悬挂式单轨交通小半径曲线轨道梁截面形式比选研究

为合理选择悬挂式单轨交通小半径曲线轨道梁的截面形式,以某最小过弯半径100 m、跨径20 m的轨道梁桥为研究对象,基于多体动力学,采用ANSYS软件分别建立开口薄壁形、单侧箱形、顶箱形、顶箱+侧箱组合形截面曲线轨道梁模型,进行经济性及车-桥耦合动力响应比较。结果表明：综合考虑用钢量及轨道梁截面横向惯性矩的提升效果,顶箱形截面性价比最高;轨道梁采用顶箱形截面时列车平稳性最好,其次为开口薄壁形截面及顶箱+侧箱组合形截面,单侧箱形截面列车平稳性最差;对于轨道梁跨中竖向动位移,采用顶箱形截面与开口薄壁形截面的计算结果均较好且相差不大。因此该悬挂式单轨交通小半径曲线轨道梁桥主梁采用顶箱形截面最优。     

跨座式单轨轨道梁梯度温度效应研究

参照国内外7种规范对温度梯度的规定,以跨座式单轨常用的日立车型对应的轨道梁为基础进行计算和分析比较,结果显示,不同规范计算出的温度效应差异较大,最大的与活载相当,设计中应特别重视。在设计跨座式单轨轨道梁这种无铺装的结构时,除了采用跨座式单轨规范计算外,还应多选择几种符合实际情况的温度梯度曲线进行验算,以确保结构受力安全。     

跨座式单轨PC轨道梁设计

跨座式单轨PC（预应力混凝土）轨道梁桥结构具有承重、导向及稳定的作用。阐述了作用于PC轨道梁桥结构上的荷载，曲线PC轨道梁的内力计算，预应力计算，应力计算及组合。简要介绍了PC轨道梁的支座、伸缩指形板及梁内或梁上预埋件的设置。     

悬挂式单轨交通系统标准段轨道梁结构选型设计

悬挂式单轨交通系统具有适应性强、占地少、造价低、快捷舒适、观光趣味浓等优势,是一种新型的中、低运量的城市单轨交通系统,其结构主要包括轨道梁和立柱。轨道梁作为列车主要承载构件,其结构选型对轨道梁的受力及造价影响较大。以宁波杭州湾新区城市全域旅游配套基础设施一期工程(设计)为背景,通过ANSYS有限元分析,探讨了轨道梁跨径、轨道梁顶底腹板板厚、环向加劲肋尺寸及间距、走行底板加劲尺寸对轨道梁变形及经济性的影响,并对相关参数提出建议值,为本项目轨道梁设计及我国后续悬挂式单轨结构设计工作提供参考。     

跨座式单轨交通桥梁结构体系研究

为合理选择跨座式单轨交通桥梁结构体系,以适应城市复杂的建设条件及跨越需求,对PC轨道梁、双层复合结构、钢轨道梁3种类型轨道梁的适用性进行分析,并从设计、施工和成本等方面对铰支体系和刚构体系2种结构体系进行比选。结果显示,跨座式单轨交通桥梁轨道梁施工应采用工厂预制、现场拼装的施工工艺;对非小曲线的小跨径标准梁桥应根据工期需要选择铰支体系或刚构体系混凝土轨道梁;对于小曲线段及中、大跨径节点桥宜采用刚构体系钢轨道梁桥,当大跨径桥梁附加应力过大、结构受力不合理时,宜采用铰支体系钢轨道梁桥。     

跨座式单轨交通关键技术特性

本文总结了跨座式单轨的关键技术,包括混凝土轨道梁、单轨道岔、单轨车辆技术(重点为转向架、复合制动),简述了电气系统;分析了跨座式单轨在结构、编组和性能上的特点;归纳出了跨座式单轨的关键技术参数表若干;探讨了跨座式单车辆制动新技术,为了解与推广跨座式单轨交通提供参考。     

PC轨道梁制造的线性控制技术

跨座式单轨交通系统的PC轨道梁既是承载梁又是列车运行的轨道，重点阐述在PC轨道梁施工中，从底模台车、侧模、端模等的拼装方面控制PC轨道梁线性的施工技术。     

非对称悬挂式轨道梁结构优化分析

为优化非对称悬挂式轨道梁的结构构造以满足运营刚度和强度等要求,参考国内外已建成的类似悬挂式单轨交通系统,初步设计了悬挂式单轨轨道梁结构,采用设计软件Midas/Civil和Abaqus建立有限元模型,分别进行整体分析和局部受力分析。调整截面尺寸、跨径和板厚等参数,分析非对称悬挂式轨道梁的变形和应力分布。研究表明:轨道梁结构跨径取30 m比较合适,当截面尺寸一定的情况下,增加钢板厚度能有效地提高轨道梁的刚度与强度,但当钢板厚度增加到一定值后,轨道梁刚度提高的速率明显减缓,此时加大截面尺寸比增加板厚对结构强度与刚度的提升效果更好,更能减少用钢量,经优化最终提出了一种新型悬挂式单轨轨道梁结构。     

