水面水下声起伏特性建模仿真与分析

为了解决水面和水下目标进行分类这一难题,本文从起伏特性的角度出发,对舰船辐射噪声进行特征提取。首先利用PM海浪谱模拟随机起伏界面,运用积分方程方法近似计算了海面起伏界面的散射强度,根据散射强度模拟信号幅度包络的变化规律,并基于信号的物理特征和幅度包络的特征设计了相关器。这样对接收到的信号进行包络提取,并将提取到的包络通过相关器处理得到相关系数,最后根据对相关系数的判断实现对水面和水下目标的分类。本文测试了不同深度下的声源,仿真结果验证了根据相关系数判断水面水下目标是可行的,并通过实验数据进一步验证了算法的有效性。     

水下机器人在潜艇附近的附加质量及受力情况研究

传统对水下机器人附加质量和受力分析的方法因网格划分比较复杂,导致分析精度低、适用性差等,提出水下机器人在潜艇附近的附加质量及受力情况分析方法。在建立潜艇与机器人空间相对坐标系的基础上,利用流体力学原理计算水下机器人受到的附加质量。使用Ansys软件对机器人模型进行网格划分,从而分析机器人的受力情况。通过仿真实验,验证了提出方法的分析精度高并且适用范围更广。     

Vortex-induced vibrations of piggyback pipelines near the horizontal plane wall in the upper transition regime

Slender subsea structures like pipelines, jumpers and umbilicals when exposed to currents may experience vortex-induced vibrations (VIV), which can shorten their fatigue life and increase the risk of structural failure. In the present study, flow around different configurations of a piggyback pipeline close to a flat seabed has been investigated using the two-dimensional (2D) Unsteady Reynolds-Averaged Navier Stokes (URANS) equations with the k − ω Shear Stress Transport (SST) turbulence model. The Reynolds number (based on the free stream velocity and large cylinder diameter) is equal 3.6 × 10⁶ corresponding to upper-transition regime. The drag forces acting on the cylinders and base pressure coefficient value are well predicted by the present simulations, while the other hydrodynamic quantities (root-mean-square lift coefficient, Strouhal number) are predicted reasonably well as compared to published experimental data. The piggyback pipeline in the present study is modeled as two circular cylinders with a diameter ratio d/D = 0.2 (D denoting diameter of the large cylinder, d is diameter of the small cylinder). These two cylinders are clamped together at a distance G/D = 0.2. The two rigidly coupled cylinders are elastically supported and free to vibrate in two degrees of freedom. The effects on the vibration amplitudes and hydrodynamic forces are analyzed. The flow structures around the cylinders are investigated to explain the variations in observed structural responses. Depending on the angular position (α) of the small cylinder, the lock-in regime is narrower (α = 0°) or significantly wider (α = 180°) when compared to that of a single cylinder.     

水下机器人在潜艇附近的附加质量及受力情况研究

军用舰艇为了提高探测效率和侦察精度,往往需要配置功能各异的水下机器人。水下机器人隐蔽性好,可以实现不同水深的信号采集等功能。水下机器人和潜艇在相同流体下的动力学特性相互影响,研究其水动力参数对水下机器人控制和优化具有重要的意义。本文针对水下机器人在潜艇附近的附加质量和受力分析,建立两者的流体动力学模型,并在此基础上完成了水下机器人仿真和有限元分析。     

水下爆炸气泡对水面舰船载荷的数值研究

文章基于势流理论采用边界积分法求解拉普拉斯方程,阐述水面舰船附近三维爆炸气泡脉动过程的计算模型.通过数值计算获得气泡运动规律的同时,着重研究爆炸气泡对船体的载荷.计算结果揭示出爆炸气泡对水面舰船的整体破坏作用.     

Modeling gas dissolution in deepwater oil/gas spills

Gases in deepwater oil/gas spills can lose considerable amounts of the gas phase due to dissolution in water. Gas dissolution has a significant impact on the behavior of the oil/gas jet/plume because of its impact on the buoyancy. A method is presented in this paper for computing gas dissolution that covers a broad range of water depth, from shallow water where gases behave as ideal ones under low pressure to deepwater where gases behave as non-ideal ones under high pressures. The method presented also accounts for the spherical and non-spherical shapes of gas bubbles. The gas dissolution computations are validated by comparing the computed results with observed data from previously conducted laboratory experiments. The gas dissolution computation module is then integrated with a model for underwater oil/gas jets/plumes by Yapa and Zheng [J. Hydraul. Res. 35 (5) (1997) 673]. Scenario simulations are presented to show the impacts of gas dissolution on the behavior of jets/plumes. These scenarios show the impact of dissolution on the behavior of the jet/plume. The comparison of results using ideal gas conditions and non-ideal gas conditions is also shown.     

