6×2型载货汽车随动桥轮胎磨损分析及对策

由基本车型而派生出的带随动桥结构的６×２型载货车形式，普遍存在随动桥轮胎磨损严重的毛病，这势必增加了汽车的使用成本，还必然会导致汽车在行驶过程中的功率损耗增加和车轮与地面间附着情况的恶化，进而制约汽车各种性能的正常发挥，本提出了结构上的可能的改进途径，为此类结构的整车设计提供了设计依据。     

精品底盘开道,斯堪尼亚客车产品首次亮相上海客博会

在第6届世界客车博览亚洲展会上,全球著名商用车制造商瑞典斯堪尼亚公司首次展出了K型客车底盘,这一款产品主要用于13.7m客车的6×4底盘.该底盘装有液压操控随动转向桥,可缩小车辆的转弯半径,提高车辆的操控性,并减少轮胎的磨损.该底盘还配有1台309kW 12L发动机,该型斯堪尼亚发动机以高扭矩和低油耗而闻名.     

商用车双转向桥中间杆系优化设计

商用车双转向桥包含两个独立的转向梯形机构,它们之间的运动是通过中间杆系来传递的.在设计双转向桥转向系统时,为了避免转向桥轮胎异常磨损,需要两个转向桥的车轮转角协调变化.提出了一种对现有双转向桥中间杆系优化设计的方法,可协调车辆第一、第二转向桥的转角关系,避免了横向滑移导致的双前桥车轮转向时造成的轮胎异常磨损.     

商用车双转向桥中间杆系优化设计

商用车双转向桥包含两个独立的转向梯形机构,它们之间的运动是通过中间杆系来传递的.在设计双转向桥转向系统时,为了避免转向桥轮胎异常磨损,需要两个转向桥的车轮转角协调变化.提出了一种对现有双转向桥中间杆系优化设计的方法,可协调车辆第一、第二转向桥的转角关系,避免了横向滑移导致的双前桥车轮转向时造成的轮胎异常磨损.     

大型城市客车随动桥悬挂的研究及应用

论述采用随动桥的大型城市客车底盘的优越性,介绍随动桥的组成结构,分析随动桥系统的工作原理。     

科学保养轮胎上紧安全发条

车辆爆胎的原因缺气车辆轮胎缺气行驶是爆胎的主要原困。当轮胎胎压低于标准胎压时,随着胎压的下降,轮胎与地面的摩擦成倍增加,胎温急剧上升。轮胎变软,强度急剧下降,再加上车辆高速行驶,就可能导致爆胎。磨损车辆轮胎的磨损主要分为均匀磨损和不均匀磨损。轮胎在正常情况下磨损为均匀磨损。轮胎均匀磨损至胎侧的磨损指示标记时,不能继续使用,需要更换新胎。若轮胎胎面的磨损量不一致,磨损状况不均衡,这种现象就是轮胎的不均匀磨损。轮胎的不均匀磨损有胎冠中央磨损、胎冠两肩磨损、胎冠内侧或外侧磨损、胎冠锯齿状磨损、胎冠波浪状磨损或碟片状磨损、胎冠局部磨损等几种情况。如果发现轮胎磨损不均匀,说明轮胎的使用存在问题,需及时检修。对车辆轮胎磨损如果发现不及时、保养不到位,当行驶状况达到一定条件时,就会发生爆胎。     

浅谈提高轮胎寿命

一、轮胎不正常磨损原因 汽车起步、转弯及制动等行驶条件的不断变化．转弯速度过快、起步过急、制动过猛。轮胎的磨损就快。轮胎的磨损还与汽车的行驶速度有关，行驶速度愈快，轮胎磨损愈严重，路面的质量也直接影响到轮胎与地面的摩擦力,路面较差时。轮胎与地面滑动加剧，轮胎的磨损加快，以上情况产生的轮胎磨损,基本上是均匀的，属正常磨损。若轮胎使用不当或前轮定位不准,将产生故障性不正常磨损,常见的不正常磨损有：     

