亚低温对新生大鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤大脑皮质神经元一氧化氮合酶表达及血糖水平的影响

通过亚低温对新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑损伤（ＨＩＢＤ）大脑皮质神经元一氧化氮合酶（ＮＯＳ）及血糖水平影响的研究,探讨亚低温对缺氧缺血性脑损伤的保护作用机制。建立新生鼠缺氧缺血性脑病（ＨＩＥ）标准化动物模型,将其随机分为对照组、３１℃亚低温和３４℃亚低温干预组并设立假手术组,应用免疫组化染色观察大脑皮质区ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目,并利用微量血糖监测仪测定血糖。结果表明,缺血缺氧后１２ｈ、２４ｈ,亚低温干预组大脑皮质ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数均显著低于对照组,血糖水平均显著高于对照组。３１℃和３４℃亚低温干预两组间各个时期大脑皮质区ＮＯＳ阳性神经元数目及血糖水平无显著差异。亚低温可通过抑制神经元内ＮＯＳ活性,减少过量ＮＯ的生成,以及提高血糖水平,对缺氧缺血性脑损伤鼠大脑神经细胞起到保护作用     

ONE PROBABLE MECHANISM OF THE LEARNING-MEMORY DAMAGE BY LEAD:THE CHANGES OF NOS IN HIPPOCAMPUS

Leadtoxicityremainsapublicproblemintheworld ,especiallyinthedevelopingcountries.Chronicleadexposurecancauseimpairmentofcog nitivefunctionandsignificantdelaysinbehavioraldevelopment.However ,themechanismsunderly ingtheseimpairmentshavenotbeendefined .Long term potentiation (LTP)isthoughttobeavalidmodeloflearningandmemoryatthelevelofthesynapse[1] .Recently ,nitricoxidesynthase (NOS)hasbeenshowntobeanimportantfactorforforma tionandlastingofLTP[2 ,3 ] .Theremightbesomerelationsamonglead ,LTP…     

一氧化氮、一氧化氮合酶和脊髓型颈椎病、腰椎间盘突出症的关系

目的　探讨一氧化氮 (NO)、一氧化氮合酶 (NOS)在脊髓型颈椎病和腰椎间盘突出症中的作用。方法　测定 48例脊髓型颈椎病患者 ,62例腰椎间盘突出症患者和 45例健康体检者血清中 NO、NOS。结果　显示脊髓型颈椎病和腰椎间盘突出症血清中 NOS和 NO含量与病程有明显相关 :病程在 1年之内 ,病例组血清中 NOS和 NO含量明显高于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 ) ;病程在 1年至 3年之间病例组血清中 NOS和 NO含量与对照组无明显差异 (P >0 .0 5) ;病程在 3年以上 ,病例组血清中 NOS和 NO含量低于对照组 (P <0 .0 1 )。结论　 NOS和 NO的变化和脊髓型颈椎病和腰椎间盘突出症的发病病程明显相关     

大鼠和小鼠脑内的GnRH神经元及其纤维通路——免疫组织化学研究

本文应用ABC免疫酶染色技术,观察了大鼠和小鼠脑内GnRH神经元及其纤维的分布。结果发现90%以上的GnRH神经元胞体集中于终板血管器附近的斜角带一视前内侧区,并向头背侧延至内侧隔核,向尾外侧伸到视上核区。内侧基底下丘脑区未见阳性胞体。GnRH纤维经室周和外侧束终止于正中隆起:在头端存在于其全层和全宽,向后渐分成两束,集中于正中隆起外侧部。对啮齿类与灵长类GnRH系统的差异及其在生殖中的意义进行了讨论。     

酒精诱导的小鼠生殖系统损伤与一氧化氮的关系

目的　研究酒精饲养小鼠精子死亡率和活动率与睾丸一氧化氮 (NO)形成的关系。方法　应用灌胃的方法饲养酒精组小鼠 ,并检测小鼠精子死亡率、活动率以及睾丸NO含量和NOS活性。结果　酒精饲养小鼠精子死亡率明显高于对照组 ,而活动率以及NO含量和NOS活性均低于对照组。结论　酒精诱导小鼠精子质量下降与NO浓度有关     

