带舭龙骨柱体的横摇阻尼的粘性流计算

文章用RANSE求解器计算在自由面上带舭龙骨二维柱体的横摇水动力系数(附加惯量和阻尼).采用有限体积法(VOF)和两相流技术在时间域内求解柱体横摇强迫振荡所扰动的带自由面粘性流场.由柱体所受到的横摇水动力矩的时间历程导出横摇水动力系数.文中所给算例与已公开发表的试验结果吻合令人满意.     

规则迎浪中船舶参数横摇的三维时域预报方法研究

参数横摇是船舶因复原特性改变而引起的典型非线性现象。文章采用三维时域方法预报规则迎浪中船舶的参数横摇运动。该方法引入匹配面将流域分为内域和外域,内域中采用Rankine源来满足物面条件和线性自由面条件,而外域中应用时域格林函数来满足线性自由面条件和远场辐射条件。数值方法中,Froude-Krylov力和恢复力是通过对船舶瞬时湿表面积积分获得,同时考虑了横摇、垂荡和纵摇三自由度之间的耦合作用,以及非线性横摇阻尼的影响。数值结果与试验结果吻合很好,说明该方法可以有效地预报参数横摇。     

厚翼剖面的空泡特性研究

本文用奇点法解厚翼剖面局部空泡绕流问题。求解时精确考虑了空泡表面是一条流线的运动学边界条件,空泡表面压力为常数的动力学边界条件,以及水翼湿表面是一条流线的运动学边界条件,用迭代法求出了空泡表面的形状、压力分布等水动力特性,并与实验结果作了比较,得较好结果。     

URANS prediction of roll damping for a ship hull section at shallow draft

It is analytically difficult to calculate roll damping of ships due to the effects of viscosity. Therefore, computational fluid dynamics (CFD) has become a powerful tool in predicting roll damping recently. The unsteady flow around a forced rolling hull section with bilge keels can be calculated using a commercial URANS code which includes the viscous effects. In this study, two-dimensional (2D) roll damping calculations for a S60 midsection with bilge keels including free surface effects are performed for shallow draft case. The first objective of the study is to show whether the URANS code can be used to predict roll damping coefficient correctly. The second one is to show why Ikeda’s estimation method is insufficient at shallow draft case. Sinusoidal forced roll motion calculation method of roll damping moment with the help of a sliding interface and a fixed roll axis is successfully applied to predict roll damping coefficient. The calculations are carried out for different roll motion periods and amplitudes to validate the accuracy of the URANS code for different cases. Numerical results are compared with experiments, which were carried out at the towing tank facility of Osaka Prefecture University (OPU), and Ikeda’s estimation method. The results show that the URANS code is capable of predicting roll damping coefficients in a good agreement with experimental results and can be used further to develop a better model for prediction of roll damping.     

Time-domain TEBEM method for mean drift force and moment of ships with forward speed under the oblique seas

A numerical method for solving 3D unsteady potential flow problem of ship advancing in waves is put forward. The flow field is divided into an inner and an outer domain by introducing an artificial matching surface. The inner domain is surrounded by ship wetted surface and matching surface as well as part of the free surface. The free surface condition for the inner domain is formulated by perturbation about the double-body flow or uniform incoming flow assumption. The outer domain is surrounded by matching surface and the rest free surface as well as infinite far-field radiation boundary. The free surface condition for the outer domain is formulated by perturbation about uniform incoming flow. The simple Green function and transient free surface Green function are used to form the boundary integral equation (BIE) for the inner and outer domains, respectively. Taylor Expansion Boundary Element Method (TEBEM) is utilized to solve the double-body flow and inner domain and outer domain unsteady flow BIE. Matching conditions for the inner domain flow and outer domain flow are enforced by the continuity of velocity potential and normal velocity on the matching surface. Direct pressure integration on ship wetted surface is used to obtain the first-order and second-order wave forces (moments). The numerical predictions on the displacement, added resistance, sway mean drift force and yaw mean drift moment of the modified KVLCC2 ship at different forward speeds are investigated by the proposed TEBEM method. It is also compared with the other numerical results. The physical tank experiment results are also developed to validate the accuracy of numerical tank results. Compared with the experiment solutions, a good agreement can be obtained by TEBEM method.

