天然海水中HE15/MDN138和HE15/MDN250合金的原电池反应（英文）

HE15 is a heat treatable high strength alloy with excellent machinability find wide applications in aerospace and defence industries. In view of their excellent mechanical properties, workability, machinability, heat treatment characteristics and good resistance to general and stress corrosion cracking, MDN138 MDN250 have been widely used in petrochemical, nuclear and aerospace industries. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of the metal combinations HE15/MDN138 and HE15/MDN250, with 1:1 area ratio, has been studied in natural seawater using the open well facility of CECRI's Offshore Platform at Tuticorin for a year. The open circuit potentials of MDN138, MDN250 and HE15 of the individual metal, the galvanic potential and galvanic current of the couples HE15/MDN138 and HE15/MDN250 were periodically monitored throughout the study period. The calcareous deposits on MDN138 and MDN250 in galvanic contact with HE15 were analyzed using XRD. The electrochemical behaviors of MDN138, MDN250 and HE15 in seawater have been studied using an electrochemical work station. The surface characteristics of MDN138 and MDN250 in galvanic contact with HE15 have been examined with scanning electron microscope. The results of the study reveal that HE15 offered required amount of protection to MDN138 MDN250.     

海水中HE 20/MDN 138&HE 20/MDN 250合金电化学腐蚀行为研究（英文）

In view of their excellent mechanical properties, workability and heat treatment characteristics, MDN 138 MDN 250 have been widely used in missile, rocket and aerospace industries. With light weight and high performance characteristics HE 20 aluminium alloy acts as an important material in defence and aerospace applications. The galvanic corrosion behaviour of the metal combinations HE 20 / MDN 138 and HE 20 / MDN 250, with 1:1 area ratio, has been studied in natural seawater using the open well facility of CECRI's Offshore Platform at Tuticorin for a year. The open circuit potentials of MDN 138, MDN 250 and HE 20 of the individual metal, the mixed potential and galvanic current of the couples HE 20 / MDN 138 and HE 20 / MDN 250 were periodically monitored throughout the study period. The calcareous deposits on MDN 138 and MDN 250 were analysed using XRD. The results of the study reveal that that HE 20 has offered required amount of protection to MDN 138 MDN 250.     

海水管道控制阀中与旁路阀门相关的挑战（英文）

Modern processing plants use a variety of control loop networks to deliver a finished product to the market. Such control loops,like control valves, are designed to keep process variables such as pressure, temperature, speed, flow, etc. within the appropriate operating range and to ensure a quality product is produced. All control valves have a bypass so that production can proceed if maintenance is needed for the control valve as part of the control loop. The important point is that in both operation and maintenance situations, the bypass valve and the control valve should have approximately the same flow capacity to provide nearly the same amount of pressure. This paper presents a case study in seawater service on the selection of manual bypass valves for a 16″ control valve in class 150 and titanium material. A 16″ butterfly valve of class 150 was chosen for the control valve bypass, which provided a much higher flow capacity than the control valve. In this paper, four solutions are recommended to achieve the same coefficient value(Cv) for the control and bypass valve. Using the reduced size butterfly valve could be the cheapest and best solution. On the other hand, selecting the same control valve for bypass line is the most expensive but maybe the most reliable solution. Using a flow orifice for throttling could be ranked as the second expensive option and the second reliable one. Selection of butterfly valve for throttling is the second cheapest option, but it has the least reliability. Different parameters such as space and weight saving, cost as well as reliability have been considered in evaluation of different solutions.     

船船水动力相互作用的CFD分析研究（英文）

A numerical study of ship-to-ship interaction forces is performed using a commercial CFD code, and the results are compared with experimental data and with the results of a panel method analysis. Two ship models have been used in the interaction forces analysis: a tug and a tanker, advancing parallel to each other with different lateral distances and two different values of the fluid depth. Computations are carried out with four different flow models: inviscid and viscous flow with the free surface modeled as a rigid wall and inviscid and viscous flow with the deformable free surface. A fair agreement was obtained with available experimental data and results obtained by panel method. The influence of viscosity in the computations is found to be comparatively weak, while the wavemaking effects may be important, at small magnitude of the horizontal clearance.     

水波与双圆型透水板的相互作用（英文）

In this paper we have investigated the reflection and the transmission of a system of two symmetric circular-arc-shaped thin porous plates submerged in deep water within the context of linear theory. The hypersingular integral equation technique has been used to analyze the problem mathematically. The integral equations are formulated by applying Green's integral theorem to the fundamental potential function and the scattered potential function into a suitable fluid region, and then using the boundary condition on the porous plate surface. These are solved approximately using an expansion-cum-collocation method where the behaviour of the potential functions at the tips of the plates have been used. This method ultimately produces a very good numerical approximation for the reflection and the transmission coefficients and hydrodynamic force components. The numerical results are depicted graphically against the wave number for a variety of layouts of the arc. Some results are compared with known results for similar configurations of dual rigid plate systems available in the literature with good agreement.     

