高速公路事故响应控制模式构建

为优化高速公路发生交通事故后的入口匝道调节率,以达到减缓交通拥挤、降低事故冲击的目的,对高速公路交通事故发生后的车流行为进行了研究,以车流行为改变引起的检测信号为基础,建立了控制所需的行为参数集;利用控制理论,构建了高速公路事故动态随机响应控制模式,并利用卡尔曼滤波和线性二次高斯方法求解,通过实例演算进行评析。研究结果表明:提出的控制模式与无控制和定时控制相比较,对中等流量具有较好的控制效果,对较高流量和较低流量具有一定的控制效果,对较高流量和中等流量下的通过率有一定的改善。该控制模式可运用于高速公路智能控制系统之中,提高事故条件下的道路交通服务水平。     

高速道路入口匝道控制方法及应用探索

入口匝道控制是高速道路交通管理与控制的重要方法.对国外高速道路入口匝道的交通机理和控制方法进行系统分析和总结,重点对国外典型的多匝道动态协调控制算法进行论述,并对今后的研究方向提出展望.最后结合国内的实际情况,从交通量、几何线形、通道控制、协调配合、政策制定、仿真评价等方面对入口匝道控制在国内的相关工程应用做了初步探索.     

城市快速路与地面道路交通整合控制分析

阐述了城市快速路与普通城市道路交通整合控制的必要性,叙述了国内外研究者提出的比较成熟的匝道控制方法及匝道与地面交通整合控制方法,提出了以城市快速路主线流量与匝道流量之和应小于合流处通行能力、主线车辆占有率应小于最佳占有率、速度约束以及普通城市道路地面交叉口的最大排队长度应小于路段长度为匝道控制约束条件;提出了以通过城市快速路系统和地面交叉口的总旅行时间最小为优化目标函数,实现城市快速路与普通道路的上、下匝道整合控制,以取得最优的城市综合交通系统效益.     

基于模糊逻辑的高速公路入口匝道控制方法

为提高高速公路入口匝道的控制能力,以达到增进车流平稳性的目的,对传统闭环控制器ALINEA进行了扩展,并结合模糊逻辑理论,给出一种新的入口匝道控制器。该模糊控制器加入了流量变化的因素,以交通流量为控制目标,实际流量与设定期望值的偏差及流量变化量作为输入,根据所设定的模糊规则给出匝道控制率的调节量。最后通过实例对控制器进行了评价。仿真试验表明:该模糊控制器能够快速地将交通流调整到期望状态,可以适应主干道交通流以及匝道需求的大幅变化,有效抑制波动的产生;同传统的ALINEA策略相比,模糊匝道控制器具有更加稳定的控制效果。     

基于分布式强化学习的高速公路控制模型

针对公路交通流非线性、不确定性和模糊性特点,提出了面向控制的交通网络宏观动态离散模型,并且引入分布式强化学习来解决交通网络的控制与诱导问题。以传统网络交通流模型Metanet为基础,对其作了改进,引入起讫点的因素到模型中,提出基于OD的网络交通流动态模型Metanet-OD。根据交通网络的特点,将分布式强化学习DRL引入到交通网络中,进行匝道控制和可变显示牌的诱导控制,设定了强化学习的动作空间,并给出了DRL算法。在仿真试验中对控制效果进行了验证。     

Gap metering for active traffic control at freeway merging sections

Freeway merging sections are critical segments that can recurrently activate peak-hour traffic congestion. This article proposes a novel vehicular gap control method as a new Active Traffic Management (ATM) strategy to be added to the existing Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) toolboxes for freeway merge control. The proposed strategy, “Gap Metering,” can be considered a non-stopping mainline version of ramp metering. It utilizes signals advising mainline through vehicles to yield sufficient gaps for merging vehicles. Detailed system design and control methods are proposed and implemented in VISSIM (please spell out the abbreviation of VISSIM for this first instance), a microsimulation software package. Different driver behavior sets with different standstill headway values are created to allow switching between gap-metered vehicles and regular vehicles. We evaluate the proposed system through two VISSIM models built and calibrated, respectively, for both the I-894 corridor in Milwaukee, WI, and the Riverside Drive segment on I-35 northbound in Austin, TX. Both corridors experience severe morning peak-hour congestion. We use the I-894 corridor for testing the system design parameters and use the I-35 corridor to conduct a comparison with the ramp metering strategies. The I-894 results indicate an average of 10–20% network delay reduction among all scenarios. We then tested the scenario on the I-35 corridor and compared with the ALINEAR ramp metering. Gap metering strategies alone or combined with ramp metering can, respectively, reduce 17% and 27% more total delay than ramp metering only control at 20% compliance rate.     

