汽车轮胎侧偏特性影响因素的试验研究

应用轮胎静力学特性试验机，研究了低速条件下3种不同胎面花纹轮胎在干燥路面上的侧偏特性，主要分析了胎面花纹、轮胎负荷和轮胎气压等因素对轮胎侧偏特性的影响。结果表明：轮胎的Fy-α关系曲线形状与胎面花纹形式、轮胎负荷和胎压等均无关。而Mz-α关系曲线变化趋势与胎面花纹无关，却与轮胎负荷和气压有关；在相同试验条件下，顺向花纹轮胎具有更优异的附着性能和侧偏特性。     

轮胎非稳态侧偏特性的建模

分析了轮胎侧偏特性的建模机理，从胎面的印迹侧向变形和胎体的侧向平移变形出发，计算出运动状态下轮胎印迹瞬时变形的数学表达式，建立了考虑胎面弹性的轮胎非稳态侧偏特性模型。最后，将该理论模型与试验结果进行了对比。     

利用试验模态参数建立轮胎非稳态侧偏模型

在对轮胎垂直特性和稳态侧偏特性建模的基础上，利用由轮胎模态试验提取的试验模态参数建立了轮胎非稳态侧偏模型，该模型考虑了印迹的动态变形和胎宽的影响，对印迹进行离散化并初步计入了速度对非稳态性的影响，推导出侧向力和回正力矩关于侧向位移和摆动角的传递函数的解析公式，可以计算不同载荷下的非稳态特性，计算结果与文献中的试验结果相符，建模和计算结果说明利用试验模态参数可以方便地建立轮胎的非稳态特性，计算结果与     

胎面沟槽内异物对轮胎接地特性的影响

接地特性是影响轮胎磨损的重要因素。针对轮胎沟槽嵌入异物可能影响轮胎接地特性参数的问题,以205/55R16型子午线轮胎为研究对象,利用Abaqus软件构建3种不同胎面花纹的轮胎有限元模型,采用控制变量法对比分析静态工况下异物直径大小对胎面接地压力分布及接地面积的影响规律。研究结果表明,胎面接地处因异物与沟槽挤压形成了关于异物对称的空区域,且靠近胎肩一侧面积较大,减小了轮胎有效接地面积;随着异物直径增大,胎面平均接地压力与接地压力偏度值均呈非线性上升,影响程度排序依次为S型轮胎、Z型轮胎、纵沟轮胎,影响轮胎正常磨损。该结果可为进一步研究轮胎瞬态磨损和偏磨损提供参考。     

轮胎滚动速度效应对轮胎侧偏动特性的影响

在利用试验模态参数建立轮胎侧偏非稳态模型基础上，本文重点分析了轮胎滚动速度效应对侧偏动特性的影响。解析模型计算结构的变化趋势和文献的试验研究结果一致。表明计入轮胎滚动所带来的速度对侧偏动特性的影响是不可忽略的，它会对不同速度下行驶汽车的操稳性及横向振动产生影响。滚动速度效应对轮胎侧偏特性影响的成功建械表明了利用模态参数对轮胎建模的优越性。     

考虑胎宽时的轮胎非稳态侧偏特性模型

计算出运动状态下轮胎印迹纵向瞬时变开的数学表达式。在考虑胎宽影响的条件下，建立了车轮输入分别为转动角与侧向位移、侧偏角与转含蓄经时的轮胎非稳态侧偏模型（传递函数）。根据该模型计算出的频率响应特性与试验结果相符，为汽车方向操纵运动仿真，前轮摆振和汽车动态响应等研究提供了反映物理实质的轮胎非稳态侧偏理论模型。     

基于环模型的轮胎有限元建模与仿真研究

为了提高仿真模型的计算效率,基于环模型理论系统研究了轮胎二维有限元模型的建模技术、参数确定方法和轮胎包容特性分析技术.从试验与仿真结果对比分析可知,利用有限元方法基于轮胎REF模型建模,在对轮胎胎侧弹性进行非线性模型修正后,得到的轮胎低速滚动仿真结果与试验结果基本吻合,验证了轮胎模型的有效性,同时为车辆一地面系统虚拟试验提供了一种实时高精度的轮胎面内特性仿真建模方法.     

带复杂花纹的轮胎滑水显式动力学分析

以205/55R16型半钢子午线轮胎为参考轮胎,利用组合类保角映射簇建模法构建了3种不同胎面花纹的轮胎有限元分析模型.利用该模型进行载荷一下沉量及流体压力一行驶速度分析结果表明.轮胎有限元模型和骨架材料的等效简化方法以及滑水求解策略有效.在此基础上,考察了胎面花纹形态对轮胎滑水性能的影响.结果表明.S型轮胎和V型轮胎由于横向花纹沟的存在,滑水性能优于纵沟胎.     

