梅西河潮流能水轮机开发的场地选择评价研究（英文）

This paper used a specialist software package to produce a detailed model of the River Mersey estuary, which can be subjected to a range of simulated tidal conditions. The aim of this research was to use the validated model to identify the optimal location for the positioning of a tidal turbine. Progress was made identifying a new optimal site for power generation using velocity data produced from simulations conducted using the MIKE 3 software. This process resulted in the identification of site 8, which sits mid-river between the Morpeth Dock and the Albert Dock, being identified as the favoured location for tidal power generation in the River Mersey. Further analysis of the site found that a 17.2-m diameter single rota multidirectional turbine with a 428-kW-rated capacity could produce 1.12 GWh annually.     

半潜式风、潮流联合发电平台水动力分析（英文）

Energy shortages and environmental pollution are becoming increasingly severe globally. The exploitation and utilization of renewable energy have become an effective way to alleviate these problems. To improve power production capacity, power output quality, and cost effectiveness, comprehensive marine energy utilization has become an inevitable trend in marine energy development. Based on a semi-submersible wind-tidal combined power generation device,a three-dimensional frequency domain potential flow theory is used to study the hydrodynamic performance of such a device. For this study, the RAOs and hydrodynamic coefficients of the floating carrier platform to the regular wave were obtained. The influence of the tidal turbine on the platform in terms of frequency domain was considered as added mass and damping. The direct load of the tidal turbine was obtained by CFX.FORTRAN software was used for the second development of adaptive query workload aware software, which can include the external force. The motion response of the platform to the irregular wave and the tension of the mooring line were calculated under the limiting condition(one mooring line breakage). The results showed that the motion response of the carrier to the surge and sway direction is more intense, but the swing amplitude is within the acceptable range. Even in the worst case scenario, the balance position of the platform was still in the positioning range, which met the requirements of the working sea area. The safety factor of the mooring line tension also complied with the requirements of the design specification. Therefore, it was found that the hydrodynamic performance and motion responses of a semi-submersible wind-tidal combined power generation device can meet the power generation requirements under all design conditions, and the device presents a reliable power generation system.     

三维竖轴潮流水轮机水动力性能研究

竖轴水轮机作为潮流能转换为电能的核心装置,其水动力性能的优劣将会直接影响到整体发电系统的效率。为了研究大型竖轴水轮机叶片安装角对水轮机水动力性能的影响,基于多参考系模型(MRF),采用Fluent软件对流场中的模型进行3D数值模拟。在转速和来流速度保持不变,改变安装角时,分析同种翼型5个不同安装角叶片对潮流能水轮机的水动力性能的影响。同时分析在同一安装角和旋转速度条件下,不同来流速度对水轮机水动力性能的影响。结果表明,叶片安装角对竖轴潮流水轮机的能量利用率影响较大,来流速度对水轮机叶片表面的静压力和输出功率具有一定的影响。研究结果对今后竖轴水轮机的设计和生产具有借鉴意义。     

大型商船燃蒸柴联合循环动力系统设计与分析

以17万m^3液化天然气(Liquefied Natural Gas,LNG)运输船为母型船,选取LM2500燃气轮机为主动力装置,联合蒸汽轮机和2台W?rtsil?12V34DF双燃料柴油机,设计出一套燃-蒸-柴联合循环动力系统。利用Aspen HYSYS软件模拟系统流程,经模拟与分析计算,该系统的设计方案合理可行,并得出燃气轮机负荷下的燃气轮机发电效率及其输出效率、燃蒸联合发电效率及其系统输出效率,各系统参数随燃气轮机负荷的增大呈现不同幅度的增大。将该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的动力系统输出效率进行对比分析,结果表明:在理想工况下,两种系统的系统输出效率相当;在定速工况下,该系统的系统输出效率与柴油机的系统输出效率相比略低,而燃气轮机的NOx、SOx排放量较小,满足新公约要求。因此,该系统有很好的船舶实际应用价值。     

凝汽式汽轮机转速调节的动态分析

针对船舶发电用凝汽式汽轮机转速的动态响应建立了数学模型，采用Matlab／Simulink软件进行了仿真计算，并运用该软件设计了汽轮机转速调节系统动态分析的图形用户界面，在一定的简化和假设基础上对汽轮机转速调节的动态特性进行了一般性分析及理论上的探讨。     

发电用燃气轮机动态性能仿真

针对发电用燃气轮机,基于Matlab/Simulink仿真平台构建其仿真模型.使用仿真模型,计算在电网负荷波动以及机组甩负荷的情况下燃气轮机的动态特性.参照电网指标,通过优化控制策略,给出电网负荷变化时燃气轮机的响应特性.     