     

货舱内液化矿砂晃荡机理及数值计算研究

装载含水量较高矿砂的船舶在长时间摇摆和振动时,装载的矿砂会出现液化现象,其中的水分会析出,并在矿砂表面形成自由液面.受液化矿砂的粘性流动及表层液面的影响,运输该类货物的船舶易发生倾覆事故.建立了载有液化矿砂的三维货舱数值模型,探讨了货舱晃荡时矿砂液面、壁面载荷以及货舱横摇力矩的变化规律等;结合横摇实验现象对液化矿砂晃动机理和危害性进行了初步验证.结果表明：货舱内粘性矿砂的流动滞后于货舱的横摇运动,因而货舱横摇力矩的变化与货舱运动存在着相位滞后的关系,其最大值发生在货舱处于最大晃动角度后返回到平衡位置的过程中;货舱回摇过程中,倾侧的液化矿砂不能及时回流,会在一侧产生堆积,进而增加船舶倾侧力矩,最终可能会导致船舶倾覆.     

流体与结构砰击的全非线性模拟:综述（英文）

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method(BEM). Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes(1) vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion,(2) liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body,(3) similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional(2D), axisymmetric and three dimensional(3D) cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

电磁力控制翼型三维绕流场特性的数值研究

在弦长雷诺数Re_L=2.97×10~6下,采用脱体涡模拟方法对弱电解质中电磁力作用下翼型绕流场特性进行了数值模拟,研究了电磁力作用控制翼型失速攻角时绕流场中三维流动特性及失速问题的规律和机理。结果表明:电磁力作用可有效改善翼型周围的流场结构,显著减小翼型绕流场三维特性,并使翼型表面流体动能增加,当电磁力作用足够大时,其表面涡量转变为正向涡量。同时,电磁力作用可增加翼型升力,减小阻力,显著减小升阻力脉动特性,提高翼型升阻比,还可以显著延缓翼型失速特性,增加失速攻角,提高工作性能。     

Fully nonlinear simulation for fluid/structure impact: A review

This paper presents a review of the work on fluid/structure impact based on inviscid and imcompressible liquid and irrotational flow. The focus is on the velocity potential theory together with boundary element method （BEM）. Fully nonlinear boundary conditions are imposed on the unknown free surface and the wetted surface of the moving body. The review includes （1） vertical and oblique water entry of a body at constant or a prescribed varying speed, as well as free fall motion, （2） liquid droplets or column impact as well as wave impact on a body, （3） similarity solution of an expanding body. It covers two dimensional （2D）, axisymmetric and three dimensional （3D） cases. Key techniques used in the numerical simulation are outlined, including mesh generation on the multivalued free surface, the stretched coordinate system for expanding domain, the auxiliary function method for decoupling the mutual dependence of the pressure and the body motion, and treatment for the jet or the thin liquid film developed during impact.     

全非线性方法对于沉浸双圆柱定常前行运动引起自由表面流的研究（英文）

The free surface flow generated by twin-cylinders in forced motion submerged beneath the free surface is studied based on the boundary element method. Two relative locations, namely, horizontal and vertical, are examined for the twin cylinders. In both cases, the twin cylinders are starting from rest and ultimately moving with the same constant speed through an accelerating process. Assuming that the fluid is inviscid and incompressible and the flow to be irrotational, the integral Laplace equation can be discretized based on the boundary element method. Fully-nonlinear boundary conditions are satisfied on the unknown free surface and the moving body surface. The free surface is traced by a Lagrangian technique. Regriding and remeshing are applied, which is crucial to quality of the numerical results. Single circular cylinder and elliptical cylinder are calculated by linear method and fully nonlinear method for accuracy checking and then fully nonlinear method is conducted on the twin cylinder cases, respectively. The generated wave elevation and the resultant force are analysed to discuss the influence of the gap between the two cylinders as well as the water depth. It is found that no matter the kind of distribution, when the moving cylinders are close to each other, they suffer hydrodynamic force with large absolute value in the direction of motion. The trend of force varying with the increase of gap can be clearly seen from numerical analysis. The vertically distributed twin cylinders seem to attract with each other while the horizontally distributed twin cylinders are opposite when they are close to each other.     