基于运动学分析的某MPV车轮胎磨损研究

轮胎磨损是车辆使用中常见问题,本文主要对轮胎正常磨损和异常磨损进行了对比及分析。首先列举了轮胎磨损的主要形式,然后简要说明了各种轮胎磨损形式的产生机理,并对实车产生轮胎磨损情况进行了详细的分析与研究,同时提出有效的解决方案。最后总结了轮胎磨损问题的研究方法。     

浅谈轮胎的磨损与预防

轮胎在各种路面上行驶，其磨损是不可避免的，轮胎在正常情况下均匀磨损至胎侧的磨损批示标记，轮胎就不能继续使用了，这属于正常磨损现象。当轮胎出现胎冠中央、两肩、内侧及外侧等不均匀磨损时，则说明轮胎在平时的使用中存在着问题，为了更好地使用轮胎，延长轮胎的使用寿命，经常检查轮胎的磨损状况是非常必要的，从轮胎均匀磨损与不均匀磨损，可以发现轮胎的使用过程中是否出现问题，并及时查明原因，从而使轮胎在正常的环境下发挥它的作用。     

双联驱动桥车辆台试检验台探讨

正双联驱动桥重型车在行驶中,由于轮胎气压或满载轮荷不同会造成轮胎动力半径不同,如果两驱动桥1∶1刚性机械传动,便会产生运动干涉造成较大的寄生功率,并使轮胎严重磨损,因此在2个驱动轴中间安装桥间差速器,有利于转向并消除运动干涉。桥间差速器差速不差扭,两驱动桥的驱动扭矩不相等时转速不同。桥间差速器通常装配有机械闭锁装置,当闭锁后则桥间差速器不起作用,两驱动桥1∶1刚性机械传动,主要是提高工程车辆在泥泞路面上的     

胎面轮廓形状优化技术研究--提高轮胎耐磨耗性能

胎面轮廓形状对轮胎的耐磨耗性能影响很大，因此对其进行优化很有意义。针对胎面轮廓形状比较复杂的特点，文中采用多个变量来定义胎面轮廓。同时，在现有磨耗理论的基础上，通过对胎面轮廓形状的优化初步给出了评价轮胎耐磨耗性能的指标。在此基础上，采用自编的多目标优化程序对胎面轮廓进行优化，并将计算结果与原胎数据进行了比较，结果表明，不论是从胎面的磨耗速度还是从胎面磨耗的均匀性来说优化胎都要优于原始。     

ZnOw改善橡胶和轮胎耐磨性能的研究

研究了ZnOw／NR—SBR—BR复合材料的耐磨性能，发现经偶联剂表面处理的ZnOw对提高橡胶材料的耐磨性能有良好的效果。在轮胎胎面胶中加入3份标准配方的氧化锌晶须对轮胎进行改性，结果表明，氧化锌晶须不仅可以改善橡胶和轮胎的耐磨性能，而且可以提高轮胎的高速安全性和耐久性。对复合材料受磨表面和截面的微观形貌进行了研究，分析了氧化锌晶须提高橡胶复合材料耐磨性能的机理，并提出可以用橡胶材料表面分形维数值的大小来判断磨损程度。     

客车轮胎的选型和使用

通过对轮胎结构及特性的分析,结合客车的结构特点和使用条件,提出客车轮胎的选型原则和使用过程中要注意的问题。     

Laboratory alignment procedure for improving reproducibility of tyre wet grip measurement

Since 2012, the Korean and EU governments have been running a tyre labelling system. All tyres sold in Korea have to carry a label that displays information of two performance criteria: rolling resistance and wet grip. The rolling resistance of the tyres determines their fuel efficiency grading, and the wet grip of the tyres determines their braking safety grading. The rolling resistance and wet grip measurements must be reproducible, so the same tests on the same tyres in different laboratories must produce the same results to ensure a fair comparison between tyres from different suppliers. In addition, a good reproducibility of testing results prevents market surveillance authorities from obtaining results different from those provided by suppliers when testing the same tyres. The laboratory alignment procedure for the rolling resistance measurements was developed and published as the EU Commission Regulation No. 1235 in 2011. However, the laboratory alignment procedure for the wet grip measurements has not yet been developed. Therefore, there are many differences in the wet grip test results among test laboratories throughout the world. The new procedure that is proposed for the wet grip measurement alignment for tyre testing laboratories can improve the reproducibility of the wet grip testing results, and five laboratory alignment tests were carried out between KATECH and five other test laboratories in the world to evaluate the results of the proposed procedure.     

