可变涡流控制直喷式柴油机排放的试验研究

研制了一种向螺旋进气道入口处喷射空气的可变涡流进气系统———控制涡流型可变涡流进气系统 ,试验研究了该系统对直喷式柴油机排放性能的影响。结果表明 ,该系统在不影响进气充量的情况下 ,可以明显改变直喷式柴油机颗粒 (PM)和 NOx 的排放量     

用双级谐波传动实现汽车发动机凸轮轴调相的研究

汽油机采用ＶＶＡ可改善怠速稳定性，提高中低速外特性扭矩，往往也有一定的节油效果。但ＶＶＡ机构研制难度很大，目前只有个别机构实用。作者研制了一个采用双级谐波传动的调相机构。试验表明，该机构能圆满实现调相功能，其长期工作的可靠性也经受了一定考验，考察了调相对发动机充量系数的影响，计算和实测结果基本一致，在全部转速范围内，充量系数都有提高。     

车用柴油机谐振涡轮复合增压系统的研究

本文介绍了所开发的适合于车用柴油机的脉冲振废气涡轮复合增压系统，对复合增压柴油机进行了试验研究，并与普通涡轮增压柴油机进行了对比，在较宽广的转速范围内测录了进排气管系中压力波动，充量系数及发动机性能参数，研究结果表明，采用该系统对改善增压柴油机低速性能和烟度有很大的潜力。     

含水乙醇蒸气对内燃机充气效率的影响

采用进气道预混合方式,在汽油机(柴油机)上燃用含水乙醇蒸气或者掺烧含水乙醇蒸气。本研究基于等热量假定和等摩尔量假定,计算和分析了掺烧含水乙醇蒸气对内燃机充气效率的影响。计算表明,含水乙醇蒸气完全替代汽油,充气效率有较大幅度下降;柴油机掺烧含水乙醇蒸气对充气效率的影响很小。     

电控发动机进气加热控制检测研究

阐述进气加热对发动机低温起动的重要意义,介绍电控发动机对进气加热的应用,对博世电控系统的进气加热控制予以概述;重点描述进气加热系统的检测,并在潍柴电控发动机上对进气加热系统的控制逻辑及检测策略进行验证;详细分析进气加热过程及加热效果。     

燃油含硫量对柴油机微粒排放影响的研究

选择两台涡轮增压柴油机,一台在发动机试验台上进行ECE R-49试验,另一台4缸、直喷共轨、2 L排量的柴油机装车在汽车底盘测功器上进行NEDC试验,研究了含S量对柴油机PM排放的影响。结果表明,柴油中的含S量对柴油机PM排放有很大影响,减少柴油含S量能直接降低柴油机的PM排放。     

增压柴油机热负荷研究

增压发动机热负荷的增加会影响发动机的使用寿命。针对不同的与燃气直接接触的发动机零件。介绍了具体的测点布置方案及测试方法，并对CA6DFl-27型柴油机进行了实机试验。指出，CA6DFl-27型柴油机在现有功率下不能满足热负荷要求，宜采取各缸进水口位置上移的解决方法。通过对改进后发动机热负荷的测试可以看出。各测点的温度有明显的降低。     

Design of a compressor-power-based exhaust manifold pressure estimator for diesel engine air management

In accordance with the development of hardware configurations in diesel engines, research on model-based control for these systems has been conducted for years. To control the air management system of a diesel engine, the exhaust manifold pressure should be selected as one of the control targets due to its internal dynamic stability and its physical importance in model-based control. However, it is difficult to measure exhaust pressure using sensors due to gas flow oscillation in the exhaust manifold in a reciprocated diesel engine. Moreover, the sensor is too costly to be equipped on production engines. Hence, the estimation strategies for exhaust manifold pressure have been regarded as a primary issue in diesel engine air management control. This paper proposes a new estimation method for determining the exhaust manifold pressure based on compressor power dynamics. With its simple and robust structure, this estimation leads to improved control performance compared with that of general observers. To compensate for the compressor efficiency error that varies with turbine speed, some correction maps are adopted in the compressor power equation. To verify the control system performance with the new estimator, a HiLS (hardware in the loop simulation) of the NRTC mode is performed. Experimental verification is also conducted using a test bench for the C1-08 mode.     