DISTRIBUTION OF NOS-B1 IN THE MYENTERIC PLEXUS OFRABBIT SMALL BOWELS

Neuronalnitrcoxidesynthase(NOS)'isknowntoproducenitricoxide(NO)fromL--arginineinthepresenceofreducednicodineamideadeninedinucleotidphosphate(NADPH),calmodulin,andcalciumironstl].RecentpharmacologicalandphysiologicalstudieshaveproposedthatNOplayaroleasaneuronalmessengerofnonadrenergic,non-cholinergic(NANC)relaxationinthegastrointestinaltractinvariousmammalst2.3i.AlthoughneuronalNOShasbeenshowntobeidenticaltoneuronalNADPHdiaphoraseinthebrainoftherate.,.andmostofstudieshavereportedthatt…     

GnRH和TRH刺激试验在诊断与鉴别多囊卵巢综合征中的应用

由临床表现、基础生殖激素测定及阴道超声，虽可对大多数多囊卵巢综合征（Polycysticovariansyndrome，PCOS）患者做出正确诊断，但部分病例仍有困难。为解决这一问题，对7例泌乳素（prolactin，PRL）水平升高的PCOS患者（HP－PCOS），12例PRL水平正常的PCOS患者（NPRL－PCOS），7例单纯PRL水平升高患者（HP）及10例正常妇女进行GnRH和TRH刺激试验。结果：刺激试验前，4组基础LH／FSH比值无显著性差异；刺激试验后，两组PCOS妇女峰值时LH／FSH比值显著高于HP及对照组，而HP－PCOS与HP组的PRL反应无差别。提示：GnRH和TRH刺激试验有助于PCOS的确诊及鉴别。     

GUSTATORY RESPONSES OF NEURONS IN THE PARABRACHIAL NUCLEUS OF RATS

Ａｎｕｍｂｅｒｏｆａｎａｔｏｍｉｃａｌ,ｅｌｅｃｔｒｏｐｈｙｓｉｏｌｏｇｉｃａｌａｎｄｂｅｈａｖｉｏｒａｌｅｘｐｅｒｉｍｅｎｔｓｈａｖｅｓｈｏｗｎｔｈａｔｇｕｓｔａｔｏｒｙｉｎｆｏｒｍａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅｎｕｃｌｅｕｓｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｌｉｔａｒｙｔｒａｃｔ(ＮＴＳ) ,ｗｈｉｃｈｉｓｃｏｎｖｅｙｅｄｆｒｏｍｔｏｎｇｕｅｖｉａｔｈｅｃｒａｎｉａｌｎｅｒｖｅｓ (ｆａｃｉａｌ,ｇｌｏｓｓｏｐｈａｒｙｎｇｅａｌ,ａｎｄｖａｇｕｓ) ,ｒｅａｃｈｅｓａｃｏｎｆｉｎｅｄ ｐａｒｔｏｆｔｈｅ ｐａｒａｂｒａｃｈｉａｌｎｕｃ…     

EFFECTS OF QUERCETIN ON MEMBRANE FLUIDITY OF INJURED VASCULAR ENDOTHELIAL CELLS WITH HYPOXIA AND THE LACK OF GLUCOSE

Vascularendothelialcellsinhypoxiaandthelackofglucosecanproducealotofactiveoxygen ,whichresultsinthedamageofendothelialcells .Furthermore,dysfunctionofvascularendothelialcellsistheinitiativestepofatherosclerosisandmayleadtosomeofcardiovasculardiseases[1 ,2 ] .So ,theprotectionofendothelialcellsfromtheinjuryplaysanimportantroleinthepreventionandtreatmentofatherosclerosis,hypertension ,hyperc holesterolaemiaandsoon .Therefore,manyre searchershavebeenlookingforamedicinethatcanhelptomaintainthenorm…     

GnRH前体分子中的GnRH相关肽在大鼠垂体和睾丸的分布

GnRH 相关肽(GAP)是 GnRH 前体蛋白质分子 C-末端56个氨基酸组成的肽。本文应用3种分别抗 GAP N-末端、抗 GAP 中段和抗 GAP C-末端的抗血清,以及免疫组织化学 ABC 法,在大鼠垂体前叶细胞和睾丸间质细胞中染出 GAP 样物质。结果提示 GAP 或其裂解片段对垂体前叶细胞的激素分泌和睾丸间质细胞的功能具有一定的调节作用.     