Identification of the mechanical properties of bicycle tyres for modelling of bicycle dynamics

Advanced simulation of the stability and handling properties of bicycles requires detailed road–tyre contact models. In order to develop these models, in this study, four bicycle tyres are tested by means of a rotating disc machine with the aim of measuring the components of tyre forces and torques that influence the safety and handling of bicycles. The effect of inflation pressure and tyre load is analysed. The measured properties of bicycle tyres are compared with those of motorcycle tyres.     

轮胎制动与驱动特性的理论模型

轮胎印迹内垂直载荷的分布与形式的选择，对建立轮胎制动与驱动特性的理论模型有很大影响。根据轮胎制动和驱动时印迹内垂直载荷分布特性，以及轮胎的前后变形特性，建立了轮胎制动、驱动特性的理论模型。应用该理论模型的计算结果，与试验结果具有很好的一致性。     

车轮荷载下土壤静力学特性分析

利用有限元软件ANSYS建立三维有限元模型,模拟车轮和土壤的静态接触,进行非线性有限元分析,研究车轮荷载下土壤的静力学特性。采用基于Drucker-Prager的弹塑性模型来模拟真实土壤,并考虑摩擦作用。分别采用刚性轮模型和超弹性轮胎模型模拟车轮,并将2种情况进行对比。结果表明：在车轮荷载作用下,土壤的竖向位移和等效应力在轮胎与土壤接触的区域最大;土壤的竖向位移和等效应力随土壤深度的增加而减小;土体在刚性轮作用下的变形和应力要远大于其在超弹性轮作用下的值,表明虽然刚性轮几何形状简单,模型设置容易,但是与超弹性轮胎模型相比,这种模拟精确度低。     

Effect of vertical and lateral coupling between tyre and road on vehicle rollover

The vehicle stability involves many aspects, such as the anti-rollover stability in extreme steering operations and the vehicle lateral stability in normal steering operations. The relationships between vehicle stabilities in extreme and normal circumstances obtain less attention according to the present research works. In this paper, the coupling interactions between vehicle anti-rollover and lateral stability, as well as the effect of road excitation, are taken into account on the vehicle rollover analysis. The results in this paper indicate that some parameters influence the different vehicle stabilities diversely or even contradictorily. And it has been found that there are contradictions between the vehicle rollover mitigation performance and the lateral stability. The direct cause for the contradiction is the lateral coupling between tyres and road. Tyres with high adhesion capacity imply that the vehicle possesses a high performance ability to keep driving direction, whereas the rollover risk of this vehicle increases due to the greater lateral force that tyres can provide. Furthermore, these contradictions are intensified indirectly by the vertical coupling between tyres and road. The excitation from road not only deteriorates the tyres’ adhesive condition, but also has a considerable effect on the rollover in some cases.     

Influence of load and inflation pressure on the tyre rolling resistance

Tyre load and inflation pressure are important factors controlling rolling resistance of road vehicles. The article presents results obtained in the Technical University of Gdańsk during laboratory and road measurements of different car tyres rolling on different pavements. The knowledge of rolling resistance characteristics is important for modelling car dynamics as well as fuel consumption. It is also necessary to establish proper test conditions in the future standardized on-road method of measuring rolling resistance. The results indicate that while an increase of load always leads to the increase of rolling resistance force, the influence on Coefficient of Rolling Resistance is more complicated and unpredictable. They also indicate that tyres with high rolling resistance are more sensitive to inflation pressure changes than low rolling resistance tyres.     

Steady Turning of Two-Wheeled Vehicles

When driving along a circular path, the driver of a motorcycle controls the vehicle mainly by means of steering torque. If low steering torque is necessary, the driver feels that the vehicle is manoeuvrable. In this paper, a mathematical model concerning steering torque is developed; it takes into account the actual kinematic behaviour of the vehicle and the properties of motorcycle tyres. Tyre forces act at the contact points of toroidal tyres, which are calculated according to kinematic analysis. Non-linear equations are solved using an iterative approach. Several numerical results are presented, and the influence of tyre properties and some geometrical and inertial properties of the vehicle on steering torque are discussed.