Simulation Study on Thermal Management Strategy to Achieve 99 % SCR Efficiency of a Heavy-Duty Diesel Engine over a Transient Cycle

In this study, NOx conversion characteristics of a urea selective catalytic reduction (SCR) system equipped on a heavy-duty diesel engine were evaluated through engine dynamometer bench tests over a scheduled world harmonized transient cycle (WHTC). Also, based on transient SCR simulations, the thermal management strategy to improve SCR NOx conversion efficiency was investigated. As a result, it was found that a selective increase in exhaust temperature at low temperature period would be a useful measure to increase SCR efficiency on WHTC mode. From the baseline SCR efficiency of around 98 % on WHTC mode, the current simulation results have shown that around 99 % level of SCR efficiency would be achievable by increasing exhaust temperatures with modifying diesel exhaust fluid (DEF) dosage. Another valuable contribution of this study is that the design guidelines for controlling exhaust temperature and DEF injection to obtain a target NOx conversion efficiency are presented for SCR systems of heavy-duty diesel engines on transient operating conditions.     

车用3缸汽油机进排气管的流动特性计算分析

采用一维非定常流动计算模型和程序 ,对车用 3缸汽油机的不同进排气系统流动特性进行了计算分析。计算结果表明 ,长进气支管的进气管比短进气支管的进气管的充量系数高 ,并阐明了其充气特性出现双峰现象的机理及主要影响因素 ,扩压型排气管和容器型排气管均有利于减少排气时的泵气损失     

Integration of a single cylinder engine model and a boost system model for efficient numerical mapping of engine performance and fuel consumption

A numerical engine mapping methodology is proposed for the engine performance and fuel consumption map generation. An integrated model is developed by coupling a single cylinder GT-Power® engine model with a MATLAB/ Simulink® based boost system model to simulate a turbocharged diesel engine over the entire engine operating speed and load ranges within reasonable computational constraints. A single cylinder engine model with the built-in multi-zone combustion modeling option in GT-Power® is configured as a predictive engine model. The cycle averaged simulation result from the engine model is used as the boundary conditions of the boost system including intake and exhaust manifolds and a turbocharger. The boost system model developed in MATLAB/Simulink® platform calculates the intake and exhaust conditions which are fed back to the engine model. The integrated system model predicts the performance and fuel consumption of a turbocharged diesel engine with better predictive capability than mean value engine models. Its computational time is fast enough to simulate the engine over the entire engine operation range compared to multi-cylinder engine models.     

Major sources of hydrocarbon emissions in a premixed charge compression ignition engine

Although premixed charge compression ignition (PCCI) combustion engines are praised for potentially high efficiency and clean exhaust, experimental engines built to date emit more hydrocarbons (HCs) and carbon monoxide (CO) than the conventional machines. These compounds are not only strictly controlled components of the exhaust gas of road vehicles but are also an energy loss indicator. The prime objective of this study was to investigate the major sources of the HCs formed in the combustion chamber of an experimental PCCI engine in order to suggest some effective technologies for HC reduction. In this study, to explore the dominant sources of HC emissions in both operation modes, a single cylinder engine was prepared such that it could operate using either conventional diesel combustion or PCCI combustion. Specifically, the contributions of the top-ring crevice volume in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixture were investigated. To understand the influence of the shape and magnitude of the crevice on HC emissions, the engine was operated with 12 specially prepared pistons with different top-ring crevices installed one after another. The engine emitted proportionally more HCs as the depth of the crevice increased as long as the width remained narrower than the prevailing quench distance. The top-ring-crevice-originated exhaust HCs comprised approximately 31% of the total HC emissions in the baseline condition. In a series of tests to estimate the effects of bulk quench on exhaust HC emissions, intake air was heated from 300K to 400K in steps of 25K. With the intake air heated, HC and CO emissions decreased with a gradually diminishing rate to zero at 375K. In conclusion, the most dominant sources of HC emissions in PCCI engines were the crevice volumes in the combustion chamber and the bulk quenching of the lean mixtures. The key methods for reducing HC emissions in PCCI engines are minimizing crevice volume in the combustion chamber and maximizing intake air temperature allowed based on the permissible NOx level.     

Model based burnt gas fraction controller design of diesel engine with VGT/Dual loop EGR system

-Recently, regulation of NOx and PM emission in diesel engines has become stricter and the EGR system has been expanded into a dual loop EGR system to increase EGR rate as well as to utilize exhaust gas strategically. In terms of engine combustion characteristics, burnt gas fraction is becoming an important factor of solving the NOx and PM emission reduction problem more efficiently but conventional controller focused only pressure and air flow rate targets. Unlike the previous studies, this paper describes a model based burnt gas fraction control structure for a diesel engine with a dual loop EGR and a turbocharger. Feedforward control inputs based on burnt gas fraction states aids in the precise control of diesel engines, especially in transient states by considering coupled behavior within the system. For the controller validation, a control oriented reduced order model of a diesel engine air management system is established to simplify the control input computation and its stability is proved by analysing the internal dynamics stability. Then, a sliding mode controller is designed and controller robustness at certain operating points is validated using an HiLS bench.     

