developed in the framework of the idealized structural unit method (ISUM). By idealizing material and geometrical nonlinearities, larger structural units are defined as an element in ISUM than in conventional finite element analysis (FEA). The proposed stiffened plate model consists of ISUM plate elements and beam-column elements. The formulation of the plate element is performed by introducing accurate shape functions to simulate the buckling/plastic collapse behaviour of plate panels. Combining plate and beam-column elements allows for both local buckling of the plate panel and overall buckling of the stiffener.Fundamental collapse modes of plate panels and stiffened plates are investigated by conventional FEA. According to the observed characteristics, the new simplified model is formulated. Comparisons with FEA demonstrate the accuracy of the simplified model and its high applicability to typical stiffened plates in marine structures.     

Computation of ultimate strength of locally corroded unstiffened plates under uniaxial compression

Over the past decades there have been many losses of the merchant vessels due to either accidents or exposure to large environmentally induced forces. The potential for the structural capability-degrading effects of both corrosion and fatigue induced cracks are of profound importance and must be both fully understood and reflected in vessel's inspection and maintenance programme. The present study is focused on assessing the effects of localized pitting corrosion which concentrates at one or several possibly large area on the ultimate strength of unstiffened plates. Over 256 nonlinear finite element analyses (FEA) of panels with various locations and sizes of pitting corrosion have been carried out. The multi-variable regression method is applied to derive new formulae to predict ultimate strength of unstiffened plates with localized corrosion. The results indicate that the length, breadth and depth of pit corrosion have weakening effects on the ultimate strength of the plates while plate slenderness has only marginal effect on strength reduction. Transverse location of pit corrosion is also an important factor determining the amount of strength reduction. When corrosion spreads transversely on both edges, it has the most deteriorating effect on strength. It was also found out that the proposed formulae can accurately predict the ultimate strength of unstiffened plate with localized corrosion.     

太中银铁路地震液化带桥梁深基坑开挖施工技术

对太巾银铁路地震液化带桥梁深基坑开挖的施工技术进行了研究.首先依据太中铁路地震液化带地区的地质特点,详细地分析了地震液化带软上地区桥梁深基坑开挖过程中存在的施T技术问题;提出了真空轻型井点降水、钢管桩围堰和两者相结合的方案来解决太中银铁路地震液化带桥梁深基坑开挖施工过程中可能出现的喷砂冒水和滑坡等灾害.通过分析和试验结果的研究表明,在地震液化带区域采用井点降水和钢管桩围堰及其相结合的方法进行深基坑开挖支护是可行和有效的.     

甲板开口围缘扁钢加强方式研究

针对开大长矩形口的甲板结构,在开口内缘加设围缘扁钢,可以降低角隅处的应力集中。采用参数化分析方法,基于结构有限元数值计算结果,研究不同甲板厚度、开口尺寸和角隅半径时,扁钢长、宽、厚尺寸参数对应力集中的影响,并分析其原因。研究结果表明,随着扁钢尺寸的增大,开口处应力集中系数为先减小后增大,合理地设计扁钢加强方式才能有效降低应力集中。通过参数化计算,提出开口处围缘扁钢加强方式优化设计思想,给出最佳扁钢宽度值、厚度的设计公式及设计图谱,可以为甲板开口加强设计提供参考。     

加筋板结构振动声强可视化研究

基于结构声强法研究了加筋板结构振动能量的传输、分布和耗散特性。首先介绍结构声强分量的计算和声强可视化的相关理论,以及系统功率输入和输出的计算公式。在数值算例中,利用有限元法对3种常见的加筋板模型进行了简谐集中力作用下的响应计算,然后通过编制Matlab程序计算结构声强分量,并进行结构噪声源的定位,实现能量传输和衰减的可视化。同时针对不同的加筋形式对能量传递路径的影响也进行了讨论。研究了不同加筋板阻尼器能量耗散特性。最后以舰船平台板架为例揭示了结构声强技术在舰船振动设计中的应用价值。     

船舶结构钢海洋环境点蚀模型研究之二:实船蚀坑形态与径深比时变模型

文章基于点蚀生长原理与实船蚀坑形态检测数据,对船舶受点蚀构件的两类主要蚀坑的形态、形成机制及其随船龄演化情况作了大致描述.认为遭受点蚀船舶构件的蚀坑形态与其所处位置、服役时间等密切相关;两类蚀坑形态差异的原因在于其各自点蚀进程中的具体控制因素及相应的影响程度存在较大区别.论述证明将点蚀蚀坑径深比处理成随时间变化的函数是有理论和事实依据的;并与点蚀深度模型相结合,依据Yamamoto实测散货船货舱区肋骨蚀坑数据建立了相应的蚀坑径深比时变模型.     

被撞船舷侧典型结构单元的吸能机理分析

为了研究高腹板梁在碰撞过程中的剪切破坏机理.提高对船舶结构碰撞吸能的认识.文章从某油轮舷侧截取典型结构单元--带板梁作为研究对象.基于极限平衡理论和LS-DYNA软件对其碰撞破坏过程进行分析.研究带板梁极限载荷、最大挠度和最大吸能影响因素和计算方法,同时分析弯曲应变能和膜应变能占总吸能的比重.结果表明:单元尺寸和材料极...