基于MPS-FEM耦合方法研究波浪与结构的相互作用（英文）

Nowadays, an increasing number of ships and marine structures are manufactured and inevitably operated in rough sea. As a result, some phenomena related to the violent fluid-elastic structure interactions(e.g., hydrodynamic slamming on marine vessels, tsunami impact on onshore structures, and sloshing in liquid containers) have aroused huge challenges to ocean engineering fields. In this paper, the moving particle semi-implicit(MPS) method and finite element method(FEM) coupled method is proposed for use in numerical investigations of the interaction between a regular wave and a horizontal suspended structure. The fluid domain calculated by the MPS method is dispersed into fluid particles, and the structure domain solved by the FEM method is dispersed into beam elements. The generation of the 2D regular wave is firstly conducted, and convergence verification is performed to determine appropriate particle spacing for the simulation. Next, the regular wave interacting with a rigid structure is initially performed and verified through the comparison with the laboratory experiments. By verification, the MPS-FEM coupled method can be applied to fluid-structure interaction(FSI) problems with waves. On this basis, taking the flexibility of structure into consideration, the elastic dynamic response of the structure subjected to the wave slamming is investigated, including the evolutions of the free surface, the variation of the wave impact pressures, the velocity distribution,and the structural deformation response. By comparison with the rigid case, the effects of the structural flexibility on wave-elastic structure interaction can be obtained.     

海洋环境中Al-xZn-xMg三元合金牺牲阳极稳定性和极化电位变化（英文）

In this paper, the effects of zinc(Zn) and magnesium(Mg) addition on the performance of an aluminum-based sacrificial anode in seawater were investigated using a potential measurement method. Anodic efficiency, protection efficiency, and polarized potential were the parameters used. The percentages of Zn and Mg in the anodes were varied from 2% to 8% Zn and 1% to 4% Mg. The alloys produced were tested as sacrificial anodes for the protection of mild steel in seawater at room temperature. Current efficiency as high as 88.36% was obtained in alloys containing 6% Zn and 1% Mg. The polarization potentials obtained for the coupled(steel/Al-based alloys) are as given in the Pourbaix diagrams, with steel lying within the immunity region/cathodic region and the sacrificial anodes within the anodic region. The protection offered by the sacrificial anodes to the steel after the 7th and 8th week was measured and protection efficiency values as high as 99.66% and 99.47% were achieved for the Al-6%Zn-1%Mg cast anode. The microstructures of the cast anodes comprise of intermetallic structures of hexagonal Mg3Zn2 and body-centered cubic Al2Mg3Zn3. These are probably responsible for the breakdown of the passive alumina film, thus enhancing the anode efficiency.     

海水风机与不同类型基座耦合的非稳态流动分析（英文）

Environmental effects have an important influence on Offshore Wind Turbine(OWT) power generation efficiency and the structural stability of such turbines. In this study, we use an in-house Boundary Element(BEM)—pan MARE code—to simulate the unsteady flow behavior of a full OWT with various combinations of aerodynamic and hydrodynamic loads in the time domain. This code is implemented to simulate potential flows for different applications and is based on a three-dimensional first-order panel method. Three different OWT configurations consisting of a generic 5 MW NREL rotor with three different types of foundations(Monopile, Tripod, and Jacket) are investigated. These three configurations are analyzed using the RANSE solver which is carried out using ANSYS CFX for validating the corresponding results. The simulations are performed under the same environmental atmospheric wind shear and rotor angular velocity, and the wave properties are wave height of 4 m and wave period of 7.16 s. In the present work, wave environmental effects were investigated firstly for the two solvers, and good agreement is achieved. Moreover, pressure distribution in each OWT case is presented, including detailed information about local flow fields. The time history of the forces at inflow direction and its moments around the mudline at each OWT part are presented in a dimensionless form with respect to the mean value of the last three loads and the moment amplitudes obtained from the BEM code, where the contribution of rotor force is lower in the tripod case and higher in the jacket case and the calculated hydrodynamic load that effect on jacket foundation type is lower than other two cases.     

模拟流体-弹性结构相互作用分析的ISPH-TLSPH耦合方法研究（英文）

A fully Lagrangian algorithm for numerical simulation of fluid-elastic structure interaction(FSI) problems is developed based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics(SPH) method. The developed method corresponds to incompressible fluid flows and elastic structures. Divergence-free(projection based) incompressible SPH(ISPH) is used for the fluid phase, while the equations of motion for structural dynamics are solved using Total Lagrangian SPH(TLSPH) method.The temporal pressure noise can occur at ...     