Modeling oil spills in a river—lake system

A general model shell, ROSS3, is developed for simulating oil spills in complex river systems using techniques which have not been previously exploited in oil spill models. ROSS3's new approach has several advantages over the approach to model oil spills in the past: (a) The use of a time-varying boundary-fitted coordinate system that allows accurate accounting for complex river/lake boundary as well as the river boundary changes as its water levels fluctuate; (b) The ability to confine two-dimensional hydrodynamic computations to a limited river reach; (c) The ability to interactively layout the channel networks for setting up the model, define extra cross sections to increase the accuracy if needed, in addition to the traditional data entry and visualization interfaces.ROSS3 is a two-layer two-dimensional oip spill model that can simulate the mechanism of advection, horizontal diffusion, mechanical spreading, shoreline deposition, evaporation, dissolution, vertical mixing, resurfacing and sinking. In ROSS3 spilled oil may be a surface slick or suspended oil droplets, or a combination of both. Both free surface and ice cover conditions can be simulated. The flow of conditions can be varied and the unsteady flow model can be run within ROSS3 to simulate the flow conditions in both the river and the lake. The ice conditions can be added or removed from the model input using easy interactive procedures.     

一种计算水翼水动力的三维面元法

本文用Rankine奇点面元法计算了深、浅水中三维水翼的定常升力绕流。水翼的厚度和升力效应分别以水翼表面分布的Rankine源和法向偶极子来模拟,在自由表面上也分布Rankine源,通过满足相应的边界条件和尾缘处的Kutta条件求出这些奇点强度。以在自由表面下作小攻角定常运动的水翼为例进行了计算,计算结果与试验结果和其他计算结果作了比较。     

带首鳍斜支柱SWATH水动力的数值研究

该文是将CFD软件FLUENT用于带首鳍斜支柱SWATH粘性流场计算的一个尝试和探索性研究,重点在对有自由液面模型的研究.文中详细模拟了不带自由表面和带有自由表面的情况下有首鳍和不带首鳍,以及在带有自由表面的情况下首鳍0度攻角和5度攻角时SWATH周围的粘性流场,计算了其所受到的阻力和力矩,数值模拟与实验结果大体上吻合良好.     

浅水中低速斜航船舶水动力预报及验证与确认分析

浅水中的斜航船舶受到浅水阻塞效应和不对称流的综合影响。为预报该运动中的船舶水动力,文章采用基于定常雷诺平均纳维—斯托克斯方程的计算流体动力学方法,对浅水中做斜航运动的船舶粘性绕流场进行数值模拟。考虑低航速运动的特点,忽略航速影响下的自由面兴波,由数值计算得到水动力系数在漂角影响下的变化规律。针对计算精度问题,在数值模拟中从验证和确认角度分析和评估计算结果：通过网格收敛性分析分析数值误差与不确定度;结合试验数据考察计算模型的误差。此外,从计算区域尺度、湍流模型、边界条件、船体下沉和纵倾作用方面对模型误差的影响因素进行探讨,可为改进计算模型、提高数值模拟精度提供参考依据。     

Comparative measurements on the flow structure of a marine propeller wake between an open free surface and closed surface flows

In order to investigate the effects of a free surface on the wake behind a rotating propeller, experiments were carried out in a circulating water channel for two cases: one with an open free surface and one with a closed free surface covered by a rigid plate. Four hundred instantaneous velocity fields were measured using a two-frame particle image velocimetry (PIV) technique at four different blade phases. These were ensemble-averaged to investigate the time-averaged flow structure in the near-wake region. For a surface ship, the flow behind the propeller is influenced by the hull wake and the free surface. The phase-averaged mean velocity fields show the potential wake and the viscous wake formed by the boundary layers developed on the blade surfaces. The interaction between the bilge vortices and the incoming flow along the ship’s hull deforms the wake structure. Tip vortices are generated periodically, and the slipstream contraction occurs in the near-wake region. The free surface was found to affect the axial velocity component and vortex structure behind the propeller. As the flow goes downstream, the tip and trailing vortices dissipate due to turbulent diffusion and active mixing with adjacent vortices.     

水面舰船附近气泡运动数值模拟

当气泡在自由面和水面舰船附近运动时,两者的存在均会对气泡脉动产生影响。基于不可压缩势流理论,采用边界元方法对边界积分方程进行求解。针对建立自由面需要大量的网格,且处理自由面与水面结构交界面时数值不稳定,采用考虑自由面效应的格林函数取代基本格林函数,通过与自由面附近气泡轴对称模型的计算结果进行对比,验证了该方法的有效性。通过对舰船结构附近的气泡运动射流特性进行模拟,发现当药包在舷侧和自由面附近爆炸时,气泡射流可能不会完全作用在舰船上,自由面效应的存在削弱了气泡的打击能力。     