东海大桥近岛段工程8×50 m曲线顶推梁施工测量控制

介绍东海大桥近岛段工程8×50 m曲线顶推梁施工测量控制方法,分析曲线顶推梁线形控制的关键环节,为同类桥梁的施工提供一定的借鉴.     

大跨度悬索桥铺设CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道可行性分析北大核心

为了解大跨度悬索桥铺设CRTSⅢ型板式无砟轨道的可行性,在分析荷载和自然环境影响下五峰山长江大桥梁体线形规律及梁体线形对轨道影响的基础上,结合典型无砟轨道斜拉桥应用实例,从无砟轨道对梁体空间大变形的适应性、测量控制技术、成桥线形控制技术3个方面进行可行性研究。根据脊椎结构特性和仿生学原理,进行“轨道-桥梁”一体化设计;提出增设辅助墩、边墩和辅助墩均增设纵向位移单向竖向支座以控制梁端转角,选择下承式梁端伸缩装置以使梁端区域刚度均匀过渡;在梁体厂内“3+1”预拼装时,建立相对平面控制网,成桥后利用“连通器”原理快速建立相对高程控制网,可基本解决无砟轨道对大跨度悬索桥变形的适应性及测量控制难题,并提出成桥线形质量控制关键点。     

跨座式轻轨钢轨道梁的动力特性有限元分析

为研究跨座式单轨交通钢轨道梁的动力特性,以重庆市袁家岗-谢家湾区间40.5 m简支跨座式单轨交通钢轨道梁为研究对象,应用ANSYS的APDL语言,采用直接生成法建立有限元模型,分别计算模型的自振特性、静力和动力响应。动力分析的计算模型采用4辆车厢编组,车速为20~80 km/h,分单线和双线加载。计算结果表明:该钢轨道梁基频较高,结构振型复杂,具有较高的整体刚度及强度,动力特性符合规范要求;平联及横梁对轨道梁的横向刚度和扭转刚度贡献较大;单线行车时轨道梁会产生扭转,使其上翼缘产生较大的横向位移。     

重庆轨道交通三号线一期盖梁支座锚箱施工技术

盖梁内支座锚箱的安装是跨座式单轨交通桥墩盖梁施工的关键工序。该文以重庆轨道交通三号线一期盖梁支座锚箱施工为例,介绍锚箱施工技术。     

Prediction of the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail – Green's functions approach

This paper herein describes the interaction between a simple moving vehicle and an infinite periodically supported rail, in order to signalise the basic features of the vehicle/track vibration behaviour in general, and wheel/rail vibration, in particular. The rail is modelled as an infinite Timoshenko beam resting on semi-sleepers via three-directional rail pads and ballast. The time-domain analysis was performed applying Green's matrix of the track method. This method allows taking into account the nonlinearities of the wheel/rail contact and the Doppler effect. The numerical analysis is dedicated to the wheel/rail response due to two types of excitation: the steady-state interaction and rail irregularities. The study points out to certain aspects regarding the parametric resonance, the amplitude-modulated vibration due to corrugation and the Doppler effect.     

A linear complementarity method for the solution of vertical vehicle–track interaction

A new method is proposed for the solution of the vertical vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail. The vehicle is modelled as a multi-body system using rigid bodies, and the track is treated as a three-layer beam model in which the rail is considered as an Euler-Bernoulli beam and both the sleepers and the ballast are represented by lumped masses. A linear complementarity formulation is directly established using a combination of the wheel–rail normal contact condition and the generalised-α method. This linear complementarity problem is solved using the Lemke algorithm, and the wheel–rail contact force can be obtained. Then the dynamic responses of the vehicle and the track are solved without iteration based on the generalised-α method. The same equations of motion for the vehicle and track are adopted at the different wheel–rail contact situations. This method can remove some restrictions, that is, time-dependent mass, damping and stiffness matrices of the coupled system, multiple equations of motion for the different contact situations and the effect of the contact stiffness. Numerical results demonstrate that the proposed method is effective for simulating the vehicle–track interaction including a separation between wheel and rail.     

