船舶保险与船舶保赔保险索赔和理赔若干问题之比较

船舶保险是以船舶为保险标的的保险,承保船舶在航行或停泊期间因海上自然灾害或意外事故所遭受的损失。船舶保赔保险是承保船东在经营船舶业务中应承担的,却不包括在船舶保险承保范围内的责任风险的保险。本文主要介绍二者在索赔和理赔制度与实务操作中的一些区别。     

因船舶潜在缺陷造成货物灭损承运人有过错不能免责

在海上货物运输中,一旦发生货物灭损,承运人可能以船舶存在潜在缺陷为由主张免责,然而在司法实务中承运人却不能当然免责。首先,何为船舶潜在缺陷。需要结合案件具体情况进行判断;其次。即使船舶存在潜在缺陷．如果承运人对货物的灭损存在过错,那么其也不能享受法定免责的权利。此外,承运人对于集装箱损坏的赔偿限额应当视集装箱与受载货物的关联性确定．当集装箱本身即是受载货物时,不能按照装运器具的标准计算责任限额。     

船舶抵押贷款合同中的船舶保险法律问题

探讨在船舶抵押贷款合同下的被抵押船舶保险涉及的若干法律问题,认为应采取以抵押人投保为基础,以抵押权人投保为补充,必要时以双方的共同名义进行投保的原则来实施船舶抵押贷款合同中的保险条款。     

船舶焊接缺陷及其质量检验

全面阐述船舶焊接缺陷类别及其产生的原因和防止措施,介绍了船舶焊接质量检验方法。     

船舶焊接缺陷及其质量检验

全面阐述船舶焊接缺陷类别及其产生的原因和防止措施,介绍船舶焊缝质量检验方法.     

船舶保险中的保证条款

海上保险合同十分强调诚实信用,最高诚实信用原则(utmost good faith)体现于海上保险合同的全过程,被保险人严格遵守保单中的保证条款就是其具体表现之一.所谓保证条款就是被保险人在保险合同中对保险人作出的承诺.船舶保险和货物保险中都有保证条款,保证有明示和默示之分.     

船舶定期保险中被保险人无须默示保证船舶适航

在船舶保险案 件 中，保险公司经 常以船舶不适航 为由拒赔。以船 舶不适航为由拒 赔的理由是否正 确？笔者拟通 过最近的一个 海事案例来予 以分析。 一、案情 １９９４年 １１ 月，国内自然 人Ａ以Ｂ船所 有人的身份向 Ｃ保险公司投 保船舶定期保 险，适用中国 人民保险公司 船舶保险条款 （１／１／１９８６），期 限为一年。船 舶在保险期间 的某航次航行 途中，遭遇８级 风，浪从船后两 舷打入甲板，整 船沉没。该航次 船长因病未随船 出航，也没有临时 委派代理船长。Ａ 认为该起海上事故 属于保险责任范围，向Ｃ公司提出赔付要求。但…     

Fully coupled BEM-FEM analysis for ship hydroelasticity in waves

This paper considers the problem of ship hydroelasticity, which is an important technical issue in the design of ultra-large vessels. For the analysis of fluid-structure interaction problems, a partitioned method is applied. The fluid domain surrounding a flexible body is solved using a B-spline Rankine panel method, and the structural domain is handled with a three-dimensional finite element method. The two distinct methods are fully coupled in the time domain by using an implicit iterative scheme. The numerical results of natural frequency and the motion responses of simple and segmented barges are computed to validate the present method through comparisons with experimental and numerical results. This study extends to the application to two real ships, 6500 TEU and 10,000 TEU containerships, for more validation and also observation on the practicality of the present method. Based on this study, it is found that the present method provides reliable solutions to linear ship hydroelasticity problems.     

Stochastic averaging for estimating a ship roll in random longitudinal or oblique waves

In this work, the C11 container ship is taken as an example to analyze its rolling performances in random longitudinal or oblique waves. Firstly, a dynamic model of C11 roll in random waves is improved, and it is verified by the model test and numerical simulation. Mathematically, this dynamic model is a one-dimensional stochastic differential equation with random parametric (and external) excitation. Secondly, an enhanced stochastic averaging method is proposed to solve this stochastic differential equation. The validity of the solutions was verified by Monte Carlo simulation. At last, the probabilistic characteristics of the extreme rolling response were investigated based on the calculated results using enhanced stochastic averaging method. According to the analysis, some advices for ship's manoeuvring can be put forward when ships are navigating in random waves.     

落实科学发展观 提高辽宁辖区船舶溢油应急处置能力

船舶数量的增多和船舶大型化，使海上因船舶交通事故引发的船舶溢油风险概率大增。一直以来。由于我国对船舶溢油应急处置能力建设的滞后，有效应对海上溢油尤其是突发性重大溢油事故的能力还很弱，因此，尽快提高溢油应急处置能力具有重大的现实意义。文中从提高对船舶溢油应急处置能力重要性的认识出发。科学分析了造成应急处置能力低的根源，并从落实科学发展观的角度，具体提出了有效提高海上溢油应急处置能力的方法和途径。     

An analytical method for predicting the ship side structure response in raked bow collisions

As an increasing number of ships continue to sail in heavy traffic lanes, the possibility of collision between ships has become progressively higher. Therefore, it is of great importance to rapidly and accurately analyse the response and consequences of a ship's side structure subjected to large impact loads, such as collisions from supply vessels or merchant vessels. As the raked bow is a common design that has a high possibility of impacting a ship side structure, this study proposes an analytical method based on plastic mechanism equations for the rapid prediction of the response of a ship's side structure subjected to raked bow collisions. The new method includes deformation mechanisms of the side shell plating and the stiffeners attached. The deformation mechanisms of deck plating, longitudinal girders and transverse frames are also analysed. The resistance and energy dissipation of the side structure are obtained from individual components and then integrated to assess the complete crashworthiness of the side structure of the struck ship. The analytical prediction method is verified by numerical simulation. Three typical collision scenarios are defined in the numerical simulation using the code LS_DYNA, and the results obtained by the proposed analytical method and those of the numerical simulation are compared. The results correspond well, suggesting that the proposed analytical method can improve ship crashworthiness during the design phase.     