近海风电场风机桩群布局对海域水动力条件的影响

为了探讨海上风力发电场规划实施后风机桩群对附近海域水位、流速、潮通量等水动力条件的影响,建立了长江口、杭州湾及其附近海域大范围平面二维潮流数学模型,研究结果表明:风机实施的影响范围及程度与工程海域的潮流特性、风机布置形式等有关,就上海风电规划而言,风电场的实施基本没有对附近海域造成较大影响。     

引江济汉通航工程进口段平面布置及通航条件优化

用水流物理模型、遥控自航船模、水流数学模型和船舶操纵运动数学模型相结合的研究方法对引江济汉通航工程进口段平面布置及通航条件进行研究。首先阐述设计方案通航工程与长江交汇口、进口龙洲垸船闸下游航道及荆江大堤通航孔等各区域的通航条件,详细分析设计方案影响通航水流条件的各个因素,针对设计方案在通航水流条件上的不足,通过采取多种工程措施改善其通航水流条件,提出满足船舶安全航行的优化布置方案。     

田湾核电站海域潮流场数值模拟

采用MIKE 21水动力模拟软件建立了田湾核电站海域平面二维潮流数学模型,利用该模型对该海域的潮流场进行了数值模拟。根据数值模拟结果,对田湾核电站海域的潮流场特征进行了分析。建立的模型可以用来模拟研究各种工程方案实施前后的潮流场,也可以为局部模型提供边界条件。     

双馈风力发电系统最大风能捕获控制研究

针对应用于风力发电系统的双馈异步发电机,构建了同步旋转坐标系下的数学模型.结合风力机 输出功率与转速关系,采用速度负反馈控制代替有功功率负反馈控制,简化了调节器参数的工程设计过程.将有功和无功控制上的耦合项通过前馈补偿实现了基于定子磁链定向的功率解耦控制.利用双馈异步电机运行可逆性,通过双馈发电机运行状态的转换实现了风速跟踪控制过程中最大风能捕获的快速跟随性能.基于仿真软件构建仿真模型仿真进行了双馈风力发电机组最大风能捕获控制和功率解耦控制的仿真验证,仿真结果表明了所设计控制策略和参数的正确性与有效性.     

系泊状态下漂浮式潮流能电站水动力性能试验研究

本文以漂浮式潮流能电站系统为研究对象,针对其在系泊状态下是否搭载水轮机两种形式,对载体模型进行不同波浪参数下的运动特性试验.实验首先对载体在自由状态下的运动特性进行校核,当试验数据与理论计算数据吻合后,对载体在系泊状态下的运动响应特性进行试验研究.研究载体在不同搭载状态和不同波浪参数下的水动力响应,分析该潮流能电站载体在浪、流作用下的运动规律.     

河口垂向二维悬沙输移数学模型

针对窄深的潮汐河口建立了沿宽度方向积分平均的垂向二维悬沙输移数学模型,潮流场的模拟采用三维MOHID模型,悬沙对流扩散方程采用Galerkin有限元法进行求解。利用该模型模拟了长江口北槽段潮流输沙过程,计算结果与实测资料较好吻合,表明了该模型能够模拟窄深的潮汐型河口地区悬沙输移过程。     

CFD simulation of fixed and variable pitch vertical axis tidal turbine

In this paper, hydrodynamic analysis of vertical axis tidal turbine (both fixed pitch & variable pitch) is numerically analyzed. Two-dimensional numerical modeling & simulation of the unsteady flow through the blades of the turbine is performed using ANSYS CFX, hereafter CFX, which is based on a Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. A transient simulation is done for fixed pitch and variable pitch vertical axis tidal turbine using a Shear Stress Transport turbulence (SST) scheme. Main hydrodynamic parameters like torque T, combined moment C _M , coefficients of performance C _P and coefficient of torque C _T , etc. are investigated. The modeling and meshing of turbine rotor is performed in ICEM-CFD. Moreover, the difference in meshing schemes between fixed pitch and variable pitch is also mentioned. Mesh motion option is employed for variable pitch turbine. This article is one part of the ongoing research on turbine design and developments. The numerical simulation results are validated with well reputed analytical results performed by Edinburgh Design Ltd. The article concludes with a parametric study of turbine performance, comparison between fixed and variable pitch operation for a four-bladed turbine. It is found that for variable pitch we get maximum C _P and peak power at smaller revolution per minute N and tip sped ratio λ.     