神经网络算法在海底声源非线性特性的数学建模

基于声源探测及目标检测跟踪系统在海底开发领域中的应用越来越广泛,而由于海水温度的不平衡以及海面多经衰落等影响,声波信号在海底的传输呈现非线性特性。本文在研究海下声波传输特性的基础上,利用神经网络对海底声波传输模型进行数学描述,并利用参数阵来建立声波非线性模型,最后对算法进行仿真分析。     

远场水下爆炸流场建模方法

针对远场水下爆炸中流场模型的标准化进行研究。分析流场大小对结构的低频和高频响应的影响,结果表明:流场半径取为结构半宽的4～6倍时,可确保模型具有足够的计算精度。通过对比均匀划分流场和渐变划分流场,得出:当渐变率为3时,既可保证足够计算精度,又可大大降低计算时间。     

力-声互易在水下声源强度测量中的应用

针对水下声源强度测定问题,提出一种互易评估的测量方法。对常规测试方法和力-声互易评估方法进行理论分析,利用双层圆柱壳体模型在消声水池中进行研究和试验验证,得到无指向性水下声源的体积速度。对2种测试方法的结果进行对比,分析其适用性和准确性。结果表明,互易评估结果和常规测试结果趋势一致,差值不超过3 d B。力-声互易评估方法能够有效地测定声源体积速度,为今后的互易应用研究提供参考。     

水下高速航行体超空泡流动研究进展

介绍超空泡流动特性、空化器设计、航行体稳定性的理论建模和实验研究;对超空泡流动进行数学模拟,发展合理的空化模型、湍流模型等,并对该领域的研究方向进行了展望。     

掩埋弹性球壳声散射建模与分析

给出了掩埋弹性物体的声散射理论模型，然后对弹性球壳声散射进行了数值计算，并将计算结果与自由声场中所得到的结果进行了比较分析。结果表明，掩埋目标尽管受目标临近界面、海底衰减和海底物质负载的影响，一定条件下，掩埋在海底中的弹性目标仍然像在水中一样表现出共振散射行为，后散射信号中同样包含有利于目标识别的弹性信息。     

近自由面水下爆炸冲击波切断效应研究

近自由面水下爆炸形成的冲击波到达自由面时会反射稀疏波,并伴随着水面的上升、破碎和飞溅等复杂物理现象。文章基于无网格SPH方法建立了近自由面水下爆炸数值模型,开发了计算程序,模拟了冲击波和自由面反射的稀疏波的相互作用过程,分析了切断现象的特性、产生机理以及对冲击波参数的影响。研究发现,爆心正上方且距自由面较近处,稀疏波作用最强;近自由面爆炸冲击波冲量可衰减为无限水域爆炸的1/3左右。文中的研究旨在探索冲击波在自由面处的传播规律,并为近自由面水下爆炸载荷的确定提供参考。     

船后喷水推进器水下辐射噪声源脉动流场的数值计算

为避免尺度效应对噪声性能的影响,文章研究探索了在实尺度条件下装船后喷水推进器噪声声源的数值计算方法。首先,基于分离涡模型对国外某喷水推进泵内部非定常流场进行了数值模拟,将计算得到的不同转速下泵的功率值与厂商提供数据进行对比,最大误差在2.0%以内,验证了数值计算方法的准确性和有效性。其次,完成了实尺度条件下某"船体+喷水推进泵+进水流道"系统带自由液面的非定常流场的数值计算。提取了实船条件下喷水推进器流道进口处的不均匀速度场,将其加载到单个喷水推进器数值计算模型的进口边界。进而,采用分离涡模型对该船后"喷水推进泵+进水流道"内部非定常流场脉动压力进行数值计算,分析了各个特征截面压力脉动的频域特性,为下一步准确计算喷水推进器噪声提供了有效的脉动流场信息。     