A computational approach for fatigue crack propagation in ship structures under random sequence of clustered loading

The authors have developed a simulation program, CP-System, for multiple cracks propagating in a three-dimensional stiffened panel structure, where through-the-thickness crack propagation is formulated as a two-dimensional in-plane problem, and the crack propagation behavior is simulated by step-by-step finite element analyses. In order to evaluate the fatigue lives of marine structures accurately, it is necessary to take into account the load histories induced by sea waves, which may be composed of a random sequence of certain clustered loads with variable stress range. In the proposed crack growth model, the crack opening and closure behavior is simulated by using the modified strip yielding model, and the effective tensile plastic stress intensity range, ΔK _RP, is calculated by considering the contact of plastic wake along the crack surfaces. The adequacy of the proposed crack growth model is examined by comparison with fatigue tests under non-constant-amplitude loading. The usefulness of the developed method is demonstrated for a ship structural detail under certain simulated load sequences. It is shown that the fatigue crack growth of a ship structure is significantly retarded due to the load interaction effects, so that the conventional method for fatigue life assessment may predict a relatively conservative fatigue life of a structure.     

船舶海洋工程物理模型试验系泊线模拟技术

针对船舶海洋工程中浮式设施系泊物理模型试验对系泊线的模拟要求,在借鉴吸收行业经验和长期实践的基础上,总结提出一套可行的对缆绳、锚链等不同材质或性能的系泊线试验室模拟方法,供试验技术人员在相关的物理模型试验中采用。     

Numerical prediction and mitigation of out-of-plane welding distortion in ship panel structure by elastic FE analysis

As an application to predict and mitigate the out-of-plane welding distortion by elastic FE analysis based on the inherent deformation theory, a panel structure of a pure car carrier ship is considered. The inherent deformations of different types of welded joints included in this ship panel structure are evaluated beforehand using thermal elastic plastic FE analysis. Applying idealized boundary condition to focus on the local deformation, elastic FE analysis shows that the considered ship panel structure will buckle near the edge and only bending distortion is dominant in the internal region. In order to mitigate out-of-plane welding distortion such as buckling and bending, straightening using line heating is employed. In the internal region, only inherent bending with the same magnitude as welding induced inherent bending is applied on the opposite side of welded joints (fast moving torch). On the other hand, only in-plane inherent strain produced by line heating is introduced to the edge region to correct buckling distortion (slow moving torch). The magnitude of out-of-plane welding distortion in this ship panel structure can be minimized to an accepted level.     

An efficient FE computation for predicting welding induced buckling in production of ship panel structure

In a Thermal-Elastic-Plastic (TEP) FE analysis to investigate welding induced buckling of large thin plate welded structure such as ship panel, it will be extremely difficult to converge computation and obtain the results when the material and geometrical non-linear behaviors are both considered. In this study, an efficient FE computation which is an elastic FE analysis based on inherent deformation method, is proposed to predict welding induced buckling with employing large deformation theory, and an application in ship panel production is carried out. The proposed FE computation is implemented with two steps:(1) The typical weld joint (fillet weld) existing in considered ship panel structure is conducted with sequential welding using actual welding condition, and welding angular distortion after completely cooling down is measured. A TEP FE analysis with solid elements model is carried out to predict the welding angular distortion, which is validated by comparing with experimental results. Then, inherent deformations in this examined fillet welded joint are evaluated as a loading for the subsequent elastic FE analysis. Also, the simultaneous welding to assemble this fillet welded joint is numerically considered and its inherent deformations are evaluated.(2) To predict the welding induced buckling in the production of ship panel structure, a shell element model of considered ship panel is then employed for elastic FE analysis, in which inherent deformation evaluated beforehand is applied and large deformation is considered. The computed results obviously show welding induced buckling in the considered ship panel structure after welding. With its instability and difficulty for straightening, welding induced buckling prefers to be avoided whenever it is possible.     

数值波浪水池及顶浪中船舶水动力计算

基于粘流理论建立了三维数值波浪水池,模拟了非线性波浪,并对规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力进行了计算.数值模拟中,控制方程-RANS方程和连续性方程使用有限体积法离散,非线性自由面采用VOF方法处理;在入口边界模拟柔性造波板运动产生入射波,使用位于波浪水池尾部的人工阻尼区消波.给出了非线性规则波的模拟结果以及规则波顶浪中前进的拘束船模的水动力计算结果,并与理论解及DUT(Delfi University of Technology)的试验数据进行了比较,二者吻合良好.     

长江东溪口航道整治船模通航试验研究

东溪口水道受上游斗笠子急滩和下游东溪口浅险滩2个连续滩险的影响,航行条件较差。针对东溪口水道目前存在的问题,提出3种不同的整治方案。为分析河段整治后不同方案效果、船舶上滩条件、上滩难易程度及航行参数情况,采用小比尺船模进行船舶上滩试验研究。通过对试验成果的比较分析,选出最佳工程方案,突出了船模试验在河工模型测量技术中的优势,在工程中具有应用价值。