20kW矩形潮流能发电机组结构设计及优化

潮流能是一种开发成本低、对环境影响小、具有良好商业前景的理想绿色新能源。研究了一种新型能量利用率高、水动力性能优良的矩形潮流能水轮机,给出了发电机组总体设计方案和基本尺寸,利用ANSYS软件对支撑结构在额定工况和极限工况下进行强度校核,并采用Screening优化法和NLPQL优化法进行优化设计,优化后的结构重量可以降低13.3%,具有良好的经济效益。     

梯级电站日调节过程中非恒定流控制

对水电站下泄的非恒定流进行有效控制将极大地改善下游航道的通航水流条件,文中通过调整电站的泄流过程实现对非恒流的控制,以典型日调峰流量过程曲线为基础,建立了一种确定电站泄流过程的优化模型,此模型以实际泄流过程与调峰流量过程的偏差最小为目标,以水量平衡、发电、通航等为约束,并采用模式搜索方法对建立模型进行求解。将此模型应用于沅水清水塘—大潭梯级电站泄流决策过程,得到了满足通航且发电最优的电站日泄流曲线。     

压气机级间喷水燃气轮机循环分析

该文给出压气机组间喷水燃气轮机数学模型,并据此模型计算出压气机的出口温度、压缩功、涡轮进口温度、循环效率及输出功率随喷水量变化关系。分析了大气温度、压比及涡轮进口温度变化时的压气机级间喷水燃气轮机的性能变化规律,讨论了在压气机不同位置喷水对燃气轮机比功和循环效率等性能的影响。     

潮间带风电场水动力数值模拟

为研究江苏省某地滨海潮间带风电场工程对所在海域波浪、潮流的影响,通过ADCIRC潮流模型和SWAN风浪模型模拟风、浪、流的耦合作用,建立滨海潮间带风电场的水动力数学模型,计算结果表明:该数学模型能较客观地反映当地水流和波浪场的基本情况,对在该区域建设滨海风电场具有重要的参考意义。     

剪切流对水平轴潮流能水轮机水动力性能影响

为了研究剪切流下潮流能水平轴水轮机水动力载荷特性,本文基于CFD方法,建立剪切流模型,计算了剪切流下水平轴水轮机的水动力载荷,并分析得出剪切率对水动力载荷的影响规律。结果表明：剪切流情况下,水动力载荷系数时历曲线发生明显波动,除弯矩系数的波动频率和叶轮旋转频率一致外,其他系数的波动频率均是叶轮旋转频率的2倍,且剪切率越大,水动力载荷系数的波动幅值就越大;随着速比增大,弯矩系数的波动幅值逐渐增加,而侧向力系数波动幅值先增加再减小,在最优速比左右达到最大值。研究成果可为潮流能水平轴水轮机的结构设计和性能优化提供依据。     

Improving Tidal Turbine Performance Through Multi-Rotor Fence Configurations

Constructive interference between tidal stream turbines in multi-rotor fence configurations arrayed normally to the flow has been shown analytically, computationally, and experimentally to enhance turbine performance. The increased resistance to bypass flow due to the presence of neighbouring turbines allows a static pressure difference to develop in the channel and entrains a greater flow rate through the rotor swept area. Exploiting the potential improvement in turbine performance requires that turbines either be operated at higher tip speed ratios or that turbines are redesigned in order to increase thrust. Recent studies have demonstrated that multi-scale flow dynamics, in which a distinction is made between device-scale and fence-scale flow events, have an important role in the physics of flow past tidal turbine fences partially spanning larger channels. Although the reduction in flow rate through the fence as the turbine thrust level increases has been previously demonstrated, the within-fence variation in turbine performance, and the consequences for overall farm performance, is less well understood. The impact of turbine design and operating conditions, on the performance of a multi-rotor tidal fence is investigated using Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes embedded blade element actuator disk simulations. Fences consisting of four, six, and eight turbines are simulated, and it is demonstrated that the combination of device- and fence-scale flow effects gives rise to cross-fence thrust and power variation. These cross-fence variations are also a function of turbine thrust, and hence design conditions, although it is shown simple turbine control strategies can be adopted in order to reduce the cross-fence variations and improve overall fence performance. As the number of turbines in the fence, and hence fence length, increases, it is shown that the turbines may be designed or operated to achieve higher thrust levels than if the turbines were not deployed in a fence configuration.

     

叶轮级数对一种潮流水轮机水动力性能的影响研究

为了进一步提高潮流能水轮机叶轮的能量捕获性能(获能效率),对一种多级获能潮流水轮机叶轮进行了研究。利用ANSYS16.0 中的CFX流体仿真模块对一种潮流水轮机的叶轮级数进行了数值计算,对不同级数的叶轮进行水动力性能模拟,考察一、二、三级叶轮在不同流速下呈现的速度、压力分布以及流场压差变化情况,并通过样机实验进行了验证。结果表明,叶轮级数的增加可以提高轮机对水流能量的捕获性能；就各个流速工况下的整体获能系数而言,三级叶轮最佳,但启动性能有所下降,三级叶轮启动流速在0.75m/s左右；三级叶轮的最优水速在1.5m/s左右,理想状态下获能效率可达51%上下。