慢性肾功能衰竭患者血清一氧化氮含量的变化

采用亚硝酸盐间接法测定慢性肾功能衰竭患者不同病变时期和透析前后血清中一氧化氮（ＮＯ）含量的变化，并与年龄相匹配的健康人相比较。结果发现：①肾功能不全代偿期和氮质血症期患者血清ＮＯ与正常对照组无差异，而尿毒症期则明显升高；②血液透析后ＮＯ浓度较透析前明显下降。提示正常浓度的ＮＯ对肾功能起保护作用，但ＮＯ浓度的异常升高则加重肾功能损害。     

THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF THE TOTAL SAPONIN OF DIPSACUS ASPEROIDES ON THE APOPTOSIS OF HIPPOCAMPAL NEURONS INDUCED BY β-AMYLOID PROTEIN

Objective To investigate the effects of the total saponin of Dipsacus asperoides (tSDA) and ginsenoside Rb1 (GRb1) on the apoptosis of primary cultured hippocampal neurons induced by β-amyloid protein (Aβ). Methods Primary cultured hippocampal neurons, the cultures were pretreated with tSDA and GRb1 on 10d for 24 hours respectively. Then the cultures were treated with 35μmol·L-1 Aβ25-35 for 24 hours, observed the changing of survival rate of neurons and the apoptosis of neurons with biochemical analysis combining immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining technique. Results Hippocampal neurons were treated with 35μmol*L-1 Aβ for 24 hours, and survival rate of neurons downed to 52.6%. When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, survival rate of neurons increased 11% to 15%. The findings of immunofluorescent cytochemical double-staining indicated that apoptotic neurons were obviously more than that of the blank group, reaching 43.9%.When neurons were pretreated by tSDA and GRb1, apoptotic neurons were downed to 16.6%, 10.8% respectively. Conclusion tSDA had the same effects as GRb1, protecting the neurons, antagonizing neurotoxicity of Aβ, increasing survival rate of neurons, and reducing apoptotic neurons induced by Aβ.     

慢性肾功能不全患者血清一氧化氮水平及其在血液透析中的变化

应用硝酸还原酶法检测了 31例慢性肾功不全患者及 2 6例血液透析( HD)患者血透过程中血清一氧化氮 ( s- NO)水平的变化。结果表明 :慢性肾衰患者 s-NO水平明显升高 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;合并高血压组 s- NO水平低于无高血压组 ( P <0 .0 5 ) ;HD过程中 s- NO浓度逐渐下降 ,HD2 h、HD4h与透析前比较差别显著 ( P <0 .0 0 1 ) ;透析过程中血压升高与 s- NO下降有一定关系。结论 :慢性肾功衰竭患者 s-NO水平升高可能与肾功能明显减退有关 ;HD能清除硝酸盐 ,透析中 s- NO下降可能是导致透析中血压升高的原因之一。     

对电针反应的大鼠中缝大核神经元的特性

在大鼠中缝大核中记录到100个神经元的单位活动,被分类为伤害兴奋型(59个),伤害抑制型(30个),非伤害感受型(5个)和其它类型神经元(6个)。试验了70个神经元对电针的反应,表明电针可激活各类神经元的活动,使大部分伤害兴奋神经元(69.77%)兴奋,伤害抑制神经元(68.42%)抑制。中脑导水管周围灰质有下行纤维投射到中缝大核中,加强对电针反应神经元的活动。全身应用吗啡对电针反应神经元呈现兴奋、抑制和无作用3种型式,但同电针反应型式之间无明显相关关系,表明中缝大核在针刺镇痛与吗啡镇痛中的作用只是部分重合而不是完全一致。     

EFFECTS OF DIPSACUS ASPER AND VITAMIN E ON THE SS NEURONS IN THE HIPPOCAMPAL FORMATION OF RAT MODELS OF ALZHEIMER‘S DISEASE