潜艇上方近场水下辐射噪声双峰特性的实验研究(英文)

The double-peak characteristic of underwater radiated noise in the near field on top of the target submarine was analyzed in depth on the basis of submarine test data on the sea. The contribution of three major noise sources to the radiated noise of a submarine were compared and analyzed, and emphasis was put on the original source, production mechanism, and their correlative characteristics. On the basis of analysis on underwater tracking and pass through characteristics of the target submarine, the double-peak phenomenon was reasonably interpreted. Furthermore, the correctness of the theoretical interpretation was verified adequately in real submarine tests. The double-peak phenomenon indicates that the space distributing character on submarine radiated noise are both asymmetrical with time and space, whereas that is provided with directivity. Studying the double-peak phenomenon in depth has important reference value and meaning in engineering practice for understanding the underwater radiated noise field of submarines.     

舰船尾气流泡层散射函数分析

船舶航行过程中,螺旋桨对转动气压、航行震荡引起的水面波浪及空气流中的气体流动,这些综合因素会在船舶尾部形成大量的气泡。这些气泡的形成可能影响海水的温度并造成光学反射现象,对其气泡的形成原理及光学热学等特性分析可以更好的研究海洋环境变化。本文研究船舶尾气泡层的形成机理,利用Mik理论详细分析气泡的光学特性,对气泡散射函数进行数学模型分析,通过动态的数据处理过程模拟气泡层的变化,最后通过实验对理论分析进行验证。     

横流中水下气泡运动特性模型对比研究

为更好地研究水下气泡的运动规律,开展横流作用下水下气泡的运动特性模型研究。首先以动量定理为基础,推导横流中水下高速气体的射流轨迹模型;其次依据牛顿定理,对水下气泡进行受力分析,建立横流中单气泡的运动数学模型;最后采用龙格-库塔法对2个模型进行求解与分析。结果表明,2个计算模型在各自的气泡速度范围内,能够模拟对应的气泡运动轨迹,而随着横流速度的不断增加,计算结果误差越来越大。研究结果为水下气泡在复杂流场中的运动特性研究提供参考。     

入射声源对水下艇体散射场影响研究

简要介绍了用Helmholtz积分公式和Kirchhoff公式计算简单刚性几何形状目标的散射场过程,给出了水中壳体目标声散射的求解方法;基于Sysnoise软件在固定入射角下,改变入射波频率对水下艇体散射场进行仿真,得出频率对场点压力的影响;在固定入射波频率下,改变入射角度对艇体的散射场进行仿真,得出了不同入射角下散射场的指向特性.对轴对称的艇体,除平行轴线入射外,散射指向性呈非对称特性.在相同入射条件下,艇体目标的声散射特性基本符合角平分线规律.散射场压力的最大值出现在几何镜反射的方向上.     

小攻角下航行体三维非定常空泡形态理论预示方法

小攻角下水下航行体高速运动时会形成不对称、非定常空泡,空泡形态是水下流体动力及弹道设计的主要依据。该文基于空泡独立膨胀原理,考虑横流对独立空泡发展的影响,建立了带攻角状态下空泡形态理论计算模型。针对典型工况开展计算获得了航行体迎背流面空泡长度、空泡压力变化过程,并与试验数据进行比对以验证模型的合理性。     

An experimental study on the dynamic response of a hull girder subjected to near field underwater explosion

An experiment of hull girder model subjected to near field underwater explosion at midship is implemented. High-speed photography is applied to achieve the time history of hog displacement of the hull girder model subjected to shock wave of undex. The determination method of hog distortion using these show-motion pictures is presented. The experiment also achieves the local plate distortion of the hull girder model. Based on these works, the damage mechanism and mode of hull girder subjected to near field undex at midship are discovered. Finally, the coupling effect between whole motion of hull girder and distortion of local structure is discussed.     

水面舰艇舷侧防雷舱结构水下抗爆防护机理研究

在文献[1]朱锡等人关于水面舰艇舷侧防雷舱结构模型抗爆试验研究结果的基础上,分析了水面舰艇舷侧防雷舱各层防护结构在舷侧遭受水中兵器接触爆炸时的破坏模式,从能量的角度计算了各个防护层的吸能率.提出能量流的概念,揭示了水面舰艇舷侧防雷舱的防护机理,从而为防雷舱的防护设计提供了理论基础.