An exploratory investigation of the impact of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior

Ramp metering has been proven as an effective freeway management strategy; however, the impact of ramp metering on drivers' acceleration behavior has not been fully investigated. A better understanding of acceleration behavior changes with ramp metering is critical to the adequate design of ramp metering facilities. In this study, drivers' speed and acceleration data were collected at two representative metered ramps in Los Angeles, California. The speed and acceleration profiles under meter-on and meter-off scenarios were compared. Statistical results demonstrated that ramp metering affects drivers' acceleration behavior at ramp acceleration lane. It was found that at the metered ramp with short existing acceleration length, the average acceleration rate from ramp meter stop bar to 500 ft downstream under meter-on scenario (4.72 ft./s²) is approximately 40% higher than when meter-off (3.18 ft./s²). The design of acceleration lane length for metered on-ramps should therefore take into account the potential impacts of ramp metering on driver acceleration behavior.     

基于Paramics仿真验证的北京市快速环路入口匝道最优控制

在Metanet模型基础上对北京三环快速路进行建模,在Paramics微观交通仿真软件里建立一完整的三环路网平台,并提出最优控制目标。在优化方法上,对匝道调节时间进行实时编码,采用遗传算法对控制目标进行整体优化、并进行仿真,得出该算法对改善整个环形路网交通状况有比较好的效果,提高了行车速度和道路利用率。     

上海城市快速路匝道处交通分析与控制方案设计

分析了上海市城市快速路交通运行的特点和主要症结,对关键瓶颈位置实施单点匝道控制方案.以洛川路入口匝道为切入点,分析了洛川路主线、匝道的交通状况和相关地面交通状况,针对洛川路入口匝道的具体情况设计匝道控制方案,具体研究了工程控制阈值和匝道调节方案的适用条件.最后对实施的方案效果进行评估,可改变现有拥挤、瘫痪的交通状态,提高快速路的使用效率.     

基于交通环境承载力的公路网交通量预测

提出将交通环境承载力相关理论应用到公路网交通量预测中,提出基于交通环境承载力的公路网交通量预测模型。从环境系统污染物的输入输出模型出发,构建基于大气污染承载力的公路网交通量预测数学模型,实现基于大气环境的交通量控制目标,为交通规划部门制定可持续的交通发展规模提供科学决策依据。     

Collaborative merging strategy for freeway ramp operations in a connected and autonomous vehicles environment

In a connected vehicle environment, vehicles are able to communicate and exchange detailed information such as speed, acceleration, and position in real time. Such information exchange is important for improving traffic safety and mobility. This allows vehicles to collaborate with each other, which can significantly improve traffic operations particularly at intersections and freeway ramps. To assess the potential safety and mobility benefits of collaborative driving enabled by connected vehicle technologies, this study developed an optimization-based ramp control strategy and a simulation evaluation platform using VISSIM, MATLAB, and the Car2X module in VISSIM. The ramp control strategy is formulated as a constrained nonlinear optimization problem and solved by the MATLAB optimization toolbox. The optimization model provides individual vehicles with step-by-step control instructions in the ramp merging area. In addition to the optimization-based ramp control strategy, an empirical gradual speed limit control strategy is also formulated. These strategies are evaluated using the developed simulation platform in terms of average speed, average delay time, and throughput and are compared with a benchmark case with no control. The study results indicate that the proposed optimal control strategy can effectively coordinate merging vehicles at freeway on-ramps and substantially improve safety and mobility, especially when the freeway traffic is not oversaturated. The ramp control strategy can be further extended to improve traffic operations at bottlenecks caused by incidents, which cause approximately 25% of traffic congestion in the United States.     

面向新型混合交通流的快速路合流区通行能力建模

面向人类驾驶和具备协同自适应巡航功能的网联自动驾驶组成的新型混合交通流,考虑道路交通特性、道路结构以及匝道汇入前主线交通状态等因素的交互作用机理,基于概率统计理论解析网联自动驾驶渗透率和编队长度间的耦合关系,进一步基于间隙接受理论分析匝道汇入交通对合流区通行能力的折减效应,建立快速路合流区通行能力模型,定量描述不同道路条件下合流区通行能力如何随网联自动驾驶渗透率和编队长度变化。模型中的道路交通特性、道路结构及匝道汇入前部分交通状态参数根据实际道路交通环境标定,提升了模型的通用性与可迁移性。搭建内嵌车辆动力学模块的Vissim仿真平台进行模型评估,结果表明,模型精度在80%以上,且在不同网联自动驾驶渗透率和编队长度条件下皆表现良好。      

考虑服务交通量的加速车道长度设置方法

高速公路加速车道的设置长度不仅取决于主路及匝道的设计速度,还与主路及匝道的交通量有关。本文给出了不同主路服务交通量下的匝道通行能力,建立了在主路不同交通负荷下的匝道车辆可直接汇入的概率计算模型。最后给出了在一定的匝道车辆汇入概率和主路服务交通量下的加速车道长度设置方法,以及不同主路、匝道设计速度和服务交通量下的加速车道长度的推荐值。     

