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为降低西部原油管道管输能耗,通过计算管道在不同季节、不同流量下的摩阻损耗,结合管道参数和输油泵特性曲线,分析得出影响输油生产单位能耗的因素包括管输流量和输油温度。进一步计算得出了不同流量和不同季节对应的输油生产单耗。结果表明,流量对输油生产单耗影响较大,西部原油管道管输流量在1 000~1 400 m~3/h区间时生产单耗相对较低;流量大于1 600 m3/h时,生产单耗随流量上升接近线性增长。而输油温度对生产单耗的影响较小,同一流量下冬季生产单耗略高于夏季生产单耗。 相似文献
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采用常温储输通球工艺技术替代加热输送工艺技术,节约2了能源和投资。实践证明,该工艺技术能够有效清除管道壁,管内聚结物,降低系统回压,保证了油气顺利运行和管线畅通无阻。 相似文献
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原油管道热运行过程分析 总被引:4,自引:4,他引:0
由热量传递关系导出了原油管输过程各种热量计算公式,研究了输送过程原油损失热、释放热、油流摩擦热及其组成比例与输量或输送速度的关系。结果表明:油流摩擦热并非为输量增大后吨油输送耗热量降低的惟一原因,原油管中通过时间的缩短降低了输送过程单位质量沿线损失热。通过时间缩短且同时摩擦热增大的共同影响是输量增加后热经济性明显提高的主要原因。管道总损失热则与单位质量情况不完全相同,它取决于散热环境和油地温差,优化加热方案并使油地温差维持在合理水平,也可使总损失热随输量增大而有所降低。 相似文献
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清管作业是长输管道投产或运行的一项重要工作。文中分析了曹津长输原油管道清管作业实践,结合清管设备、清管前的准备工作、清管工艺流程和清管器的跟踪方法对长输原油管道清管作业进行了详细的介绍,为长输管道投运、开展在线检测提供参考。 相似文献
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介绍了管道内壁绝对粗糙度在工艺设计中的取值;然后从天然气管道内壁涂层对水力摩阻系数、管输能力、压缩机站站间距、压缩机功率4个方面的影响,从有、无内壁涂层的两个情况下,采用公式推导对工艺进行比较.结果显示:采用管道内壁涂层,可以改善和提高天然气在管道中的流动特性;可以减少管道沿线压缩机站的数量;可以降低输送的动力成本和泵输成本;可以提高管输量;可以延长清管周期;可以降低输送动力消耗和成本,从而取得良好的经济效益. 相似文献
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"超限超载"的产生与发展,蕴藏着深层的内在运作机理,包含着复杂的经济社会原因.其中道路货物运输价格体系的长期扭曲失衡与成本结构的有欠合理是一个不容忽视的根本原因.为此,公路所开展了货运市场运价与成本"治超"专项研究,先后历时一个多月,行程数千公里,深入7省市运输一线,对21家典型企业和个体业户的23辆货车、24条线路进行了跟踪调查,获取了大量的第一手资料与原始数据,并对此进行了解析. 相似文献
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Ngila Mwase† 《运输评论》2013,33(3):191-206
Zambia has attempted to reduce her excessive transport dependency on her traditional transport routes via South Africa and the former Portugese colonies. The costly construction of the Tanzania‐Zambia Railway (TAZARA) was part of this diversification strategy. This article examines the nature, extent and direction of Zambian traffic, including its historical evolution. It explores further the place of TAZARA among the various routes to Mozambican, Angolan and South African ports, and the ensuing actual and potential competition. Future traffic patterns will be influenced not only by the direct and service‐oriented costs of the different lines, but also by the region's volatile and uncertain political climate. 相似文献
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Robert E. Paaswell 《Transportation》1973,2(4):351-371
An examination of current population statistics shows that in the U.S. more than half of the population is without immediate access to a car, and in the U.K. more than three-fifths of the population is without access to a car. This phenomenon has been accentuated by national investment in both countries in major highway programs. The term carless refers to more than just households that own no cars. It extends, in households with cars to those without licenses (old and young), the handicapped, and even the licensed drivers who have no access to the family car when it is in use elsewhere (e.g. at work). The most severely effected are those in urban areas and especially the urban poor. Transportation expenses are limited for the poor when other family expenditures (food, shelter) take a high priority. Once the work trip has been satisfied, money for other trips, for the poor, is not always available. One solution to cost-free travel is pedestrianism (walking), but this too is difficult in urban areas where the pedestrian has been overlooked in favor of the car. Solutions to problems of the carless include dial-a-ride, better public transit, and better design of urban form. 相似文献
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针对海中箱梁现浇施工中的工程量大、工期紧迫、悬臂法施工不能满足工期要求和施工难度大等问题,文章结合青岛海湾大桥箱梁现浇施工实践,介绍以钢管桩支撑作为承载基础,采用贝雷梁与碗扣式支架相结合的支架,成功地解决现浇箱梁施工难题的方法。 相似文献
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章简略地分析了单线循环固定抱索器索道抱索器移位及索道频繁开停车对索道运载索、驱动机减速器、制动器等部件使用寿命的影响,并提出了相应的减轻这些影响的技术对策。 相似文献