胎面花纹对轮胎性能的影响

分析了胎面花纹对轮胎行驶性能、滚阻、磨耗、滑水和噪声特性的影响，介绍了通过胎面花纹设计提高轮胎性能的基本途经和方法。     

Influencing Factor of Hydrodynamic Pressure on Tire in Wet Weather Based on Fluent

动水压强是影响汽车雨天滑水的直接因素.通过建立纵横向花纹轮胎有限元模型,利用Fluent软件模拟不同行驶条件下轮胎所受的动水压强大小以及轮胎不同部位水流速度的分布规律,并根据数据结果回归得出了行车速度、水膜厚度和轮胎花纹深度与动水压强的关系式.结果表明:轮胎所受到的动水压强取决于水膜厚度、胎纹深度及行车速度；随着水膜厚度的增加,动水压强与车速的关系逐渐由非线性向线性转变；行车速度对动水压强的影响最为明显,仅改变轮胎花纹深度不能完全避免车辆滑水.     

考虑动压与路面粗糙度时轮胎湿牵引性能研究

根据流体动力润滑理论,将轮胎黏性滑水问题模拟为胎面单元与路面之间的动压、挤压膜问题,同时考虑了路面粗糙度的影响,建立了轮胎胎面单元黏性滑水问题的数学模型,并进行数值求解。以矩形胎面单元为例分析了胎面单元对轮胎黏性滑水性能的影响。结果表明,轮胎的薄膜湿牵引性能与滑动速度成反比;在考虑路面粗糙度的情况下,引入了膜厚比作为轮胎的薄膜湿牵引性能衡量标准,得出湿牵引性能与路面粗糙度成正比的结论。     

胎面沟槽内异物对轮胎接地特性的影响

接地特性是影响轮胎磨损的重要因素。针对轮胎沟槽嵌入异物可能影响轮胎接地特性参数的问题,以205/55R16型子午线轮胎为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件构建3种不同胎面花纹的轮胎有限元模型,采用控制变量法对比分析静态工况下异物直径大小对胎面接地压力分布及接地面积的影响规律。研究结果表明,胎面接地处因异物与沟槽挤压形成了关于异物对称的空区域,且靠近胎肩一侧面积较大,减小了轮胎有效接地面积;随着异物直径增大,胎面平均接地压力与接地压力偏度值均呈非线性上升,影响程度排序依次为S型轮胎、Z型轮胎、纵沟轮胎,影响轮胎正常磨损。该结果可为进一步研究轮胎瞬态磨损和偏磨损提供参考。     

汽车轮胎侧偏特性影响因素的试验研究

应用轮胎静力学特性试验机，研究了低速条件下3种不同胎面花纹轮胎在干燥路面上的侧偏特性，主要分析了胎面花纹、轮胎负荷和轮胎气压等因素对轮胎侧偏特性的影响。结果表明：轮胎的Fy-α关系曲线形状与胎面花纹形式、轮胎负荷和胎压等均无关。而Mz-α关系曲线变化趋势与胎面花纹无关，却与轮胎负荷和气压有关；在相同试验条件下，顺向花纹轮胎具有更优异的附着性能和侧偏特性。     

基于复杂花纹的子午线轮胎径向刚度特性仿真

基于MSC.Marc非线性有限元分析软件,建立了具有复杂胎面花纹的175/65R14型子午线轮胎三维有限元模型.利用Rebar单元模型模拟橡胶-帘线复合材料,采用Yeoh模型模拟超弹性橡胶材料,仿真分析轮胎从轮辋安装、充气到施加垂向载荷全过程的情况,得到轮胎在不同胎压下的径向刚度特性.通过与试验结果的对比,验证了仿真分析的正确性.     

车辆荷载对沥青路面损坏的影响分析

基于轮胎与路面间接触压力具有很明显的非均布性,根据轮胎胎面花纹的类型,提出荷载简化模型,并利用有限元计算分析不同荷载作用下的沥青路面结构应力。结果表明,轮胎与路面接触面的局部区域内,不同荷载模式的影响相当大。     

轮胎胎面特性对侧偏模型预测精度影响分析

胎面花纹是影响轮胎性能的重要因素。文中以模态参数模型的稳态侧偏模型为基础，从理论推导和实际计算两方面说明胎而花纹刚度的重要性，其对侧偏模型计算结果的影响要大大高于对垂直模型的影响。因此，在确定轮胎解析模型中胎面花纹参数时应首先考虑其对侧偏模型的影响。     

基于 FLUENT 软件轮胎滑水现象模拟研究

基于FL U EN T软件模拟了轮胎滑水产生过程,并计算了不同轮胎花纹、不同车速及不同水膜厚度等条件下轮胎所受动水压强的大小。模拟分析结果表明:①复合花纹轮胎最不易发生滑水,横向花纹次之,纵向花纹最易滑水;②当水膜厚度不变时,同一轮胎所受动水压强随车速的增加而增加,且增长速度随着车速的增加而增加;③当车速不变时,同一轮胎所受动水压强随水膜厚度的增加而增加。以动水压强等于轮胎内部压强时轮胎发生滑水为判断标准,建立了轮胎临界滑水速度与水膜厚度的关系,并根据已有水膜厚度方程,推算出了临界滑水速度与降水量的关系。      

轮胎泵气噪声有限元仿真分析

轮胎花纹槽泵气噪声是轮胎噪声的主要部分之一。在假设轮胎胎面结构与空气完全耦合的条件下建立轮胎横向花纹槽噪声的有限元模型,在施加与速度相关的强制位移条件下对空气中花纹槽泵气噪声进行仿真仿真,验证轮胎花纹槽泵气噪声的机理,同时通过线性迭加轮胎周向单个横向花纹槽的方法,给出轮胎花纹槽整体噪声的频域曲线。     