深海载人潜水器球形耐压壳上多裂纹的相互作用及其影响（英文）

This study investigates the interaction and influence of surface cracks on the spherical pressure hull of a deep-sea manned submersible.The finite element model of the spherical hull is established,and a semi-elliptical surface crack is inserted in the welding toe of the spherical hull as the main crack.Considering the combined effect of external uniform pressure and welding residual stress at the weld toe,the stress intensity factor(SIF) is obtained based on the M-integral method.Inserting disturbing cracks at different positions on the spherical hull surface,the interaction and influence between multi-cracks are revealed by numerical calculation.The results show that the existence of the disturbing crack has a great influence on the stress intensity factor of the main crack,and the influence is different with the different location of disturbing crack.The study of the interaction of multiple cracks under different interference factors and the influence of disturbing cracks on the main crack can provide some reference for future engineering applications.     

变压场中蒸汽泡的动力学研究（英文）

This paper presents analytical and numerical results of vapor bubble dynamics and acoustics in a variable pressure field.First, a classical model problem of bubble collapse due to sudden pressure increase is introduced. In this problem, the Rayleigh–Plesset equation is treated considering gas content, surface tension, and viscosity, displaying possible multiple expansion–compression cycles. Second, a similar investigation is conducted for the case when the bubble originates near the rounded lead...     

疲劳评估中结构计算的不确定性传播（英文）

Offshore wind substations are subjected to uncertain loads from waves, wind and currents. Sea states are composed of irregular waves which statistics are usually characterized. Irregular loads may induce fatigue failure of some structural components of the structures. By combining fatigue damage computed through numerical simulations for each sea state endured by the structure, it is possible to assess fatigue failure of the structure over the whole deployment duration. Yet,the influence of the ...     

灌溉/降雨渠道中的水力发电水轮机的试验研究（英文）

The development of microchannels with open flow for use in irrigation and rainy areas is challenged by electricity generation via hydrokinetic devices in shallow and low velocity flows. Conventional hydrokinetic turbines are known to be highly dependent on current speed and water depth. Another drawback of conventional turbines is their low efficiency. These shortcomings lead to the need to accelerate the flow in the channel system to enhance the extracted power. The method of deploying a novel turbine configuration in irrigation channels can help overcome the low performance of conventional hydrokinetic turbines. Therefore, this study experimentally presents a bidirectional diffuser-augmented channel that includes dual cross flow/Banki turbines. Results show that the maximum efficiency of the overall system with two turbines is nearly 55.7%. The efficiency is low relative to that of hydraulic turbines.Nevertheless, the result can be considered satisfactory given the low head of the present system. The use of this system will contribute to a highly efficient utilization of flows in rivers and channels for electrical energy generation in rural areas.     

试验型水下滑翔机的动力学分析及实验（英文）

水下滑翔机是一种新型的无推进装置的水下运载器,它是由净浮力来驱动的,同时通过内部的直线驱动器来改变重心的位置以实现姿态的调节。对于大多数水下滑翔机,浮力机构是通过改变自身排水体积来实现的,文中介绍了一种变重量的水下滑翔机的设计、动力学分析以及实验过程,该浮力调节机构主要由单向水泵和三位五通电磁阀组成,最大下潜深度为30米。文中介绍了水下滑翔机的运动方程和动力学特性,并且给出了在稳定时刻的解,并且通过计算流体力学的方法对水下滑翔机的水动力特性进行了分析。仿真和实验结果证明了该水下滑翔机的可靠性及实用性。     

复杂地形影响下的波浪与穿透水面的物体相互作用的数值研究（英文）

In this paper, wave-body interactions under the effects of complex topography are investigated numerically by a two-phase incompressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes(RANS) solver in OpenFOAM. A submerged bottom-standing structure is distributed below the floating body, and the effects of the water depth and top width of the submerged structure on wave-body interactions are studied. The results show that the submerged structure can affect wave loads and roll motion. The vertical force can be amplified on the fixed body when the water depth of the submerged structure is smaller than half of the water depth of the body. The top width significantly affects the vertical force when the top width is smaller than the incident wave length and larger than the body width. For the free-rolling body, roll amplitude can be increased when the ratio of the incident wave length to the water depth of the submerged structure is large enough. On the resonance condition, roll amplitude is slightly reduced by the submerged structure. The effects of the top width on roll amplitude are remarkable when special conditions are fulfilled.     

波浪中船底空泡对振动吸收的研究（英文）

Bottom ventilated cavitation is the successfully proven ship drag reduction technology, but the impact of sea waves on ships with bottom cavities is the substantial concern for a broad technology implementation. The influence of waves on vertical force experienced by such ships is analyzed in this paper using a perturbation technique. The unperturbed cavity shape at given Froude number and cavity length was found from a nonlinear steady ideal fluid problem. The ship response to an impact of a wave of the given length and amplitude is considered as the one-frequency perturbation. This perturbation was found by combined consideration of compressible flow in the cavity and incompressible flow in the surrounding water. Computational examples relate to an earlier tested model with the bottom cavity restricted by skegs. The vertical forces on the model with bottom cavities and in cavitation-free conditions were compared in head and following seas. It was found that within the major part of the consider range of wavelengths the cavity acts as a shock absorber significantly reducing the vertical force pulsation and ship acceleration in waves.     