CA1120PK1L2型载货汽车总体设计

目前,载货汽车柴油化是重要的发展方向,而国产柴油机与国际先进水平还有差距.因此,一汽集团在CA1120PK2L2型车的基础上,换装德国道依茨公司生产的BF6M1013E柴油机设计开发了CA1120PKlL2型载货汽车.由于发动机对提高整车动力性、经济性以及满足环保要求等方面都极为重要,因此重点围绕发动机的选择及布置过程,简要介绍了整车的总体设计思想.     

我国柴油轿车的发展前景

面对石油资源匮乏和环境恶化的严峻问题,国内各大汽车研究机构都在努力寻找解决问题的方法。文章介绍了柴油机在经济性和可靠性等方面的优势,阐述了轿车柴油机的先进技术,指出柴油品质、政策限制及对国内柴油机印象不佳是影响我国轿车柴油化的因素,但随着柴油机先进技术的开发和发展,柴油机噪声大及排放等问题会得到很好地解决,柴油机是实现节能减排的良好选择.     

Measurement of hydrocarbon and carbon monoxide emissions during the starting of automotive DI Diesel engines

Most of hydrocarbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions from automotive DI Diesel engines are produced during the engine warm-up period and are primarily caused by difficulties in obtaining stable and efficient combustion under these conditions. Furthermore, the contribution of engine starting to these emissions is not negligible; since this operating condition is highly unfavorable for the combustion progress. Additionally, the catalytic converter is ineffective due to the low engine temperature. In conjunction with adequate engine settings (fuel injection and fresh air control), either the glow plugs or the intake air heater are activated during a portion of the engine warm-up period, so that a nominal engine temperatures is reached faster, and the impact of these difficulties is minimized. Measurement of gaseous pollutants during engine warm-up is currently possible with detectors used in standard exhaust gas analyzers (EGA), which have response times well-suited for sampling at such transient conditions. However, these devices are not suitable for the measurement of exhaust emissions produced during extremely short time intervals, such as engine starting. Herein, we present a methodology for the measurement of the cumulative pollutant emissions during the starting phase of passenger car DI Diesel engines, with the goal of overcoming this limitation by taking advantage of standard detectors. In the proposed method, a warm canister is filled with an exhaust gas sample at constant volumetric flow, during a time period that depends on the engine starting time; the gas concentration in the canister is later evaluated with a standard EGA. When compared with direct pollutant measurements performed with a state-of-art EGA, the proposed procedure was found to be more sensitive to combustion changes and provided more reliable data.     

Nonlinear sliding mode observer for exhaust manifold pressure estimation in a light-duty diesel engine

In this paper, a sliding mode observer is proposed to estimate exhaust pressure for a diesel engine equipped with variable geometry turbocharger (VGT) and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR) systems. Since the exhaust pressure directly affects generation of the VGT power and the EGR rate in the cylinder, the exhaust pressure information is important for precise control of the VGT and EGR systems. In order to estimate the exhaust pressure accurately, a dynamic model of intake and exhaust pressure was derived. Furthermore, the mass flow rate and temperature of the air system in the diesel engines were modeled by consideration of physical phenomena and the thermodynamic law. Based on the developed models, a nonlinear sliding mode observer was designed to estimate the exhaust pressure. Convergence of the proposed observer was verified by the Lyapunov stability criterion. The proposed observer was implemented on a real-time embedded system and validated with the engine experiments. The experimental results show that the observer estimates the exhaust pressure accurately in both steady and transient engine operating conditions. Moreover, as a case study, the estimation results of the proposed observer could be applied for detecting a fault of the EGR system. The fault of the EGR system was detected precisely using the estimation result and the limited sensor information in mass-produced engines.     

GZ机油添加剂对发动机环保性能影响的试验研究

通过对各种汽油机、柴油机进行的有无GZ添加剂时的对比试验,证明了GZ机油添加剂能降低发动机的机械噪声,减少柴油机排气烟度和汽油机的怠速有害排放,改善发动机的环保性能。     

汽车节能环保新技术

对以汽油机、柴油机和HCCI发动机为动力的汽车节能环保控制技术进行了综述,其中包括传统汽油机节能减排主要技术,缸内直喷式(GDl)汽油机的应用现状与技术难点;柴油机先进的燃油喷射技术,进气管理系统及排气后处理技术;HCCI发动机产业化发展方向.结合我国目前现状,讨论了国内汽车内燃机节能减排发展方向和急待解决的问题.     

内燃机进气系统模拟计算新方法研究

采用一种在概念上和方法上都有别于传统数值方法的全新数值模拟方法———时空守恒元和解元法(SE/CE) ,计算分析了内燃机进气系统各参数对充量系数的影响。并以一台 6缸发动机为对象进行了模拟计算和试验测量 ,以检测该方法的鲁棒性、计算精度和计算效率。