绕船体自由面周围三维粘性流场的数值模拟

本文采用有限体积法通过求解不可压缩的雷诺平均(RANS)方程数值模拟了包括兴波的三维船体周围的粘性流场,湍流模式使用了子网格尺度模式(SGS)和Baldwin-Lomax模式相结合的混合模式.对于自由表面的处理,采用了任意拉格朗日-欧拉方法,网格为不仅与物体表面贴体,而且与自由表面贴体的动网格,即随着自由表面的变化要不断地重新划分网格.虽然此方法需要很长的计算时间,但能较好地描述船体的兴波情况.本文计算了系列60船模在Fn=0.316,Re=1.9×106时带自由面的粘性流场,计算结果与试验结果吻合较好.，An finite - volume method solving of incompressible RANS Equations is developed for the numeri-cal simulation of three - dimensional viscous flow with free - surface about a ship. A hybrid turbulence mod-el by combining the sub - grid scale (SGS) model and the Baldwin- Lomax model is used in this pa-per. The arbitrary - Lagrange - Euler formulation is devised for the treatment of free surface boundary condi-tion. The boundary - fitted coordinate system is fitted not only to the ship hull surface but also to the freesurface, so the computational grid is regenerated to follow the free surface deformation. Although this methodneeds spend much longer computational time, but it can fairly display wave pattern made by a ship. The nu-merical simulation has been carried out for viscous flow with free surface past Series 60 ship hull at Fn =0. 316, Re = 1.9 × 106. The computed results are in reasonable agreement with experimental measure-ments.     

A numerical study of nonlinear wave interaction in regular and irregular seas: irrotational Green–Naghdi model

The irrotational Green–Naghdi model for nonlinear wave propagation in deep water is developed to simulate the irregular sea surface of a given directional wave spectrum. The model is derived from Hamilton's principle with a depthwise approximation to the flow field. The nonlinear boundary conditions are exactly satisfied on the actual free surface, and the continuity equation is satisfied exactly within the fluid domain. The ‘level’ of approximation in the depthwise direction is optimally chosen to simulate a given wave spectrum accurately with minimum computational effort. Several numerical techniques also are introduced to cut the computational cost further. Numerical results for two-dimensional nonlinear waves are presented.     

Influence of turbulence closure models on the vortical flow field around a submarine body undergoing steady drift

Manoeuvring underwater vehicles experience complex three-dimensional flow. Features include stagnation and boundary layer separation along a convex surface. The resulting free vortex sheet rolls up to form a pair of streamwise body vortices. The track and strength of the body vortex pair results in a nonlinear increase in lift as body incidence increases. Consequently, accurate capture of the body vortex pair is essential if the flow field around a manoeuvring submarine and the resulting hydrodynamic loading is to be correctly found. This work highlights the importance of both grid convergence and turbulence closure models (TCMs) to the strength and path of the crossflow-induced body vortices experienced by the DOR submarine model at an incidence angle of 15°. Five TCMs are considered; Spalart–Allmaras, k-ε, k-ω, shear stress transport, and the SSG Reynolds stress model. The SSG Reynolds stress model shows potential improvements in predicting both the path and strength of the body vortex over standard one- and two-equation TCMs based on an eddy viscosity approach.     

基于稳定性理论的张力腿平台横摇固有周期分析

文章以稳定性理论为基础提出了一种张力腿平台横摇固有周期计算模型,分析了横摇临界角对平台横摇稳定性的影响,并将其应用于分析平台设计参数对横摇固有周期的影响。提出在一个横摇周期里,最后稳定横摇临界角对应的时间历程为1/4横摇固有周期这一假设,基于此假设,编制计算机计算程序,计算横摇运动中每一个横摇角,判断其稳定性,找出一个横摇周期内最后稳定横摇临界角对应的时间历程,求解横摇运动固有周期。考虑两种横摇阻尼情况,计算不同初始横摇角、横摇下沉位移、张力腱长度、平台重量和横摇阻尼的横摇固有周期,论证了平台设计参数对横摇固有周期的影响。该计算模型克服了从结构角度计算固有周期工作量大、计算周期长、计算结果不可靠的弱点,使横摇固有周期计算简单、有效。通过与不考虑横摇阻尼的情况对比,分析了横摇阻尼对横摇固有周期的影响。可以快速计算处于设计阶段或者已服役张力腿平台横摇固有周期。结合一型设计中的张力腿平台,应用文中提出的横摇固有周期计算模型对该平台进行了横摇固有周期的计算,并且分析了平台参数对横摇固有周期的影响。结果表明该方法可以对张力腿平台横摇固有周期进行快速计算。并可推广应用于其它海上结构物的横摇固有周期计算。