胎面花纹对轮胎性能的影响

分析了胎面花纹对轮胎行驶性能、滚阻、磨耗、滑水和噪声特性的影响，介绍了通过胎面花纹设计提高轮胎性能的基本途经和方法。     

胎面单元对轮胎薄膜湿牵引性能的影响

在潮湿的天气或雨后，轮胎胎面或路面上存在一层很薄的水膜，该水膜使车辆行驶的牵引力降低。建立了轮胎胎面单元挤压膜问题的数学模型，并进行了数值求解，分析了胎面单元的几何参数，液膜厚度和柔性对轮胎薄膜湿牵引性能的影响，为轮胎胎面花纹的合理设计提供了理论依据。     

轮胎非稳态转向特性非线性仿真模型

本文以轮与路面之间的滑移速度为出发点，在稳态指数统一模型的基础上，建立了轮胎非稳态转向特性非线性仿真模型。在实验研究中，发现了动态过程回正力臂和附加的回正力矩的滞后特性。仿真和试验结果对比表明，该模型足以反映轮胎非线性转向特性，可用于前轮及汽车操纵动力学仿真方面的研究。     

Study on Tire Dynamic Cornering Properties Using Experimental Modal Parameters

Based on the modeling of tire vertical characteristics and steady cornering properties, the model of tire nonsteady cornering is established in this paper using tire modal parameters extracted experimentally. In order to consider the influence of tire rolling effect on its cornering properties, the induced transfer function is introduced. The analytical formulae for calculation of transfer-function of lateral force and self-aligning torque with respect to lateral displacement and yaw angle are derived. The nonsteady cornering characteristics of tire under different loads can be calculated. The results of calculation are consistent with the experimental ones in the literature. The influence of rolling speed on tire cornering properties including the static case is analyzed. The nonsteady cornering properties in high frequency range are given by the model. The study demonstrates the consistency between steady and nonsteady tire modeling by using modal parameters.     

Study on Tire Dynamic Cornering Properties Using Experimental Modal Parameters

Based on the modeling of tire vertical characteristics and steady cornering properties, the model of tire nonsteady cornering is established in this paper using tire modal parameters extracted experimentally. In order to consider the influence of tire rolling effect on its cornering properties, the induced transfer function is introduced. The analytical formulae for calculation of transfer-function of lateral force and self-aligning torque with respect to lateral displacement and yaw angle are derived. The nonsteady cornering characteristics of tire under different loads can be calculated. The results of calculation are consistent with the experimental ones in the literature. The influence of rolling speed on tire cornering properties including the static case is analyzed. The nonsteady cornering properties in high frequency range are given by the model. The study demonstrates the consistency between steady and nonsteady tire modeling by using modal parameters.     

A two-dimensional tire model on uneven roads for vehicle dynamic simulation1

This study proposes a comprehensive analytical tire model for handling and ride comfort in low frequency ranges. A contact algorithm that is developed in this study provides a two-dimensional contact pressure distribution on even and uneven road surfaces with reasonable computational cost. Shear stresses and strains during cornering and braking are estimated by direct measurement of tread deformations. The model is validated against experimental force and moment data for general handling simulations. Cleat tests are also conducted and validated under different forward velocity and vertical load conditions for a tire vibration study.     

Establishment of Model for Tire Steady State Cornering Properties using Experimental Modal Parameters

Modeling of tire cornering properties using experimental modal parameters is studied. With tire lateral experimental modal parameters, the distribution of side force and lateral deformation under total adhesive and sliding conditions are obtained. Side force, self-aligning, cornering stiffness and relaxation length under different loads and friction coefficients are also calculated. The calculated results are in correspondence to experimental results in the references qualitatively. The non-dimensional side force obtained from the calculated results is compared with the Fiala model, its modified expression by experiments and also the widely used empirical Magic Formula model. The calculated results tally well with the fitted results obtained using Magic Formula model. It can be seen that the tire steady state cornering model using experimental modal parameters proposed in this paper is better for an in-depth study of tire natural characteristics, and the labored experimental work can be avoided.     

Establishment of Model for Tire Steady State Cornering Properties using Experimental Modal Parameters

Modeling of tire cornering properties using experimental modal parameters is studied. With tire lateral experimental modal parameters, the distribution of side force and lateral deformation under total adhesive and sliding conditions are obtained. Side force, self-aligning, cornering stiffness and relaxation length under different loads and friction coefficients are also calculated. The calculated results are in correspondence to experimental results in the references qualitatively. The non-dimensional side force obtained from the calculated results is compared with the Fiala model, its modified expression by experiments and also the widely used empirical Magic Formula model. The calculated results tally well with the fitted results obtained using Magic Formula model. It can be seen that the tire steady state cornering model using experimental modal parameters proposed in this paper is better for an in-depth study of tire natural characteristics, and the labored experimental work can be avoided.