The mechanisms involved during the wet braking of new and worn tires

ABSTRACT

Tires are used by the customers during several tens of thousands of kilometres, and before their replacement, the driver will encounter a continuous variation of tread depth due to the tire wearing. Although the wet braking labelling demonstrates the performance of the tire in the new stage, it is known that the wet traction evolves with tire wear. In this paper, an in-depth comparison of the wet grip performance of new and worn tires will be conducted, based on the regulatory wet braking test. For this purpose, we propose an original approach to analyse braking test results, which allows breaking down and quantifying the relative importance of the mechanisms involved during this test. This study demonstrates that two main mechanisms are taking place during the entire test: rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The µ value obtained at low speeds reflects the friction potential of the tested tires while the decline of performance at higher speeds is attributed to hydroplaning mechanisms. This analysis is conducted on numerous tires and demonstrates that current regulatory test applied on new tires is focussing mainly on the rubber friction mechanism. The same test applied on worn tires exhibits both rubber friction and hydroplaning mechanisms. The mechanisms decomposition shows that the source of the performance decline from new to worn status varies greatly, some tires having most of their performance loss due to hydroplaning, some others due to rubber friction drop.     

子午线轮胎活络模花纹块精铸模具型腔曲面构造

采用加权曲面参数方程拟合型腔侧壁曲面的算法,实现了子午线轮胎活络模模具型腔曲面的构造。研究了从轮胎平面图提取出花纹块模具轮廓的方法及模具型腔的设计和调整方法。根据花纹平面轮廓沿周向和轴向投影时展开长度不变的原理,计算得到了弯曲后的胎顶和胎底花纹轮廓。根据精度要求,通过将胎顶、胎底轮廓和花纹沟槽侧壁斜截线离散为若干点,并应用加权BSC曲面拟合算法,构造出了型腔侧面参数方程。造型过程和试验结果表明,该曲面拟合算法可以控制加工精度,适用于构造和加工花纹型曲面。     

Prediction procedure for wear distribution of transient rolling tire

As a research method, finite element analysis (FEA) with ABAQUS can help researchers to study throughout the whole process of abnormal tire wear. For precise tread wear simulation, this paper introduces a tire finite element model building method. Then, the model is verified by comparing its simulation results with experiment data. Based on the verified model, tire high-speed rolling procedure is presented by combining steady-state transport analysis and dynamic analysis. To predict the wear distribution, micro tread wear calculation method is described. Finally, the wear prediction procedure of tread mesh evolving is introduced and tire polygonal wear pattern is simulated by this procedure.     

Hydroplaning simulations for tires using FEM,FVM and an asymptotic method

Hydroplaning tires have been frequently simulated using commercial explicit FEM (Finite Element Method) codes. However, these simulations are slow, and the result of the lift force is so oscillatory that the hydroplaning speed cannot be accurately determined. Thus, in the author’s previous study, a new methodology using FDM (Finite Difference Method) code and an FE tire model iteratively was proposed. However, this full iteration method still required a long computation time, especially for patterned tires. Thus, in this study, the full iteration methodology was modified such that no iteration or only one additional iteration was needed at each speed. Then, by applying the full iteration method, no iteration method and one iteration method, the hydroplaning speeds of a straight-grooved tire were determined, and it was noted that the hydroplaning speed obtained from the one iteration method was almost the same as that obtained from the full iteration method. Moreover, the hydroplaning speeds of two patterned tires were determined using the one iteration method, and they were compared with the hydroplaning speeds obtained experimentally.     

轻型货车轮胎接地压力分布实测

利用自主开发的轮胎接地压力测试仪,进行了轻型货车不同花纹和不同使用年限轮胎,在不同轮胎胎压和不同负荷作用下,轮胎的接地压力分布规律测量。实测结果发现:轻型货车轮胎与路面的接触形状更接近于矩形;新胎比旧胎的接地压力要均匀些;轮胎胎压与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与平均接地压力、轮胎负荷与有效接地面积基本上呈线性关系。     

Hydroplaning simulation of a tire in thin water using fem and an estimation method and its application to skid number estimation

To simulate the hydroplaning of a tire, many analytical studies have been performed using commercial explicit FE (Finite Element) codes such as MSC.DYTRAN and LS-DYNA. However, most previous studies on this subject have addressed simulation of hydroplaning for water more than 5 mm deep. Additionally, because a great number of Eulerian elements and Lagrangian elements are typically used to analyze hydroplaning and because multiple analyses should be performed for various water depths, long CPU times are required. In this study, it was found that the traction force and the lift and drag forces between the tire and the road surface could be easily estimated for water shallower than 5 mm using an exponential function based on tire rolling FE simulation results. Furthermore, changes in skid resistance, expressed as SN (skid number), could be estimated for various water depths and vehicle speeds using the method proposed in this study, and the results were proven to be in good agreement with results obtained using the ASTM E274 Pavement Friction Tester.     

关于汽车轮胎出现锯齿形磨损的分析

分析了汽车轮胎产生锯齿形磨损的主要原因，并对各种花纹轮胎的磨损进行了比较。还介绍对ＢＫ６１４１和ＣＫ６４０型公共汽车车以及装用同一花纹轮胎的公共汽车和载货汽车的轮胎锯齿形磨损情况进行了分析对比。