基于高阶面元法的浅水域中船—船水动力相互作用数值预报（英文）

文章开发了一种基于非均匀有理B样条(NURBS)的三维高阶面元法对浅水域中两船会遇和追越时的船-船水动力相互作用进行预报。该方法采用NURBS精确表达船体曲面,采用配置点法满足离散的边界积分方程,在边界面上的源强分布确定之后采用B样条表达物面速度势分布。基于低速假设,忽略了自由面的兴波效应,采用无穷镜像法处理刚性自由面和浅水效应,采用时间步进法在时域内求解速度势。将文中计算结果与基于RANS方程求解的CFD方法和细长体理论方法计算结果比较,验证了该方法的有效性。在此基础上,分别在不同水深、船间横向间距和船速下进行了系列的计算,分析了这些因素对船-船水动力相互作用影响。结果表明,在相同的工况下,船-船会遇时相互作用力比追越时更大,对水深变化更敏感,而对横向间距不如追越时敏感。     

浅水中半小水线面双体船概念设计的阻力分析（英文）

Resistance analysis is an important analytical method used to evaluate the hydrodynamic performance of High Speed Craft(HSC). Analysis of multihull resistance in shallow water is essential to the performance evaluation of any type of HSC. Ships operating in shallow water experience increases in resistance because of changes in pressure distribution and wave pattern. In this paper, the shallow water performance of an HSC design concept, the semi-Small Waterplane Area Twin Hull(semi-SWATH) form, is studied. The hull is installed with fin stabilizers to reduce dynamic motion effects, and the resistance components of the hull, hull trim condition, and maximum wave amplitude around the hull are determined via calm water resistance tests in shallow water. These criteria are important in analyzing semi-SWATH resistance in shallow water and its relation to flow around hull. The fore fin angle is fixed to zero degrees, while the aft fin angle is varied to 0o, 5o, 10o, and 15o. For each configuration, investigations are conducted with depth Froude numbers(Fr H) ranging from 0.65 to 1.2, and the resistance tests are performed in shallow water at the towing tank of UTM. Analysis results indicate that the resistance, wave pattern, and trim of the semi-SWATH hull form are affected by the fin angle. The resistance is amplified whereas the trim and sinkage are reduced as the fin angle increases. Increases in fin angle contribute to seakeeping and stability but affect the hull resistance of HSCs.     

波浪中母船干扰下潜水员梯的运动及水动力特性分析（英文）

潜水员梯是通过销轴连接在母船舷侧为潜水员执行潜水作业时上下船的平台,为保证在波浪中使用时的安全性,对其波浪作用力、运动响应及销轴处的动作用载荷设计有较高要求。为研究母船干扰下潜水员梯的动态响应特性,采用基于深水格林函数为积分内核的边界元方法,先计算母船及潜水梯这一整体的运动响应及其平均湿表面的辐射和绕射压力分布,依据刚体运动合成原理求解得到潜水梯重心处的运动。再以潜水员梯为研究对象,采用压力积分方法获得潜水员梯的波浪力作用,并将其运动、波浪力和销轴处的作用力联立构成动力学平衡方程,逆向求解出销轴处的动作用力。基于上述思路,系统研究了波长、航速及潜水员梯与母船相对位置变化时潜水员梯的运动、波浪作用力及销轴处作用力的变化规律,为潜水员梯的布置、销轴的选型及潜水作业时母船的操纵可提供指导意义。     

船用燃料中芳烃浓度对粒子排放的影响研究（英文）

The fuel sulfur content in marine fuels has been regulated in Sulfur Emission Control Areas(SECAs) since January 2015. However, other fuel characteristics are also believed to have an impact on particle emissions, particularly on the number of particles emitted. This study investigates the impact of the content of aromatics in fuel. To achieve fuel blends with concentrations of aromatics similar to those found in marine fuel oils, i.e. 20%–30% by volume(%vol.), normal diesel oil(4%–5% vol. aromatics) is doped with a mixture of aromatics. Emission measurements are conducted in test-bed engine facilities and particle emissions over a wide size range are analyzed. Results show a decreased number of particles emitted(or not change) with an increase in the aromatic concentration in fuel. This is because there is a reduction in the cetane number of the fuel with an increased aromatic content, which effects the combustion process and results in decreased particle formation. However, when ignition improver is used to increase the cetane number, particle emissions remain at a lower level than for normal diesel oil; thereby emphasizing the presence of other factors in the formation of particles.