Modeling travel time of car with varying demand on an urban midblock section

The present study analyzes the stochastic nature of travel time distribution under the uncertainty of traffic volume and the proportion of cars in the traffic stream. Stochastic response surface method (SRSM) is adopted for modeling the travel time variation under the influence of traffic composition and traffic volume. This model is applied to an uninterrupted urban arterial corridor of 1.7 km length in New Delhi. Video graphic data were collected for 2 days during morning hours between 8 AM and 12 noon and evening hours of 3–7 PM. License plate matching technique was used for measuring the travel time in the study area. This study focused on travel time variation of cars with varying traffic volume and proportion of car in the traffic stream. Linear regression analysis was carried out initially to know the functional relation and significance relation between the input and output variables, and then SRSM analysis was performed. Artificial neural network (ANN) is also considered to map the relation among travel time, traffic volume and composition of traffic stream. A comparative evaluation is made among ANN, SRSM and regression analysis. Results indicate that apart from traffic volume, the influence of car population is more on travel time variation than motorized two-wheelers. It is attributed to the smaller size and comparability better operating condition of motorized two-wheelers. Also, the ANN and SRSM models are more efficient for analyzing the stochastic relation between the response and uncertain explanatory variable than the regression model.     

城市快速道路交通流建模和控制

首先回顾城市快速路宏观流体模型的发展，简析常用模型的推导建立过程，讨论宏观模型的使用。然后，以入口匝道流量调节作为受控快速路系统的控制输入，构造城市快速路交通流动态控制模型及最优控制问题，采用多层分散控制思想，给出一种实用的准最佳控制方法，通过交通仿真说明其有效性。     

A new model for temporal–spatial stochastic analysis of vehicle–track coupled systems

The vehicle–track coupled system has a random nature in the time–space domain. This paper proposes a computational model to analyse the temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of vehicle–track systems, where the vehicle–track system is divided into a vehicle subsystem, track subsystem, and interfacial subsystem between the wheel and rail. In this model, the time-varying randomicity of dynamical parameters of the vehicle system, correlation, and randomness of the track structural parameters in the time–space joint dimensions, and randomness of the track random irregularities are considered. A probability dimension-reduction method was used to randomly combine different random variables. Furthermore, the probability density evolution method was applied to solve the delivery problem of probabilities between excitation inputs and response outputs. The temporal–spatial stochastic vibrations of the vehicle–track system with different coefficients of variation were studied, in which we assumed that the dynamic parameters obeyed the normal distribution, and the stochastic simulation method of the track random irregularities is probed into. The calculated results from this model are consistent with the actual measured results and physical conceptions. Thus, the temporal–spatial stochastic evolutionary mechanism can be explored, and the limits of dynamic indices can be formulated by using this developed model.     

基于混沌理论的高速公路网短时交通流量预测研究

随着高速公路网的建成及其交通流量的不断增大,对高速路网交通流实时控制和诱导服务的需求日益突出,而高速公路网短时交通流量的预测,不仅是交通流实时控制和诱导服务的基础和依据,而且预测结果的准确性对改善高速公路网的通行能力和服务水平有重要影响。基于混沌时间序列分析和预测的理论,建立了高速公路网短时交通流预测模型,计算给定区域高速公路网多断面短时交通流量预测值,结果表明利用多维混沌时间序列法预测高速公路网短时交通流量可行且具有较高的精度。     

主路不同流量条件下入口匝道通行能力研究

详细分析入口匝道和无信号控制交叉口交通行为的异同之处,借鉴无控制交叉口通行能力的诸多研究成果,运用接受间隙理论分析研究入口匝道通行能力,提出主路在低流量、中等流量和高流量时下车头时距分别服从移位负指数分布、2阶Erlang分布和3阶Erlang分布。考虑不同类型车辆汇入的临界间隙和跟车时距,建立主路不同流量条件下的入口匝道通行能力模型。求出相应条件下混合车流的入口匝道通行能力值,为高速公路及城市快速路的入口匝道控制以及系统控制提供基础信息。     

出入口管理技术改善立交与地面道路的交通衔接

为改善我国立交与地面道路的交通衔接,首先分析了造成衔接段交通拥堵的原因。认为匝道落地点到临近交叉口的交织距离不够是主要原因;此外,匝道布局不佳,临近建筑物出入口布局欠规划,临近交叉口交通疏散能力不足等原因进一步加剧了衔接段的交通拥堵。借鉴美国的出入口管理策略,从中找到相关的解决方法,特别总结回顾了国外关于制定匝道落地点到临近交叉口最小间距标准的研究,提出了改善我国立交与地面道路交通衔接的可行途径。