Vertical random vibration analysis of vehicle–track coupled system using Green's function method

A vertical vehicle–track coupled dynamic model, consisting of a high-speed train on a continuously supported rail, is established in the frequency-domain. The solution is obtained efficiently by use of the Green's function method, which can determine the vibration response over a wide range of frequency without any limitations due to modal truncation. Moreover, real track irregularity spectra can be used conveniently as input. The effect of the flexibility of both track and car body on the entire vehicle–track coupled dynamic response is investigated. A multi-body model of a vehicle with either rigid or flexible car body is defined running on three kinds of track: a rigid rail, a track stiffness model and a Timoshenko beam model. The results show that neglecting the track flexibility leads to an overestimation of both the contact force and the whole vehicle vibration response. The car body flexibility affects the ride quality of the vehicle and the coupling through the track and can be significant in certain frequency ranges. Finally, the effect of railpad and ballast stiffness on the vehicle–track coupled vibration is analysed, indicating that the stiffness of the railpad has an influence on the system in a higher frequency range than the ballast.     

On the effect of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track

The effect of unsupported sleepers on the dynamic behaviour of a railway track is studied based on vehicle–track dynamic interaction theory, using a model of the track as a Timoshenko beam supported on a periodic elastic foundation. Considering the vehicle's running speed and the number of unsupported sleepers, the track dynamic characteristics are investigated and verified in the time and frequency domains by experiments on a 1:5 scale model wheel–rail test rig. The results show that when hanging sleepers are present, leading to a discontinuous and irregular track support, additional wheel–rail interaction forces are generated. These forces increase as further sleepers become unsupported and as the vehicle's running speed increases. The adjacent supports experience increased dynamic forces which will lead to further deterioration of track quality and the formation of long wavelength track irregularities, which worsen the vehicles’ running stability and riding comfort. Stationary transfer functions measurements of the dynamic behaviour of the track are also presented to support the findings.     

Sliding window method for vehicles moving on a long track

The rail is modelled as a simply supported beam in the vehicle–track coupled dynamics. The beam is formulated by a partial differential equation that is transformed into an ordinary differential equation by the method of mode superposition for numerical calculation. However, the size of the matrix that is formed by the mode-superposition method increases significantly with track length, which limits the calculation efficiency. Some methods have been developed to solve this calculation issue, but they diminish the merits of the vehicle–track coupled dynamics, which would systematically investigate the dynamics of a vehicle and a track from the entire vehicle–track system. A new method is developed to resolve this contradiction. First, a theory based on a sliding window is established to improve the computational stability with respect to the length and the window-movement ratio. Then, two methods, namely finite element method analysis and an analytical solution, are used to verify the accuracy of the new method, which is highly efficient when used in a vertical half-vehicle–track coupled model to calculate the vehicle response when the vehicle moves on a long track. The results of the vehicle response calculated with and without the sliding window show good consistency.     

一种新型小型单轨游览车牵引悬挂装置

随着跨座式单轨火车的发展,部分小型单轨高架游览车车厢较小,车厢重量较轻,采用的单节车厢设置一个转向架的结构,现有的单轨车牵引悬挂系统不适用于此类结构,故本文基于该状况,设计开发一种新型小型单轨游览车牵引悬挂装置。     

Dynamic Interaction between Wheel and Track - A Parametric Search towards an Optimal Design of Rail Structures

SUMMARY

The dynamic vertical interaction between a moving rigid wheel and a flexible railway track is investigated. A round and smooth wheel tread and an initially straight and noncorrugated rail surface are assumed in the present optimization study. A symmetric linear three-dimensional beam structure model of a finite portion of the track is suggested including rail, pads, sleepers and ballast with spatially nonproportional damping. The full interaction problem is numerically solved by use of an extended state-space vector approach in conjunction with a complex modal superposition for the track. Transient bending stresses in sleepers and rail are calculated. The influence of seven selected track parameters on the dynamic behaviour of the track is investigated. A two-level fractional factorial design method is used in the search for a combination of numerical levels of these parameters making the maximum bending stresses a minimum.     

下穿工程中轨道大变形沉降的级数解法

依托某段下穿铁路工程，基于文克尔弹性地基梁模型，考虑梁土间的摩阻力，将路基沉降作为非线性边界条件，建立轨道大变形沉降的控制微分方程，并采用傅里叶级数法进行求解；建立数值模型得到数值解，并与级数解、余弦函数解进行对比分析。结果表明:级数解与数值解所得的轨道沉降曲线的相关系数（大于99.00 %）更高，且最大轨道沉降差值仅为数值解轨道最大沉降的0.62 %和0.84 %，级数解法精度更高，在轨道沉降无法直接测量的情况下，利用理论计算所得轨道沉降曲线可很好地反映和预测轨道的沉降情况，从而保证铁路正常运营。