Ａｌｚｈｅｉｍｅｒ’ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅ (ＡＤ)ｉｓｔｈｅｍｏｓｔｃｏｍｍｏｎｄｅｍｅｎｔｉａｉｎｔｈｅｓｅｎｉｏｒ ,ａｎｄｔｈｅｒｅｉｓｎｏｃｕｒｅｏｒｅｆｆｅｃ ｔｉｖｅｔｒｅａｔｍｅｎｔ .ＡｌｔｈｏｕｇｈｔｈｅｅｔｉｏｌｏｇｙｏｆＡｌｚｈｅｉ ｍｅｒ’ｓｄｉｓｅａｓｅｉｓｎｏｔｆｕｌｌｙｕｎｄｅｒｓｔｏｏｄ ,ａｃｃｕｍｕｌａｔｉｎｇｅｖｉｄｅｎｃｅｄｅｍｏｎｓｔｒａｔｅｓｔｈａｔｂｏｔｈｔｈｅｃｏｎｃｅｎｔｒａｔｉｏｎｏｆｔｈｅｓｏｍａｔｏｓｔａｔｉｎ (ＳＳ)ａｎｄｔｈｅＳＳｎｅｕｒｏｎｓｉｎｔｈ…     

THE ROLE OF RED NUCLEUS IN THE MODULATION OF SPINAL NOCICEPTIVE TRANSMISSION AND IN NOCICEPTION ELICITED BY MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS

RNiswellknownasanimportantnucleusinmotorcontrolofextra pyramidalsystem .However ,anatomicalstudieshaverevealedthatasignificantproportionoftherubrospinalfibersterminatesintheventralportionofthedorsalhorn (laminaeⅤ Ⅵ ) ,andinpartoftheintermediatehorn (laminaeⅦ ) .Suchterminaldistributionsuggestthatrubro spinalneuronsmaymodulatetheresponsesofdorsalhornneuronsinvolvedintherelayofsomatosensorycutaneousinformationtomorerostrallevelsofner voussystem .ThereareevidencesthatRNstimula tionaffectsnoc…     

大鼠下丘脑室旁核大细胞自发电活动及对去甲肾上腺素反应的增龄性变化

应用神经垂体逆向电刺激,于下丘脑室旁核内用玻璃微电极细胞外记录的方法寻找室旁核神经内分泌大细胞,并观察了３ 月龄、１２ 月龄及２６ 月龄三组大鼠室旁核大细胞的自发放电及对脑室注射去甲肾上腺素（Ｎｏｒｅｐｉｎｅｐｈｒｉｎｅ ,ＮＥ）反应的增龄性变化。结果发现,不同月龄组室旁核大细胞中呈慢不规则、快连续及位相型放电的神经元的比例相似;随增龄室旁核大细胞的自发放电频率增加;室旁核中加压素与催产素神经元对脑室注射ＮＥ的反应发生增龄性变化。这些结果提示：下丘脑室旁核大细胞电生理特性发生增龄性变化,并可能因此导致其分泌功能的变化     

THE ROLE OF NUCLEUS RAPHE MAGNUS IN THE ANTINOCICEPTIVE EFFECT OF MUSCLE SPINDLE AFFERENTS IN THE RAT

Previous studies revealed that stretching thehindlimb muscles of rats of systemically adminis-trating succinylcholine(SCH) for activation of theafferents of muscle spindle receptors markedly de-pressed the responses of neurons in the spinal dor-sal horn to noxious stimulation[1,2 ] ,and thisantinociception was reduced significantly by tran-section of the spinal cord[2 ] ,suggesting that thesupraspinal structures might be involved in theantinociception elicited by activation of the musclespindl…     

AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON REMOVAL OF NOx IN FLUE GAS AT THENONEQUILIBRIUM PLASMA

Removal of nitrogen oxides (NOx) in flue gas by means of nonequilibrium plasma technology is a very prospect and attractive method. As the nonequilibrium plasma micro discharges can generate a powerful energy flux, imparted to the flue gas, the molecules and atoms of pollutants are motivated and decomposed, and then NOx in the flue gas are decomposed and conversed in the particular conditions. Based on nonequilibrium plasma in combination with catalytic principle, an experimental investigation on NOx decomposition and conversion with AI2 03 catalysts was carriedout and the NOx removal rate up to 95% was obtained. The NOx decomposition and conversion principle with AI2O3 catalysts was also discussed.